scholarly journals Impact of Cognitive Dysfunction in the Middle East Depressed Patients: The ICMED Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulqader Al Jarad ◽  
Ahmad Al Hadi ◽  
Ali Al Garatli ◽  
Aly Akram ◽  
Dakhil Alsaeidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Background:Major depressive disorder is a common condition with a high rate of recurrence, chronicity, and affecting economic burden, including disability in the workplace, which leads to negative consequences on both individuals and society.Objectives:This study aimed to estimate the impact of cognitive dysfunction, as declared by the patient, on performing daily tasks/activities among patients with major depression disorder (MDD).Methods:This investigation is based on multinational cross-sectional survey of 499 workers recruited from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirates (UAE). We assessed the severity of depression by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Impact of Depression in the Workplace in Europe Audit (IDEA) survey and trial making test (TMT) parts A and B were used to assess the impact of cognitive dysfunction on performing daily tasks/activities in adult patients presented with MDD.Results:A total of 499 persons were included in this study, aged 18–66 years, current workers and managers. Of them, 17.8% were normal (remitted), 22.4% were mildly depressed, 23.4% were moderately depressed, 8.6% were severely depressed, and 27.7% were very severely depressed at the time of the study according to HDRS. Common symptoms attributable to depression were low mode or sadness (89.8%), followed by insomnia (75.2%) and crying (70.9%). Of them, low mode or sadness was the most common factor affecting the work performance (90.2%). About 66.3% of participants diagnosed with depression by a doctor/medical professional. Awareness of the disease was recognizable by patients’ managers in only 31.9% of the cases. Furthermore, 45.3% of cases had taken off work due to depression with mean duration of 38.7 (95% CI 37.7 to 39.7) days. The mean TMT parts A and B score were 69.2 (95% CI 66.3 to 72.2) and 126.6 (95% CI 121 to 132), respectively. Lastly, a significant positive correlation between the mean score for HDRS and TMT-A and B scores was observed.Conclusion:Depression affects work productivity and work environment with negative consequences to countries’ economy. Awareness of depression in the workplace in KSA and UAE is still suboptimal. The personal and societal burden of this issue cannot be neglected when we become aware of the proportion of affected people.

scholarly journals Setting a Cap on the Maximum Average Number of Drinks Per Day in Australian Survey Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Callinan
Keyword(s):  
Survey Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the cap level on total consumption and a range of variables including negative consequences. Design, Setting, and Participants: Cross sectional survey in Australia with 2,020 Australians aged 16 and over.Measures: Participants completed a detailed survey on their alcohol consumption with no methodological limit on consumption.Findings: Setting a cap on high levels of consumption can significantly decrease the mean level of consumption. While the relationship between consumption and related variables do not change significantly, the relationship with negative consequences strengthens as the cap lowers, and the relationship with purchases decreases for uncapped data and data with low caps, providing some guidance on where a cap would be best placed.Conclusions: Consideration of where to set a maximum daily consumption level in survey research should be not only based on what could be feasibly consumed, but also on the point at which a very high reported consumption level is more likely to have been reported in error than as a reflection of reality. Checking the relationship between consumption and related variables, with different caps applied before selecting a capping level, is recommended.

scholarly journals Malaria Prevalence Investigation among Pregnant Women in Relation to Their Social Well Being: A Case Study of Lugbe and Gosa, Abuja, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Onyemaechi Ngozi Edith ◽  
Malann Yoila David
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Malaria Prevalence ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smear Preparation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact

Aim: This research aim was to investigate the impact of living conditions (Socio demographic characteristics) of pregnant women on their malarial status. Study Design: In order to achieve the objectives of the study, Cross sectional survey was used. This is because only a subsect of the population was used. Descriptive designs was utilised in the Questionnaire aspect of the study. Place and Duration of Study: The Presidential Malarial initiative PMI/USAID - funded Insectary Laboratory at Nasarawa State University, Keffi/six (6) Months. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from the participating pregnant women by pricking their thumb and the blood droplet was examined using a direct thin and thick blood smear preparation stained with giemsa for the presence of the ring form stages of the parasites in the blood of the individuals in the laboratory. Qualitative data were sourced through Questionnaire administration to 589 pregnant women in Antenatal care clinics (ANC) in the area and their malaria status was also determined. Results: Study results showed a high prevalence rate of malaria in pregnancy (70.5%), the greater number of occurrences being in Lugbe (42.3%) than in Gosa (28.2%). Those living in houses built with wood recorded more positive cases of malaria and are at greater risk of infection (odds = 1.866%). Conclusion: This study has shown an increased rate of malaria infection amongst pregnant women living in wood and mud houses. The result also shows high rate of malaria occurrences due to low living conditions amongst pregnant women domiciled in this area of study. Hence, pregnant women should as a routine be placed on malaria prophylaxis and periodically checked as they can be asymptomatic, only exhibiting symptoms when its already late.

