scholarly journals Pain Behavior Changes Following Disc Puncture Relate to Nucleus Pulposus Rather than to the Disc Injury Per Se: An Experimental Study in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Nilsson ◽  
Toshio Nakamae ◽  
Kjell Olmarker
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Wet Dog Shakes ◽  
Sham Exposure ◽  
Spontaneous Behavior ◽  
Disc Injury ◽  
Ventral Disc ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Induced Changes

It has previously been demonstrated that disc puncture in the rat induced changes in grooming and wet dog shakes, two behavioral changes that may be linked to discomfort and neuropathic pain. In this study the aim was to separate the effects of disc injury and the epidural presence of nucleus pulposus. Following anesthesia, the L4-5 disc was exposed using a dorsal approach. Ten rats received a superficial disc injury without nucleus pulposus leakage and ten rats received nucleus pulposus from a donor rat without disc injury. In ten animals the L4-5 disc was punctured using a ventral approach, with 10 corresponding controls. Spontaneous behavior was assessed after surgery. The data was matched to historical control of dorsal sham surgery and disc puncture. The study showed that the effects of nucleus pulposus were more pronounced than the effects induced by the disc injury. Ventral disc puncture did not induce any behavioral changes different from sham exposure. In conclusion, the data from the study indicate that behavioral changes induced by disc puncture are more likely to relate to the epidural presence of nucleus pulposus than the disc injury per se.

scholarly journals The Potential Contribution of Current Health Care Zeitgeists to the Success of Health and Wellness Coaches

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 456-458
Author(s):  
Jon P. Gray ◽  
Katherine R. Arlinghaus ◽  
Craig A. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Extended Care

Chronic disease is challenging to treat because treatment often requires lifestyle behavior changes. In recent years the use of health and wellness coaches (HWC) has emerged as a way to support patients making behavioral changes. The use of HWCs has resulted in improved management of chronic disease for many patients. The success of HWCs is often thought to be due to the extended care they provide and the behavioral modification techniques they promote such as goal setting and self-monitoring. This article describes how HWC’s conformity to the current health care zeitgeist of personalized, holistic care may be another reason for their success.

scholarly journals Tramadol effects on clinical variables and the mechanical nociceptive threshold in horses

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Guimarães Franco ◽  
Juan Carlos Duque Moreno ◽  
Antônio Raphael Teixeira Neto ◽  
Moisés Caetano e Souza ◽  
Luiz Antônio Franco da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Nociceptive Threshold ◽  
Mechanical Nociceptive Threshold

This study assessed the clinical effects and the mechanical antinociceptive potential of intravenous (IV) tramadol in horses.A blinded and randomized study was designed with 7 horses treated with 1 (Tr1), 2 (Tr2) or 3 (Tr3) mg kg-1 of tramadol IV. The heart rate, respiratory rate (fR), arterial pressure, degree of sedation, gastrointestinal motility (GI), behavior changes and the mechanical nociceptive threshold (MNT) were evaluated. The MNT was determined with von Frey device method.Tr3 had a significant increase in their fR and more pronounced behavioral changes than other treatments.The Tr1 showed a significant increase in arterial pressure. The GI reduced significantly, mainly in Tr2. The tramadol did not change the MNT of the horses.The clinical alterations observed with the different treatments were considered mild and transitory, being most evident in Tr2. However the tramadol did not have any analgesic effect with any of the doses evaluated.

scholarly journals Behavioral Changes to Repeated Takeovers in Highly Automated Driving: Effects of the Takeover-Request Design and the Nondriving-Related Task Modality

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Roche ◽  
Anna Somieski ◽  
Stefan Brandenburg
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Task Modality ◽  
Highly Automated Driving

Objective: We investigated drivers’ behavior and subjective experience when repeatedly taking over their vehicles’ control depending on the design of the takeover request (TOR) and the modality of the nondriving-related task (NDRT). Background: Previous research has shown that taking over vehicle control after highly automated driving provides several problems for drivers. There is evidence that the TOR design and the NDRT modality may influence takeover behavior and that driver behavior changes with more experience. Method: Forty participants were requested to resume control of their simulated vehicle six times. The TOR design (auditory or visual-auditory) and the NDRT modality (auditory or visual) were varied. Drivers’ takeover behavior, gaze patterns, and subjective workload were recorded and analyzed. Results: Results suggest that drivers change their behavior to the repeated experience of takeover situations. An auditory TOR leads to safer takeover behavior than a visual-auditory TOR. And with an auditory TOR, the takeover behavior improves with experience. Engaging in the visually demanding NDRT leads to fewer gazes on the road than the auditory NDRT. Participants’ fixation duration on the road decreased over the three takeovers with the visually demanding NDRT. Conclusions: The results imply that (a) drivers change their behavior to repeated takeovers, (b) auditory TOR designs might be preferable over visual-auditory TOR designs, and (c) auditory demanding NDRTs allow drivers to focus more on the driving scene. Application: The results of the present study can be used to design TORs and determine allowed NDRTs in highly automated driving.

