Vitamin D as a Potential Therapeutic Option in Cancer Treatment: Is There a Role for Chemoprevention?

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 2138-2149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsane Bahrami ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Proliferation And Apoptosis

Background: Vitamin D (Vit D) serves as a precursor to the potent steroid hormone calcitriol, which regulates numerous genes that control homeostasis, epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Low level of Vit D is implicated in the development and progression of several diseases including bone fractures, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancers. The present review highlights the role of vitamin D in cancer with a particular emphasis on genetic variants related to Vit D metabolism as well as clinical trials of Vit D supplementation as a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of cancer patients. Methods: Data were collected following an electronic search in the Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus databases by using some keywords such as “cancer”, “tumor”, “malignancy”, “vitamin D”, “cholecalciferol” and “calcitriol”. Results: The collected evidence from the studies revealed a consistent and strong association between Vit D status and cancer risk and survival. The associations between Vit D-related genetic variants and cancer survival support the hypothesis that Vit D may affect cancer outcomes. The mechanisms whereby Vit D reduces cancer risk and increases survival are regulation of cellular differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis as well as decreased angiogenesis in tumor microenvironment and inhibition of metastasis. Conclusion: There is a paucity of evidence-based recommendations for the optimal 25(OH)D levels in patients with cancer and the role of Vit D supplementation for primary or secondary prevention of cancer. Well-designed and sufficiently powered randomized clinical trials are necessary to assess the clinical application of Vit D in enhancing the clinical efficacy of standard and adjuvant chemotherapy regimens.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Role of Nutrition and Supplementation

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Fiorenzo Moscatelli ◽  
Francesco Sessa ◽  
Anna Valenzano ◽  
Rita Polito ◽  
Vincenzo Monda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
The World ◽  
Diet Regimen ◽  
Specific Diet

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (COVID-19) appeared on the world scene, which mainly affects the respiratory system, causing pneumonia and multi-organ failure, and, although it starts with common symptoms such as shortness of breath and fever, in about 2–3% of cases it leads to death. Unfortunately, to date, no specific treatments have been found for the cure of this virus and, therefore, it is advisable to implement all possible strategies in order to prevent infection. In this context, it is important to better define the role of all behaviors, in particular nutrition, in order to establish whether these can both prevent infection and improve the outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19. In the literature, it is widely shown that states of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity negatively affect the immune system, leading to viral infections, and several studies have shown that nutritional interventions can act as immunostimulators, helping to prevent viral infections. Even if several measures, such as the assumption of a specific diet regimen, the use of dietary supplements, and other similar interventions, are promising for the prevention, management, and recovery of COVID-19 patients, it is important to highlight that strong data from randomized clinical trials are needed to support any such assumption. Considering this particular scenario, we present a literature review addressing several important aspects related to diet and SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to highlight the importance of diet and supplementation in prevention and management of, as well as recovery from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Uric Acid and Hypertension: Prognostic Role and Guide for Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 448
Author(s):  
Federica Piani ◽  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero ◽  
Claudio Borghi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hypertensive Disease ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension has been a subject of increasing interest since the 1870 discovery by Frederick Akbar Mahomed. Several epidemiological studies have shown a strong association between high SUA levels and the presence or the development of hypertension. Genetic analyses have found that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) genetic polymorphisms are associated with hypertension. However, genetic studies on urate transporters and Mendelian randomization studies failed to demonstrate a causal relationship between SUA and hypertension. Results from clinical trials on the role of urate-lowering therapy in the management of patients with hypertension are not uniform. Our study sought to analyze the prognostic and therapeutic role of SUA in the hypertensive disease, from uric acid (UA) biology to clinical trials on urate-lowering therapies.

Effectiveness of vitamin D therapy in improving metabolomic biomarkers in obesity phenotypes: Two randomized clinical trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1782-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoo Bagheri ◽  
Abolghasem Djazayery ◽  
Lu Qi ◽  
Mir Saeed Yekaninejad ◽  
Maryam Chamari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials

Non HRT Options for the Treatment of Osteoporosis

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Michael Davies
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Supplemental Calcium ◽  
Treatable Condition

Osteoporosis is now a treatable condition with an abundance of evidence for the efficacy of certain therapeutic strategies in preventing recurrent fractures. Most of these treatments act by improving bone mineral density through inhibition or reduction of bone resorption. For those women who are unable to take HRT; bisphosphonates, calcium, vitamin D, calcitriol or calcitonin may confer certain benefits. The bisphosphonate alendronate reduces both vertebral and long bone fractures, an effect seen soon after starting treatment. The changes in BMD and fracture reduction are less with the use of etidronate but it is certainly beneficial in reducing recurrent vertebral fracture. In the elderly calcium and vitamin D in combination can reduce non-vertebral and hip fracture and supplemental calcium of 1 g/day has been predicted to reduce bone loss and thus hip fractures by 22%. Evidence that calcitriol or calcitonin reduce fracture incidence is not good but calcitonin has been shown to have analgesic properties in those with acute vertebral fracture. The role of calcitriol is less certain and should be reserved for women with vertebral fractures in whom HRT or bisphosphonates cannot be used.

scholarly journals Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Treatment of Depressive Disorders: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e96905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Grosso ◽  
Andrzej Pajak ◽  
Stefano Marventano ◽  
Sabrina Castellano ◽  
Fabio Galvano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3
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