scholarly journals Best Prophylactic Strategy in Groups at Risk of Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome Development: Comparison Between Atropine Instillation and Adrenaline Intracameral Injection

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Nuzzi ◽  
Paolo Arnoffi ◽  
Federico Tridico
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Atropine Sulfate ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Intracameral Injection ◽  
Valuable Result

Background: Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS) is an important cause of surgical complications and iris defects in patients undergoing phacoemulsification that were treated with selective subtype α1A receptor antagonists for a long period of time. To date, no definitive preventive strategy has emerged, yet. The need of prophylaxis is dictated by the high prevalence of males affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia undergoing cataract surgery. Objective: To identify the best prophylactic strategy in groups at risk of IFIS development by comparing two mydriatic treatments in course of phacoemulsification surgery. Methods: 81 eyes of 81 patients in treatment with Tamsulosin were enrolled in the study. 43 eyes were treated with atropine sulfate 1% while 38 eyes received an injection of mydriatic solution containing epinephrine in the anterior chamber. All phacoemulsifications were videotaped in order to assess the occurrence of IFIS and the severity of the syndrome. Results: The treatment group showed a statistically significant reduction (p = 0.0115) of floppy iris syndrome incidence, from 86.05% (37/43) of the atropine group to 60.53% (23/38). The analysis showed a reduction of IFIS mild form only, whereas the incidence of severe forms remained unchanged. Conclusions: We believe that IFIS may arise through two different mechanisms: pharmacological antagonism and anatomical modifications. Patients suffering from mild forms of the disease showed a statistically significant reduction of IFIS incidence after intraoperative prophylaxis due to epinephrine’s ability to displace Tamsulosin, resulting in the increase of iris tone when the disease is caused mainly by receptorial antagonism. On the contrary, prophylaxis does not deliver any valuable result in case of severe forms where the anatomical variations play a major role.

Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

scholarly journals High prevalence of sexually transmitted coinfections among at-risk people living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuan-Yin Lin ◽  
Hsin-Yun Sun ◽  
Tai-Fen Lee ◽  
Yu-Chung Chuang ◽  
Un-In Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Comparison of Risk Factors in Patients with Normal Arteries and Coronary Disease After Infarction

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Durairaj ◽  
A. H. Khan ◽  
L. J. Haywood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Acute Attack ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Artery Disease

Risk factors were compared in 42 patients (pts) with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 18 with radiographically patent arteries (RPA) on angiography performed three weeks to six months after documented myocardial infarction (Ml). All pts had typical clinical and laboratory findings during the acute attack. All pts were below age 50 and both groups had a similar distribution of racial background (Caucasian, black and Mexican-American). Psychiatric problems were not more frequent in either group. The data demonstrated a high prevalence of standard risk factors in the CAD group for hypertension (28 of 42 = 67%), hypercholesterolemia (25 of 42 = 60%) and smoking (17 of 42 = 64%), and similarly high prevalence of smoking (16 of 18 = 89%), heavy labor (12 of 18 = 61%) and obesity (9 of 18 = 50%) in the RPA group. Factors significantly more common in the CAD group as compared to the RPA group by the Chi Square test were:Hypertension (P < 0.001), hypercholesterolemia (P < 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), and family history (P < 0.05). Factors more common in the RPA group were heavy alcohol consumption (P < 0.001), smoking (P < 0.05), heavy laborer occupation (P < 0.001) and obesity (P < 0.001). The data suggest that risk factor screening would identify individuals at risk from coronary artery disease but would be unreliable in identifying individuals at risk for MI with RPA. Further study is indicated to determine what factors operate to produce ischemia and infarction in the RPA group of pts.

scholarly journals Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy in the Management of a Large Proximal Ureteric Stone: A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Mohammad A H Aly Freeg ◽  
Anu V Ranade ◽  
Jayakumary Muttappallymyalil ◽  
Tarek F A Ghaffar
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Ureteric Stone ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Acute Flank Pain