scholarly journals Changing use of the emergency department by the elderly in the United Arab Emirates,1989 and 1999

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 409-415
Author(s):  
S. A. Margolis ◽  
R. L. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

Changes in use by the elderly of the emergency department of a major hospital in Al-Ain in the years 1989 and 1999 were examined. All patients aged 65 years or older who attended the emergency room were included in this cross-sectional survey. Patient numbers rose from 321 in 1989 to 1347 in 1999 with no significant change in the female to male ratio of 0.78 or the mean age of the elderly attendees 72.9 +/- 7.4 years. Attendance rose 5.4 fold while non-urgent attendance rose 14.7 fold, demonstrating rising use but falling illness severity over time.

The Impact of Covid-19 on Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 2905-2909
Author(s):  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Haresh Kumar ◽  
Rakhi Kumari ◽  
Jawed Dars ◽  
Shahzaib Qureshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact

Aim: To understand the psychological impact of COVID – 19 on Medical Students of a private sector Medical University in Karachi, Pakistan. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted among medical students studying at Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan. The data collection was done through online survey from July 2020 to December 2020. The study aimed to gather data from many medical students. A total number of 420 students were participated from Hamdard College of Medicine and Dentistry in Karachi, Pakistan. The participants were selected from all years of MBBS and BDS programs . Results: Out of 420 participants, 236 (56.2%) were male and 184 (43.8%) female, with a male:female ration of 1.28:1. Majority of participants were single as 411 (97.9%), of 224 (53.3%) students living with their family, 150 (35.7%) in hostel and 46 (11%) living with friends. In our sample 369 (87.9%) students studying in MBBS program while only 51 (12.1%) BDS, among those 80 (19%) medical students were in first year, followed by 122 (29%) second year, 65 (15.5%) third year, 54 (12.9%) fourth year and 99 (23.6%) studying in final year. IES-R scale and results shows 75 (17.9%) reported that PTSD is a clinical concern, probable diagnosis of PTSD 28 (6.7%) and majority rated as high enough to PTSD 133 (31.7%). Impact of event (revised) scale shows significant association with age and year of study with p value 0.026 and 0.002 respectively. Based on the PHQ9 scale, Gender, Living arrangements and the program enrolled in were reported significant association with depression p values 0.059, 0.008 and 0.006 respectively. Conclusion: Findings suggests high rate of anxiety, depression, and signs of PTSD in medical students due to COVID-19 which needs pressing attention and provision of professional help from mental health practitioners. Keywords: Impact, Covid-19, Medical students

Prevalence and Impact of Dietary Avoidance among Individuals with Hidradenitis Suppurativa

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Dempsey ◽  
Melissa Butt ◽  
Joslyn S. Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Hidradenitis Suppurativa ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Few Data ◽  
The Impact

Background: People with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are interested in dietary alterations to manage the condition. However, there are few data on the prevalence of this or the impact on HS activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and impact of dietary alterations made by people with HS. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was sent to people with HS through multiple sources. Participants reported food alterations in the prior 6 months. ­Results: Overall, 242 complete surveys were included in this analysis; the mean age was 35.8 years, and most (87.5%) were women. The majority (75.8%, n = 182) altered at least one food from their diet. Within this group, 154 (84.6%) made changes to multiple food groups. The top 5 food groups that were altered were gluten (48.8%), dairy (44.2%), refined sugars (40.0%), tomatoes (36.7%), and alcohol (37.1%). Smoking was eliminated in 27.5% of participants. Some participants (30.9%) reported the change made the HS “much better.” Conclusions: Dietary alteration to manage HS was common among participants in this study. Some people reported improvement in HS activity, but some noted worsening. Additional research is needed to evaluate the efficacy of dietary alteration to manage HS and to better understand the underlying pathomechanisms.