Carbohydrate concentrations and interactions in afterripening-responsive dormantAvena fatuacaryopses induced to germinate by gibberellic acid

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Foley ◽  
M. B. Nichols ◽  
S. P. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Excised Embryos

AbstractIt has been proposed that gibberellic acid (GA3) promotes germination by overcoming restrictions in sugar production and utilization in afterripening-responsive dormant caryopses. While their germination rates were similar, germination commenced sooner in afterripened wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) caryopses than in dormant caryopses treated with GA3and dormant excised embryos treated with GA3plus fructose (Fru). Limited germination occurred in dormant excised embryos cultured with GA3alone. Carbohydrate concentrations were measured over time in dormant caryopses and excised embryos whose germination was induced with GA3and GA3plus Fru. The concentration of sucrose (Suc) in the endosperm declined prior to germination of dormant GA3-treated caryopses. Raffinose (Raf) family oligosaccharides in the embryos of dormant GA-treated caryopses remained relatively constant prior to and shortly after the onset of germination. In contrast, Raf family oligosaccharides in the embryos of afterripened caryopses declined prior to germination. Together this suggests Raf family oligosaccharide utilization is not associated with germinationper se.Increased starch levels, which occurred in dormant excised embryos treated with Fru and GA3plus Fru, were associated with dormancy because similar effects were not apparent in afterripened embryos cultured with Fru. An initial decline in the concentration of Raf family oligosaccharides in dormant embryos cultured with GA3or GA3plus Fru seems to be a result of the excision process. GA3appears to stimulate the germination of dormant embryos by enhancing the uptake or utilization of Fru. It appears that GA3and afterripening-induced changes in carbohydrate utilization in dormant caryopses are different.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Flash Patterns Track the Nocturnal Behavior of Sympatric Taiwanese Fireflies

Biology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
King-Siang Goh ◽  
Chia-Ming Lee ◽  
Tzi-Yuan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Sympatric Population ◽  
Flash Duration ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analyses ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Suitable Reference ◽  
And Behavior

It is highly challenging to evaluate the species’ content and behavior changes in wild fireflies, especially for a sympatric population. Here, the flash interval (FI) and flash duration (FD) of flying males from three sympatric species (Abscondita cerata, Luciola kagiana, and Luciola curtithorax) were investigated for their potentials in assessing species composition and nocturnal behaviors during the A. cerata mating season. Both FI and FD were quantified from the continuous flashes of adult fireflies (lasting 5–30 s) via spatiotemporal analyses of video recorded along the Genliao hiking trail in Taipei, Taiwan. Compared to FD patterns and flash colors, FI patterns exhibited the highest species specificity, making them a suitable reference for differentiating firefly species. Through the case study of a massive occurrence of A. cerata (21 April 2018), the species contents (~85% of the flying population) and active periods of a sympatric population comprising A. cerata and L. kagiana were successfully evaluated by FI pattern matching, as well as field specimen collections. Our study suggests that FI patterns may be a reliable species-specific luminous marker for monitoring the behavioral changes in a sympatric firefly population in the field, and has implication values for firefly conservation.

scholarly journals South Asian Heart Risk Assessment (SAHARA): Randomized Controlled Trial Design and Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Samaan ◽  
Karleen M Schulze ◽  
Catherine A. Middleton ◽  
Jane Irvine ◽  
Phillip Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Asian Origin ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Health Behavior Changes ◽  
Multimedia Intervention

Background: People of South Asian origin suffer a high burden of premature myocardial infarction (MI). South Asians form a growing proportion of the Canadian population and preventive strategies to mitigate the risk of MI in this group are needed. Prior studies have shown that multimedia interventions are effective and feasible in inducing health behavior changes among the obese, smokers, and among those who are sedentary. Objective: Among at-risk South Asians living in Canada, our objectives are to determine: (1) the feasibility of a culturally tailored multimedia intervention to induce positive behavioral changes associated with reduced MI risk factors, and (2) the effectiveness and acceptability of information communicated by individualized MI and genetic risk score (GRS) reports. Methods: The South Asian HeArt Risk Assessment (SAHARA) pilot study enrolled 367 individuals of South Asian origin recruited from places of worship and community centers in Ontario, Canada. MI risk factors including the 9p21 genetic variant status were provided to all participants after the baseline visit. Participants were randomly allocated to receive a multimedia intervention or control. The intervention group selected health goals and received personalized health messages to promote adherence to their selected goals. After 6 months, all participants had their MI risk factors repeated. The methods and results of this study are reported based on the CONSORT-EHEALTH guidelines. Results: The mean age of participants was 53.8 years (SD 11.4), 52.0% (191/367) were women, and 97.5% (358/367) were immigrants to Canada. The mean INTERHEART risk score was 13.0 (SD 5.8) and 73.3% (269/367) had one or two copies of the risk allele for the 9p21 genetic variant. Both the intervention and control groups made some progress in health behavior changes related to diet and physical activity over 6 months. Participants reported that their risk score reports motivated behavioral changes, although half of the participants could not recall their risk scores at the end of study evaluation. Some components of the multimedia intervention were not widely used such as logging onto the website to set new health goals, and participants requested having more personal interactions with the study team.