Urinary stone disease still persists as a major health care problem due to its high prevalence. The management of patients with ureteral stones still remains under debate in several areas. There are different therapeutic approaches for ureteral stones depending on stone size, location, anatomical variations of the urogenital tract and patient performance. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) being the main stay of treatment of choice for the stones, the management of large stone remains a point of discussion. With the latest advance in technology coupled with knowledge, there have been recent changes in therapeutic options for ureteric stones. Therefore, the treatment approaches may be individualized in order to achieve optimum outcomes. This article reports on a case of a large proximal ureteric stone with acute flank pain and hematuria managed by ESWL. Key words: Urinary stone; Ureteric stone; ESWL.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i2.5144 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1 (2):70-73

scholarly journals Estimating the indirect prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Switzerland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cottler-Casanova ◽  
Jasmine Abdulcadir
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
The Past ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Female Genital

Abstract ObjectiveTo update the indirect prevalence estimates for women and girls living with Female Genital Mutilation Cutting (FGM/C) in Switzerland, using data from the Swiss Federal Statistical Office of migrant women and girls born in one of the 30 high-prevalence FGM/C countries that are currently living in Switzerland. MethodsWe used Yoder and Van Baelen’s “Extrapolation of FGM/C Countries’ Prevalence Data” method, where we applied DHS and MICS prevalence figures from the 30 countries when FGM/C is practiced, and applied them to the immigrant women and girls living in Switzerland from the same 30 countries.ResultsIn 2010, the estimated indirect prevalence was 9,059 whereas in 2018, the estimated indirect prevalence was 21,706 women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C.ConclusionOver the past decade, there have been significant increases in the number of estimated women and girls living with or at risk of FGM/C in Switzerland due to the increase in the total number of women and girls originally coming form the countries where the practice of FGM/C is traditional.

ANALISIS RISIKO PRODUKSI USAHA SARANG BURUNG WALET (Collacalia Fuciphagus) DI KABUPATEN TANA TIDUNG

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anang Sulistyo ◽  
Megawati Ayu Putri
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Air Ventilation ◽  
Risk Source ◽  
Weather Changes

AbstrakMembangun usaha sarang burung walet rumahan bukanlah hal yang mudah, selain harus benar-benar memahami cara mendatangkan burung,merawat sarang sampai tahap panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk, 1) mengetahui sumber–sumber risiko produksi dan  dampaknya terhadap usaha sarang burung walet; 2) merumuskan strategi mengatasi risiko produksi usaha sarang burung walet di Kabupaten Tana Tidung. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 30 peternak sarang walet di Kecamatan Sesayap Kabupaten Tana Tidung. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif, analisis probabilitas, Z-score dan Value At Risk (VaR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber–sumber risiko produksi usaha sarang burung walet yang teridentifikasi yaitu perubahan cuaca dan kesalahan tenaga kerja. Sumber risiko terbesar adalah perubahan cuaca pada periode ke II dengan probabilitas sebesar 72% dan dampak yang paling sebesar pada periode ke III sebesar Rp. 2.630.704. Sedangkan sumber risiko kesalahan tenaga kerja pada periode II dengan probabilitas sebesar 68% dan dampak yang paling besar pada periode ke I sebesar Rp. 589.111. Strategi penanganan sumber risiko perubahan cuaca/iklim dengan strategi preventif yaitu membuat ventilasi udara dan menggunakan alat pengukur thermo hygrometer, selanjutnya strategi mitigasi yaitu pengisian air menggunakan wadah bak atau baskom. Sumber risiko kesalahan tenaga kerja menggunakan strategi preventif yaitu memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan melalui penyuluhan. Kata Kunci : Sarang Burung Walet, Sumber Risiko, Analisis Risiko, Penanganan Risiko AbstractBuilding a home swallow nest business is not easy, apart from having to really understand how to bring in birds, care for the nest until the harvest stage. This study aims to, 1) determine the sources of production risk and their impact on swallow's nest business; 2) formulating a strategy to overcome the risk of production in the swallow's nest business in Tana Tidung Regency. This research was conducted on 30 swallow nest breeders in Sesayap District, Tana Tidung Regency. The analysis used is descriptive analysis, probability analysis, Z-score and Value At Risk (VaR). The results showed that the identified sources of risk in the production of swallow's nest business were weather changes and labor errors. The biggest risk source is weather changes in the second period with a probability of 72% and the greatest impact in the third period of Rp. 2,630,704. While the source of the risk of labor error in period II with a probability of 68% and the greatest impact in the first period of Rp. 589,111. The strategy for handling the risk source of weather / climate change with a preventive strategy is to make air ventilation and use a thermo hygrometer measuring device, then the mitigation strategy is to fill water using a tub or basin container. The source of the risk of labor error using a preventive strategy, namely providing knowledge and skills through counseling.. Keywords: Swallow's Nest, Risk Sources, Risk Analysis, Risk Management

