COVID-19: Role of Nutrition and Supplementation

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (COVID-19) appeared on the world scene, which mainly affects the respiratory system, causing pneumonia and multi-organ failure, and, although it starts with common symptoms such as shortness of breath and fever, in about 2–3% of cases it leads to death. Unfortunately, to date, no specific treatments have been found for the cure of this virus and, therefore, it is advisable to implement all possible strategies in order to prevent infection. In this context, it is important to better define the role of all behaviors, in particular nutrition, in order to establish whether these can both prevent infection and improve the outcome of the disease in patients with COVID-19. In the literature, it is widely shown that states of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity negatively affect the immune system, leading to viral infections, and several studies have shown that nutritional interventions can act as immunostimulators, helping to prevent viral infections. Even if several measures, such as the assumption of a specific diet regimen, the use of dietary supplements, and other similar interventions, are promising for the prevention, management, and recovery of COVID-19 patients, it is important to highlight that strong data from randomized clinical trials are needed to support any such assumption. Considering this particular scenario, we present a literature review addressing several important aspects related to diet and SARS-CoV-2 infection, in order to highlight the importance of diet and supplementation in prevention and management of, as well as recovery from COVID-19.

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THE ROLE OF DEXAMETHASONE DOSING IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19 AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME (ARDS): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Farmaciâ Kazahstana ◽

10.53511/pharmkaz.2021.66.25.005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Ж.К. УТАРОВ ◽

К.К. КУРАКБАЕ

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Distress Syndrome ◽

Lung Ventilation ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Main Effect ◽

The World

Новый тип коронавируса был обнаружен в декабре 2019 года в провинции Ухань Китайской Народной Республики и получил называние SARS-CoV-2, а болезнь назвался COVID-19. Болезнь проявляется многими клиническими симптомами (лихорадка, кашель, одышка, повторяющийся озноб, мышечные боли, головная боль, боль в горле, потеря обоняния (аносмия) и / или вкуса (агевзия) и диарея), но в основном повреждает верхние и нижние дыхательные пути. Поскольку COVID-19 в основном вызывает вирусное поражение легких, многие пациенты попадают в больницу в тяжелом состоянии с острым респираторным дистресссиндромом (ОРДС). Ухудшение состояния при вирусной пневмонии идёт быстрыми темпами, и у многих пациентов уже в течение нескольких часов развивается дыхательная недостаточность, требующая немедленной респираторной поддержки. Учитывая, что новый тип коронавируса пришел в нашу жизнь на десятилетия, уже сейчас необходимо рассмотреть новые направления лечения. В настоящее время рассматриваются различные варианты лечения с целью полного уничтожения вируса или прекращения его дальнейшего развития, в том числе препарат дексаметазон, принадлежащий к группе глюкокортикоидов, который продемонстрировал основную эффективность. На сегодняшний день проведено несколько рандомизированных клинических испытаний (РКИ) с применением дексаметазона, но оптимальная доза и продолжительность применения препарата до сих пор не определены. Currently, a lot of research is being conducted using various medicines to treat COVID-19 disease, which puts the world at a standstill. In particular, we are talking about the drug dexamethasone, which has the main effect on ensuring that patients are not transferred to the intensive care unit and are not connected to articial lung ventilation. Although several randomized clinical trials have been conducted, the dose of dexamethasone has not yet been rened to suppress or stop the cytokine storm.

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Liraglutide for the Treatment of Obesity: Analyzing Published Reviews

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612825666190701155737 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 1783-1790 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rosario Pastor ◽

Josep A. Tur

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Medical Subject Headings ◽

Mesh Terms ◽

Treatment Of Obesity

Background: Several drugs have been currently approved for the treatment of obesity. The pharmacokinetic of liraglutide, as well as the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, have been widely described. Objective: To analyze the published systematic reviews on the use of liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Methods: Systematic reviews were found out through MEDLINE searches, through EBSCO host and the Cochrane Library based on the following terms: "liraglutide" as major term and using the following Medical Subject Headings (MesH) terms: "obesity", "overweight", "weight loss". A total of 3 systematic reviews were finally included to be analyzed. Results: From the three systematic reviews selected, only two included the randomized clinical trials, while the third study reviewed both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. Only one review performed statistical tests of heterogeneity and a meta-analysis, combining the results of individual studies. Another review showed the results of individual studies with odds ratio and confidence interval, but a second one just showed the means and confidence intervals. In all studies, weight loss was registered in persons treated with liraglutide in a dose dependent form, reaching a plateau at 3.0 mg dose, which was reached just in men. Most usual adverse events were gastrointestinal. Conclusion: More powerful and prospective studies are needed to assess all aspects related to liraglutide in the overweight and obesity treatment.

