scholarly journals The Geomicrobiology of Chromium (VI) Pollution: Microbial Diversity and its Bioremediation Potential

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Al-Battashi ◽  
Sanket J. Joshi ◽  
Bernhard Pracejus ◽  
Aliya Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Microbial Utilization ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Low Concentrations

The role and significance of microorganisms in environmental recycling activities marks geomicrobiology one of the essential branches within the environmental biotechnology field. Naturally occurring microbes also play geo-active roles in rocks, leading to biomineralization or biomobilization of minerals and metals. Heavy metals, such as chromium (Cr), are essential micronutrients at very low concentrations, but are very toxic at higher concentrations. Generally, heavy metals are leached to the environment through natural processes or anthropogenic activities such as industrial processes, leading to pollution with serious consequences. The presence of potentially toxic heavy metals, including Cr, in soils does not necessarily result in toxicity because not all forms of metals are toxic. Microbial interaction with Cr by different mechanisms leads to its oxidation or reduction, where its toxicity could be increased or decreased. Chromite contains both Cr(III) and Fe(II) and microbial utilization of Fe(II)- Fe(III) conversion or Cr (III) - Cr (VI) could lead to the break-down of this mineral. Therefore, the extraction of chromium from its mineral as Cr (III) form increases the possibility of its oxidation and conversion to the more toxic form (Cr (VI)), either biologically or geochemically. Cr (VI) is quite toxic to plants, animals and microbes, thus its levels in the environment need to be studied and controlled properly. Several bacterial and fungal isolates showed high tolerance and resistance to toxic Cr species and they also demonstrated transformation to less toxic form Cr (III), and precipitation. The current review highlights toxicity issues associated with Cr species and environmental friendly bioremediation mediated by microorganisms.

scholarly journals Bioindication of Heavy Metals in a Waterfall Outflow Using a Bryophyte Community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narin Printarakul ◽  
Weeradej Meeinkuirt
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
National Park ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Aquatic Bryophytes

Abstract Huay Pah Lahd stream in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Thailand, is potentially vulnerable to nearby anthropogenic activities. In this study, we determined heavy metal accumulation in bryophyte tissue and their growth substrates. Enrichment factors (EFs) of heavy metals were employed to monitor concentrations in bryophyte tissue. Of eight bryophyte taxa investigated, Scopelophila cataractae showed the highest capacity to accumulate metals in tissue, particularly Fe, Zn, Cd and Cu in protonemata (8,026.7, 1,187.2, 16.9 and 530.1 mg kg-1, respectively). Furthermore, the endangered and rare bryophyte taxa S. cataractae and Porella acutifolia were found intermingled with other urban and common aquatic bryophytes. These taxa might be considered sensitive warning organisms for heavy metal stress in stream ecosystems induced by environmental pollution. Because EFs of all heavy metals were < 2, this suggests that natural processes are the key source of heavy metals; furthermore, the environment of this National Park was identified as being heathy, and an important ecosystem buffer and biodiversity haven.

Spatio-temporal variation level of heavy metals in surface water and sediment in Tagwai Lake, Minna, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
V.I. Chukwuemeka ◽  
E.A. Jimoh ◽  
K.O. Olajide ◽  
Y.I. Auta ◽  
H.S. Auta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Standard Range

The high contamination of aquatic systems with toxic heavy metals is of major concern since the elements are not biodegradable. Heavy metals often get into the water through runoff from farmlands and dumping of effluents from industries into the water bodies. The toxicity of these heavy metals can cause harmful and even lethal effects on the human health. The objective of this study was to investigate the level of Pb, Cu, Mn, and Fe in both surface water and sediment of Tagwai Lake. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry investigation was carried out on the collected and digested water and sediment samples to determine the extent of these heavy metals contamination in the water. The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metals ranked in the following order: Pb>Mn>Cu>Fe with higher concentration in sediment compared to the water. The correspondence of the mean concentrations of heavy metals in water and sediment of the Tagwai Lake with the WHO standard suggests that the mean concentration of Pb, Cu, and Fe lies within the standard range while Mn exceeds the standard range in both the water and sediments. We therefore advocate regular surveillance as a tool for monitoring impacts of anthropogenic activities in the lake to ensure safety of the general populace who depend on it for their livelihood. Keywords: spatio-temporal, heavy metals, sediments, Tagwai Lake

Antioxidative and Biochemical Responses in Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Seedlings Growing Under Cobalt and Lead Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
A.K. Tripathi ◽  
M.K. Gupta ◽  
Nemit Verma ◽  
Sohni Sinha ◽  
Amrendra Bhushan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Four Levels