scholarly journals Age, Race, and At-Risk Drinking in an HIV-infected U.S. Military Cohort

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (5-6) ◽  
pp. e263-e267
Author(s):  
Morgan Byrne ◽  
Robert Deiss ◽  
Octavio Mesner ◽  
Margaret Glancey ◽  
Anuradha Ganesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Caucasian Race ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Risk Drinking ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Introduction There is a high prevalence of at-risk drinking in the U.S. military. Among HIV-infected individuals, alcohol abuse confers additional risk for adverse health outcomes. In the military, however, the characteristics of HIV-infected individuals who engage in high-risk drinking are not well defined. The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors associated with at-risk drinking in an HIV-positive longitudinal cohort of DoD beneficiaries. Materials and Methods Annual prevalence of at-risk drinking was calculated for members of the U.S. Military HIV Natural History Study who initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) during or after January 2006 through May 2014; each participant completed at least one self-reported alcohol survey within a year of HAART initiation. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with at-risk drinking. Results Sixty-six percent of subjects (495/752) reported at-risk drinking on at least one survey after HAART initiation. At-risk drinkers were more likely to be Active Duty compared to Retired (OR 0.65 95% CI [0.46, 0.92]). In multivariate models, Caucasian race (OR 3.30 95% CI [2.31, 4.71]); Hispanic/other race (OR 2.17 95% CI [1.51, 3.14]) and younger age (OR 0.61 per 10 years older, [95%CI 0.49, 0.75]) were significantly associated with at-risk drinking. Single relationship status (OR 1.51 95% CI [1.08, 2.13]) was also associated with at-risk drinking. Conclusions Consistent with general alcohol consumption patterns in the military, we found a high prevalence of at-risk drinking among individuals with HIV infection, which was associated most closely with young, non-African Americans. Targeting interventions toward this group will be important to reduce at-risk drinking and its potential for HIV-related complications.

scholarly journals Overweight in Southeastern Pennsylvania Children: 2002 Household Health Survey Data

2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth B. Rappaport ◽  
Jessica M. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Older Children ◽  
White Children ◽  
Early School ◽  
High Prevalence

Objective. The authors sought to estimate the prevalence of overweight and risk for overweight and to examine relationships between body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics among children in Philadelphia and four neighboring counties. Methods. Data from the 2002 Philadelphia Health Management Corporation Household Health Survey was examined. Results. Of 2,621 children aged 2 to 17 years, 36% were overweight or at risk for overweight and 23% were overweight. Prevalences of overweight and at risk for overweight were higher among younger children than among older children and adolescents. African American, Hispanic, and Asian children had higher prevalences than non-Hispanic white children. Childhood overweight was positively associated with household poverty, lower educational status, and higher BMI in the adult survey respondents. Conclusions. The observed inverse relationship between age and the prevalence of overweight among Southeastern Pennsylvania children and adolescents differs from previous reports of the prevalence of overweight in samples of U.S. children and adolescents. The high prevalence of overweight among children aged 2 to 9 years should focus attention on improving nutrition and increasing opportunities for physical activity and exercise among preschool and early school-age children.

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