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Recombinant Human Adenovirus-p53 Therapy for the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57050438 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 438

Author(s):

Jagadish Hosmani ◽

Shazia Mushtaq ◽

Shahabe Saquib Abullais ◽

Hussain Mohammed Almubarak ◽

Khalil Assiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Oral Leukoplakia ◽

Research Articles ◽

Original Research ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

The World

Background and Objectives: Oral cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the world and oral leukoplakia is an oral potentially malignant disorder that could develop into oral cancer. This systematic review focusses on randomized clinical trials for recombinant adenovirus p-53 (rAD-p53) therapy for the treatment of oral leukoplakia and cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched for research articles on various databases such as Pubmed/Medline, Embase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infra-structure), Springerlink, cochrane and Web of sciences from 2003 to 2020. MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms were used for the search. Inclusion criteria included original research, randomized clinical trials and articles only in English language. Exclusion criteria were any articles that were not research articles, not randomized trials, non-human studies, etc. The articles were further graded on the Jadad scale. Results: 578 articles were assessed from various databases; only 3 articles were found to be appropriate for this review. Thus, meta-analysis was not performed because of heterogeneity and lack of data. In the three studies, whether rAD-p53 was used as a standalone therapy or with other therapies, there was a beneficial effect of the therapy. Furthermore, there were no serious adverse events and the only adverse events reported were fever, pain at the local injection site, flu-like symptoms and lowered WBC count. Conclusions: Thus, we can conclude that this therapy has a potential for beneficial therapeutic effects and further clinical trials with more patients need to be performed to get better understanding of the effect of rAD-p53 therapy, which probably will pave the way to its approval in other parts of the world.

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Nutritional Support Indications in Gastroesophageal Cancer Patients: From Perioperative to Palliative Systemic Therapy. A Comprehensive Review of the Last Decade

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082766 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2766

Author(s):

Giulia E.G. Mulazzani ◽

Francesca Corti ◽

Serena Della Valle ◽

Maria Di Bartolomeo

Keyword(s):

Gastric Cancer ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Nutritional Support ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Review Literature ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

Oncological Treatment ◽

Gastric Cancer Patients

Gastric cancer treatments are rapidly evolving, leading to significant survival benefit. Recent evidence provided by clinical trials strongly encouraged the use of perioperative chemotherapy as standard treatment for the localized disease, whereas in the advanced disease setting, molecular characterization has improved patients’ selection for tailored therapeutic approaches, including molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy. The role of nutritional therapy is widely recognized, with oncologic treatment’s tolerance and response being better in well-nourished patients. In this review, literature data on strategies or nutritional interventions will be critically examined, with particular regard to different treatment phases (perioperative, metastatic, and palliative settings), with the aim to draw practical indications for an adequate nutritional support of gastric cancer patients and provide an insight on future directions in nutritional strategies. We extensively analyzed the last 10 years of literature, in order to provide evidence that may fit current clinical practice both in terms of nutritional interventions and oncological treatment. Overall, 137 works were selected: 34 Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs), 12 meta-analysis, 9 reviews, and the most relevant prospective, retrospective and cross-sectional studies in this setting. Eleven ongoing trials have been selected from clinicaltrial.gov as representative of current research. One limitation of our work lies in the heterogeneity of the described studies, in terms of sample size, study procedures, and both nutritional and clinical outcomes. Indeed, to date, there are no specific evidence-based guidelines in this fields, therefore we proposed a clinical algorithm with the aim to indicate an appropriate nutritional strategy for gastric cancer patients.

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Role of swasthavritta in preventing lifestyle disorders with reference to obesity.

National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science ◽

10.52482/ayurlog.v8i01.497 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Saiprasad Rathod

Keyword(s):

Life Style ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Curative Effect ◽

Unhealthy Eating ◽

The World ◽

Diet Pattern ◽

Reduce Risk ◽

Day By Day

life style disorders are defined as the disorders linked with the way of people live their life. this is commonly caused by alcohol, drugs and smoking as well as lack of physical activity and unhealthy eating. Diseases that mostly have an effect on our lifestyle are the heart disease, stroke, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. overweight and obesity are the fifth leading risk of global death, worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980. In 2014, more than 1.9 million adult, 18 yrs. and older, were overweight, of these over 600 million men and women were obese. Due to faulty lifestyle and diet pattern the incidence of obesity is increasing day by day all over the world. according to Ayurveda obesity also known as sthoulya or medoroga. according to Ayurveda obesity can lead to many life style disorders. Ayurveda has a great importance to reduce risk of lifestyle disorders. There are so many concepts which will reduce the risk of life style disorders. Acc. To swasthavritta there are so many pathya aahar kalpna, various type of aasanas and yoga described thus, above factors has wonderful preventive and curative effect on obesity.

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Role of economic models in randomized clinical trials

American Heart Journal ◽

10.1016/s0002-8703(99)70427-8 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 137 (5) ◽

pp. S41-S46 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mark A. Hlatky

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Economic Models

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Oral probiotics in women's health: experimental evidence and results from clinical trials

Voprosy ginekologii akušerstva i perinatologii ◽

10.20953/1726-1678-2021-2-102-109 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 102-109

Author(s):

E.V. Shikh ◽

◽

A.A. Makhova ◽

S.S. Sharonova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Treatment Regimens ◽

Probiotic Lactobacilli

The review presents data from experimental research of the anti-inflammatory activity of Lactobacillus paracasei, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus, the antitumor activity of L. rhamnosus GG and GR-1, L. gasseri, L. crispatus. The prospect of using probiotics in cancer treatment regimens with the aim to increase the tolerability of treatment was considered. The data confirming the ability of probiotic lactobacilli (L. reuteri and L. rhamnosus) to enhance barrier functions of endometrial epithelial cells in response to human papillomavirus-1 were presented. The perspectives of using microbiota modulation to prevent and/or protect the reproductive system against infection were discussed. The data of clinical trials using multi-strain probiotics containing Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in women with gestational diabetes were analyzed. A hypothesis on the role of microbiota in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was presented. Research results suggest that the use of probiotics can increase fertility in PCOS. Key words: viral infections, gestational diabetes mellitus, gynecological cancer, oral probiotics, polycystic ovary syndrome, Lactobacillus spp.

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