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. is one of the most important timber species of India. It is used for high quality furniture, cabinets making and has pesticidal property. It is commonly planted tree species in urban and suburban areas, roadsides and industrial areas where the soil may be polluted with heavy metals such as Co or Pb. Lead (Pb) and Cobalt (Co) are one of the non essential and toxic heavy metals which can cause oxidative stress in plants. The concentrations of these heavy metals in the environment are currently increasing, due mainly to anthropogenic activities. The effect of these heavy metals on biochemical parameters and antioxidant activity were studied in leaves of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. grown under control laboratory conditions in pot culture and four levels of heavy metal stress (10, 20, 30 and 40ppm Pb2+, Co2+). Six months exposure of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. plantlets to different concentration of Co or Pb in normal soil conditions elicited an antioxidative response, measured in terms of ascorbic acid, proline accumulation and biochemical responses in terms of protein and free amino acids. The results indicate that the proline, ascorbic acid contents increased with increase in Co and Pb amount in soil whereas the protein and total chlorophyll contents showed opposite trend.

Kandungan Merkuri dalam Ikan Konsumsi di Wilayah Bantul dan Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suratno Suratno ◽  
Muhammad Reza Cordova ◽  
Silke Arinda
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
The People ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Saltwater Fish ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Long Time

<strong>Mercury Content in Commercial Fishes of Bantul Areas and Yogyakarta. </strong> Mercury Content in Commercial Fishes of Bantul Areas and Yogyakarta Fish is an important energy source for the body and has many functions for human health. Hence, the fish are highly favored for consumption by the public. However, the fish has the ability to accumulate heavy metals. One type of dangerous heavy metals and can accumulate in fish is mercury because it has high toxicity at low concentrations. The presence of contaminants from anthropogenic activities that are not processed previously, makes the fish a potential hoarder for heavy metals. This study examined the concentration of mercury in freshwater fish and saltwater fish consumed by the people of Bantul areas and Yogyakarta. Fish samples were collected on 29–30 August 2015 from Prawirotaman Market, supermarket, Embankment on the River Code, and purchased from fishermen in Depok Beach. Analysis of mercury concentrations in fish was done using mercury analyzer NIC MA-3000. The results indicated that the fish with the eating habits of benthivore and planktivore accumulated higher mercury than omninore and carnivore fish. The concentration of mercury in the fish examined does not exceed the threshold of the WHO standard, BPOM-RI, and European Union standards. However, the people need to be alert on mercury bioaccumulative properties, especially when consuming the fish having accumulated mercury continuously for a long time.

scholarly journals Detection, Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals/Metalloids, Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in Goat Carcasses Processed for Human Consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 798
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O. Njoga ◽  
Ekene V. Ezenduka ◽  
Chiazor G. Ogbodo ◽  
Chukwuka U. Ogbonna ◽  
Ishmael F. Jaja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Kidney Liver

Notwithstanding the increased toxic heavy metals/metalloids (THMs) accumulation in (edible) organs owed to goat′s feeding habit and anthropogenic activities, the chevon remains increasingly relished as a special delicacy in Nigeria. Specific to the South-Eastern region, however, there is paucity of relevant data regarding the prevalence of THMs in goat carcasses processed for human consumption. This work was, therefore, aimed to investigate the detection, distribution and health risk assessment of THMs in goat carcass processed for human consumption in South-Eastern Nigeria. To achieve this, a total of 450 meat samples (kidney, liver and muscle) were evaluated from 150 randomly selected goat carcasses processed in two major slaughterhouses in Enugu State. The detection, distribution, as well as health risk assessment parameters followed standard procedures. Results revealed that at least one THM was detected in 56% of the carcasses. Mean concentrations of arsenic (As) were 0.53 ± 0.10 mg/kg, 0.57 ± 0.09 mg/kg and 0.45 ± 0.08 mg/kg, lead (Pb) were 0.48 ± 0.38 mg/kg, 0.45 ± 0.24 mg/kg and 0.82 ± 0.39 mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) was 0.06 ± 0.32 mg/kg, 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg, and 0.02 ± 0.00 mg/kg for kidney, liver and muscle tissues, respectively. The estimated daily intakes (EDI) for all THMs were above the recommended safe limits. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and hazard index (HI) computed for all As, Cd and Pb fell below unity in all the studied organs, which indicated no non-carcinogenic risks. Curtailing the anthropogenic activities that aid the THM-contamination in goat production/processing lines is recommended. Screening for THM-contamination in Nigerian slaughterhouses is imperative, so as to ascertain the toxicological safety of meats intended for human consumption.

scholarly journals Geochemical investigations regarding the variability of metal pollution in the Amvrakikos Bay, Greece.