scholarly journals Do Maternal Micronutrient Deficiencies Program the Body Composition and Behavior of the Offspring? Probable Underlying Mechanisms

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (04) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Anand Kumar Kalle ◽  
Shampa Ghosh ◽  
Anju Elizabeth Thomas ◽  
Raghunath Manchala
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mn Deficiency ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Induced Changes

AbstractObesity and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes are epidemic in India. Developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis, based on epidemiological evidence, associates maternal undernutrition and low birth weight (LBW) of the offspring with increased obesity and diabetes in their later life. Considering widespread maternal micronutrient (MN) deficiencies, LBW, and NCDs in India, we tested the hypothesis, “maternal MN deficiency per se programs the offspring for obesity and increases risk for NCDs in their later life” in rodent models. We showed in Wistar rat offspring that maternal MN (single or combined) deficiency per se: (1) increased body fat (visceral fat) and altered lipid metabolism, (2) decreased lean body and fat free mass, and (3) altered muscle function and altered glucose tolerance/metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Rehabilitation prevented vitamin but not mineral restriction-induced changes in offspring, which showed partial mitigation. Increased oxidative/steroid stress, decreased antioxidant status, and inflammatory state were the associated common mechanisms in the offspring. Our attempts to assess the role of epigenetics showed that folate and/or vitamin B12 deficiencies altered mother’s body composition besides that of the offspring. Additionally, in C57BL/6 mice, B12 deficiency-induced anxiety was observed in mothers and offspring. That expressions of histone modifying enzymes in mice brain and promoter methylation of adiponectin, leptin, and 11βHSD1 genes in rat offspring were altered in MN (B12 and Mg) deficiency suggested that altered epigenetics most likely plays a role in maternal MN deficiency-induced changes in body fat/lipid metabolism and anxiety-like behavior in mothers and offspring.

Preoptic norepinephrine-induced hypothermia is mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. R407-R411 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Quan ◽  
L. Xin ◽  
A. L. Ungar ◽  
C. M. Blatteis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
Metabolic Heat ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Skin Temperatures ◽  
Alpha Antagonist

We have shown previously that norepinephrine (NE) microdialyzed into the preoptic area of conscious guinea pigs evokes a fall in core temperature (Tco) that is mediated by a reduction in metabolic rate. To identify the adrenoceptor subtype(s) involved in this effect, we microdialyzed intrapreoptically various adrenergic agonists or antagonists singly or in combinations. Tco and ear skin temperatures of the animals were monitored throughout the experiments. alpha 1-, beta-, beta 1-, and beta 2-agonists and antagonists did not induce significant Tco changes. Although the alpha 2-antagonists yohimbine (Yoh) and rauwolscine (Rau) did not have thermal effects per se, the alpha 2-agonist clonidine evoked dose-dependent Tco falls that were abolished by codialyzed Yoh and Rau. The microdialysis of NE evoked, as before, a 0.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C Tco fall; it was abolished by the codialyzed alpha-antagonist phentolamine, Yoh, and Rau but not by the beta-antagonist propranolol. No adrenoceptor agonist induced changes in ear skin temperature. These results indicate that the hypothermizing effect of intrapreoptically microdialyzed NE is achieved by a reduction in metabolic heat production, mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors.

Recent Developments in the Neuroendocrinology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (S2) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Yehuda
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Event ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Per Se

In 1980, the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was established to recognize that exposure to events such as rape, physical assault, torture, or combat can leave long-lasting psychological scars in persons who undergo these experiences. The intention of the diagnosis was to acknowledge that exposure to a traumatic event was a sufficient explanation for the occurrence of longterm psychological problems. Prior to this formulation, stressful events were thought to precipitate symptoms that would resolve over time. The symptoms manifested by persons following adverse events were characterized as transient adjustment reactions. Longerterm symptoms were considered to be a reflection of underlying neurosis, rather than stress exposure per se.The diagnosis of PTSD provided a paradigm for acknowledging that exposure to devastating trauma can produce symptoms that can be quite severe and chronic in nature. Although many of the symptoms of PTSD were similar to those that occur in other anxiety or mood disorders, the hallmark of PTSD appeared to be a preoccupation with the traumatic event and a resultant set of behavioral changes that occurred because of attempts to avoid reminders of the event.

Using model differencing to reason about observable behavior changes of manufacturing systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (10) ◽  
pp. 795-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Pietsch ◽  
Udo Kelter ◽  
Christopher Haubeck ◽  
Winfried Lamersdorf ◽  
Abhishek Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
System Monitoring ◽  
Model Differencing

Abstract Understanding changes in a manufacturing system is of utmost importance to effectively manage its evolution. This article proposes a pattern-based approach for capturing and describing behavioral changes by integrating recent advantages in the fields of system monitoring and model differencing. Observed changes are described as lifted model differences between two model versions. This helps in explaining observable evolution with a change-first approach.

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