scholarly journals Participation profiles among Chinese stroke survivors: A latent profile analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244461
Author(s):  
Yuxia Li ◽  
Xuemei Li ◽  
Lanshu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Latent Profile Analysis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Objectives To investigate the current status of participation and explore the characteristics of individuals with different levels of participation among stroke survivors in mainland China. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting Participants were recruited by convenience sampling from the neurology department of the tertiary hospitals and communities. Subjects Stroke survivors (N = 517; mean (±SD) age, 69.97±11.51 y; 36.8% female). Intervention Not applicable. Main outcome measures Participation was measured using the Chinese version of the Impact on Participation and Autonomy Questionnaire (IPA). Rating of disability was assessed using the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS). The Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ), and the Herth Hope Scale (HHS) were also employed to measure social support, coping strategy, and hope of stroke survivors. The latent profiles analysis (LPA) was conducted using the Mplus version 8.3. Results The mean score of participation was 41.21±21.204. Participants were divided into three groups according to the participation using the LPA. The mean score on the sum of IPA for the high, medium, and low participation groups was 18.93±8.529, 42.50±8.302, and 69.44±9.516, respectively. Conclusions Stroke survivors have a low level of participation. Stroke survivors with low income, high mRS stage, bad health condition, and being dissatisfied for life tended to have low participation. Healthcare professionals should pay special attention to them and make targeted interventions based on their characteristics.

scholarly journals The impact of COVID-19 restriction measures on loneliness among older adults in Austria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwin Stolz ◽  
Hannes Mayerl ◽  
Wolfgang Freidl
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Opening Phase

Background: To halt the spread of COVID-19, Austria implemented a 7-week shut-down of public life in March/April 2020 which was followed by a gradual withdrawal of these restriction measures in May/June 2020. We expect that the ensuing reduction in social contacts led to increased loneliness among older adults (60+). Methods: We conducted three analyses to assess the association between COVID-19 public health restriction measures and loneliness: (1) A comparison between pre-pandemic (SHARE: 2013-2017) and pandemic (May 2020) levels of loneliness (UCLA-3 scale), (2) an analysis of the correlation between being affected by COVID-19 restriction measures and loneliness based on cross-sectional survey data from early May 2020, and (3) a longitudinal analysis of weekly changes in loneliness (Corona panel data) from late March to early June 2020. Results: We found (1) loneliness levels to have increased in 2020 in comparison with previous years, (2) an association between the number of restriction measures older adults reported to be affected from and loneliness, and (3) that loneliness was higher during shut-down compared to the subsequent re-opening phase, particularly among those who live alone. Discussion: Our results provide evidence that COVID-19 restriction measures in Austria have indeed resulted in increased levels of loneliness among older adults. However, these effects seem to be short-lived, and thus we do not expect strong negative consequences for older adults mental health downstream. Nonetheless, effects of longer and/or repeated future restriction measures aiming at social distancing should be closely monitored.

Public perception of mental illness in Oman: A cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S511-S511 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al Alawi ◽  
H. Al Sinawi ◽  
S. AL-Adawi ◽  
L. Jeyaseelan ◽  
S. MurthiP
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionStigma toward mental illness is an international phenomena and it has negative consequences on the patients and their families. Studies on public attitudes toward people with mental illness (PWMI) in the Arab world initially reported less prevalence of stigma compared to other societies; however, follow up studies showed that stigma was influenced by specific socio-cultural factors.AimsThis study aims to examine public attitudes toward people with mental illness in Oman and the impact of socio-demographic factors.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional survey conducted among the general public in Oman. The attitude was measured via the Attitude toward Mental Illness (AMI) questionnaire. Various demographic factors were examined including age, place of residence, occupation and previous encounter with PWMI. The data were collected using online research methods.ResultsA total of 601 subjects participated in this study, (M: 41.4%, F: 58.6%). 48% of the participants were aged 15–30 years while 46% were aged 31–45 years. The majority of the participants were employed and 10% were students. After adjusting for all other variables, subjects aged (15–30years) had less positive attitude compared to those aged (46–60 years) (P = 0.06). Socio-demographic factors such as gender, occupation and previous contact were correlated with the endorsement of positive attitudes toward PWMI.ConclusionThis study illustrated that public attitudes toward PWMI in Oman is generally sub-optimal. The observed attitudes were strongly influenced by age, gender, occupation and previous exposure to PWMI. Future studies with robust methodology are recommended to scrutinize the present findings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