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Anthropogenic Effect ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Marine Zone ◽  
Source Of Pollution

<p>The Amvrakikos Bay is one of the most important ecosystems in the Mediterranean with great environmental, ecological and biological value. However, over the years, water quality has suffered severe degradation and is now one of the most polluted environmental areas in Greece. In the present study, using the analytical data of concentrations of precipitated metal deposits at the bottom of Amvrakikos Gulf, at its three largest lagoons: Logaros, Tsoukalio and Rodia, and by applying the indicators PLI, Igeo and EF, an assessment of the level of pollution of the area was made. The use of these indicators may show the degree of pollution of the area with heavy metals, and reveal the source of pollution i,e. whether the heavy metals are of anthropogenic or of natural processes, assessing simultaneously the degree of anthropogenic effect. Based on the PLI indicator, the marine zone in Menidi and Paliovarka as well as the Rodia and Tsoukalio lagoons are considered to be polluted. According to the Igeo Index, the sampling areas are unchanged to slightly burden by heavy metals. The largest charge is caused by Ni, followed by Mn and Pb. Based on EF, the concentrations of Cr, Mn, Co, Pb and Ni are significantly influenced by the various anthropogenic activities.</p>

scholarly journals Spatial Variation and Source of Dissolved Heavy Metals in the Lancangjiang River, Southwest China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liang ◽  
Guilin Han ◽  
Jie Zeng ◽  
Rui Qu ◽  
Man Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Dissolved Heavy Metals ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Potential Risks

Dissolved heavy metals are not only the essential micronutrients, but also the toxic elements for human bodies. To investigate the heavy metal sources and assess the water quality of the Lancangjiang River, dissolved Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, and Pb were detected in this study. The results show that dissolved Ni and Mo, Cr and Pb, and Cu and Zn were similarly distributed within the drainage basin. The correlation analysis exhibited that dissolved Ni and Mo had correlation with water parameter, and dissolved Cu was weakly correlated with Ni, indicating that they might be affected by natural processes. The principal component analysis explained 68.342% of the total variance for three principal components, of which dissolved Ni, Mo, and Cu were controlled by natural inputs; dissolved Cu and Cr were affected by anthropogenic activities; and dissolved Zn was influenced by agricultural activities in the downstream. The water quality showed that the water in upstream was worse than in midstream and downstream, and the whole drainage basin had water of excellent quality. Water within the drainage basin poses no risks to human bodies via daily diets and dermal routes. Dissolved Zn, Cu, and Mo occupied the major proportion of heavy metals transporting into the Mekong River. The agricultural inputs of dissolved Zn might pose potential risks to the Mekong River.

scholarly journals MODELADO DE METALES PESADOS EN EL FLUJO DE AGUA Y LODOS DEL ECOSISTEMA BENTÓNICO DEL RÍO BOGOTÁ – COLOMBIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Pinzón Uribe
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Magdalena River ◽  
Del Rio

Industrial processes have created environmental problems because of the discharge of pollutants into the environment. Especially the water bodies have been contaminated by HM heavy metals. The Bogotá river has registered a considerable increase in these HM as it advances in its channel towards the Magdalena river without its effects on the benthic ecosystem have been established. The present study used the Bogotá river as a study source. This is born in the municipality of Villapinzón-Colombia and empties into the Magdalena River. The selected sampling points correspond to sectors where anthropogenic activities are carried out. The results showed the relation of its concentration for various metals, developing for each one the calibration curves in the water and the sediments. Although high concentrations were obtained in some sectors, they were within the parameters established by Colombian legislation.

scholarly journals Effect of Chromium(VI) Toxicity on Enzymes of Nitrogen Metabolism in Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punesh Sangwan ◽  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
U. N. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Chromium Vi ◽  
Low Concentrations

Heavy metals are the intrinsic component of the environment with both essential and nonessential types. Their excessive levels pose a threat to plant growth and yield. Also, some heavy metals are toxic to plants even at very low concentrations. The present investigation (a pot experiment) was conducted to determine the affects of varying chromium(VI) levels (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg chromium(VI) kg−1 soil in the form of potassium dichromate) on the key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in clusterbean. Chromium treatment adversely affect nitrogenase, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase in various plant organs at different growth stages as specific enzyme activity of these enzymes decreased with an increase in chromium(VI) levels from 0 to 2.0 mg chromium(VI) kg−1 soil and 4.0 mg chromium(VI) kg−1 soil was found to be lethal to clusterbean plants. In general, the enzyme activity increased with advancement of growth to reach maximum at flowering stage and thereafter decreased at grain filling stage.

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