PERCEIVED EFFECTS OF STREET HAWKING ON THE WELL-BEING OF CHILDREN IN ANYIGBA, DEKINA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE, NIGERIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Alfred Eboh
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Effects ◽  
The Government

Background: The hawking of wares by children has been a serious issue confronting the Nigerian society. Children hawk in some of the most horrible conditions conceivable, where they face a serious risk of injury, chronic illness, kidnapping, rape or death. Objective: The focus of this study was to assess the perceived effects of street hawking on the well-being of children in Anyigba, Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State. Methods: The population of this study consists of parents of the street hawkers in Anyigba while cross-sectional survey design was used through the purposive sampling technique to choose the sample size of one hundred and sixty-two (162) respondents. The validated structured questionnaire and In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) served as the instruments for the data collection respectively. The hypotheses were tested using Chi-Square at a predetermined 0.05 level of significance. The quantitative data were analysed with the aid of the SPSS (version 20). Results: The results indicated among others that street hawking had significant social implications and physical consequences on children's moral behaviour as well as health status in the study area. Conclusion: The study, therefore, concluded that the government of Kogi State should carry out an enlightenment campaign through the media and religious institutions on the negative consequences of street hawking are recommended as panacea. Also, the child right act instrument and its implementation should be strengthened in order to curb street hawking in the study area.

Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 During the First Nationwide Lockdown in Vietnam: Web-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh Ngoc Cong Duong ◽  
Tien Nguyen Le Bao ◽  
Phuong Thi Lan Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Vo Van ◽  
Toi Phung Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The first nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic was implemented in Vietnam from April 1 to 15, 2020. Nevertheless, there has been limited information on the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health of the public. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychological issues and identify the factors associated with the psychological impact of COVID-19 during the first nationwide lockdown among the general population in Vietnam. METHODS We employed a cross-sectional study design with convenience sampling. A self-administered, online survey was used to collect data and assess psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress of participants from April 10 to 15, 2020. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were utilized to assess psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress of participants during social distancing due to COVID-19. Associations across factors were explored using regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1385 respondents completed the survey. Of this, 35.9% (n=497) experienced psychological distress, as well as depression (n=325, 23.5%), anxiety (n=195, 14.1%), and stress (n=309, 22.3%). Respondents who evaluated their physical health as average had a higher IES-R score (beta coefficient [B]=9.16, 95% CI 6.43 to 11.89), as well as higher depression (B=5.85, 95% CI 4.49 to 7.21), anxiety (B=3.64, 95% CI 2.64 to 4.63), and stress (B=5.19, 95% CI 3.83 to 6.56) scores for DASS-21 than those who rated their health as good or very good. Those who self-reported their health as bad or very bad experienced more severe depression (B=9.57, 95% CI 4.54 to 14.59), anxiety (B=7.24, 95% CI 3.55 to 10.9), and stress (B=10.60, 95% CI 5.56 to 15.65). Unemployment was more likely to be associated with depression (B=3.34, 95% CI 1.68 to 5.01) and stress (B=2.34, 95% CI 0.84 to 3.85). Regarding worries about COVID-19, more than half (n=755, 54.5%) expressed concern for their children aged <18 years, which increased their IES-R score (B=7.81, 95% CI 4.98 to 10.64) and DASS-21 stress score (B=1.75, 95% CI 0.27 to 3.24). The majority of respondents (n=1335, 96.4%) were confident about their doctor’s expertise in terms of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment, which was positively associated with less distress caused by the outbreak (B=–7.84, 95% CI –14.58 to –1.11). CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the effect of COVID-19 on mental health during the nationwide lockdown among the general population in Vietnam. The study provides useful evidence for policy decision makers to develop and implement interventions to mitigate these impacts. CLINICALTRIAL

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