scholarly journals Barriers of Cataract Surgery in South Timor Tengah, East Nusa Tenggara-Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Ni Made Ari Suryathi ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Made Juliari ◽  
Ari Andayani ◽  
I Wayan Gede Jayanegara ◽  
NLMN Ratnasari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Health System ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
The Cost

Background: WHO shows that cataract is a major cause of avoidable blindness. The Purpose of this research is to find data related to blindness and visual impairment caused by senile cataracts. Barriers of cataract surgery in patient with senile cataract is a very favorable factor in this study. Method: Study design using cross-sectional method, data were collected from Ume Manekan Hospital November 2017. Assessment was done by clinical ophthalmologist evaluating the characteristics, type of cataract, visual acuity, and barriers to cataract surgery. Result: Total subjects in this study are 109. Prevalence of mature cataract is 55 (51%). Barriers most cataract surgery in this study is the inability of the community to pay the cost of surgery 54 (49.5%), followed by the lack of access to treatment that is 33 (30%), fearing the results of operations 15 (13.8%) and felt that treatment is not needed 7 (6.4%). The category of most vision loss in the operated eye was found in the blindness group (<3/60), 100 (91.8%) and followed by Severe Visual Impairment category (9/ 60-3 / 60) (8.2%). Conclusion: Eye health system that must be well prepared at the level of regional holder considering the number of blindness due to high enough cataracts in TTS Timor Tengah Selatan district.

scholarly journals Prevalence and causes of visual impairment and blindness among school children in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Abdul Rauf Awan ◽  
Junaid Jamshed ◽  
Muhammad Mushtaq Khan ◽  
Zahid Latif
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Health ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Vision loss<strong> </strong>in childhood has serious implications in all stages of child’s growth and development. It poses social, educational and occupational challenges, with affected children being at greater risk of developing behavioral, psychological and emotional problems, lower self-esteem and poorer social integration. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and identify the causes of visual impairment and blindness in school children of UC Gojra, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan so that prevention strategies could be implemented.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a<strong> </strong>school-based descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among public and private schools. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used for selecting study participants aged 5-20 years from 24 schools in Muzaffarabad. The vision of school children was examined for visual acuity using standard Snellen chart. Those participants who had visual acuity of &lt;6/18 in either eye underwent a more detailed ophthalmic examination to diagnose the causes of VI. An exploration of demographic variables was conducted using Chi-square test.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of participants was 10±2.83.<strong> </strong>The prevalence of visual impairment was 19.6% and 2.3% for severe visual impairment. The age group most affected by VI was 11-15 years (74.2%). There were increased chances of developing VI with advancing age of the participants. Males contributed 88.7% of the cases of VI while females contributed only 11.3%. The class category 5-6 had higher percentage of VI cases (32.7%). Public schools contributed 52.8% of the cases of VI while for private schools the corresponding percentage was 47.2%. The leading cause of VI was refractive error (89.3%) followed by amblyopia (5.0%). Other causes of VI included cataract (1.2%), corneal disease (1.8%), strabismus (1.8%) and nystagmus (0.6%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is a need to implement school health policy on visual screening prior to admissions in schools and annual eye screening program for early detection and prompt treatment of eye problems among school children in Muzaffarabad.</p>

scholarly journals Self-reported vision and hallucinations in older adults: results from two longitudinal US health surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 843-849
Author(s):  
Ali G Hamedani ◽  
Dylan P Thibault ◽  
Judy A Shea ◽  
Allison W Willis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Background Vision loss may be a risk factor for hallucinations, but this has not been studied at the population level. Methods To determine the association between self-reported vision loss and hallucinations in a large community-based sample of older adults, we performed a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of two large, nationally representative US health surveys: the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Visual impairment and hallucinations were self- or proxy-reported. Multivariate single and mixed effects logistic regression models were built to examine whether visual impairment and history of cataract surgery were associated with hallucinations. Results In NHATS (n = 1520), hallucinations were more prevalent in those who reported difficulty reading newspaper print (OR 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32–2.39) or recognising someone across the street (OR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.86–3.31) after adjusting for confounders. In HRS (n = 3682), a similar association was observed for overall (OR 1.32, 95% CI: 1.08–1.60), distance (OR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.32–1.96) and near eyesight difficulties (OR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.25–1.85). In neither sample was there a significant association between cataract surgery and hallucinations after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions Visual dysfunction is associated with increased odds of hallucinations in the older US adult population. This suggests that the prevention and treatment of vision loss may potentially reduce the prevalence of hallucinations in older adults.

scholarly journals Changes in prevalence and causes of visual impairment and cataract surgical coverage in Nampula, Mozambique between 2011 and 2018: findings from two cross-sectional surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Jolley ◽  
Mércia Cumaio ◽  
Anselmo Vilanculos ◽  
Izidine Hassan ◽  
Kahaki Kimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Good Visual Acuity ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Random Samples ◽  
Service Coverage

Abstract Background Globally, there are few examples of repeated eye health surveys to assess changes in prevalence and causes of visual impairment, and service coverage over time. Two separate, unlinked rapid assessments of avoidable blindness (RAAB) were conducted in Nampula province, Mozambique in 2011 and 2018. This paper reports the observed changes and examines how the trends differ for males and females. Methods Standard RAAB methodology was used in both studies. Two-stage cluster sampling was used to generate random samples of adults aged over 50 years. Participants underwent a simplified visual acuity exam focusing on presenting and pinhole visual acuity (VA), a lens exam and posterior segment exam using a direct ophthalmoscope for all subjects with presenting VA < 6/18. Data were analysed using Stata and logistic regression models were developed to assess changes. Results The 2011 study enrolled 3,050 people and examined 96.9% (2,954 people). The 2018 survey enrolled 4,191 people and examined 95.8% (4,015 people). Age and sex adjusted estimates of blindness decreased from 6.2% in 2011 to 4.5% in 2018 (z=-2.21, p = 0.028), severe visual impairment remained the same (2.6% in 2011 and 2.7% in 2018, z = 0.1, p = 0.9) and moderate visual impairment increased (5.9% in 2011 to 11.0% in 2018, z = 5.78, p < 0.001). Cataract surgical coverage was higher among males in both surveys (13.4% among males vs 7.7% among females in 2011, and 40.0% among males vs 19.4% among females in 2018) and the gender disparity grew between surveys. Conclusions Significant changes were observed in the eye health and service coverage between 2011 and 2018. An increase in the proportion of good visual acuity among operated eyes between the surveys is of note and may correspond with improvements made to the services provided in the province. Further improvements to services are required to improve access for women and people with moderate visual impairment.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Outcomes of Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS) and Phacoemulsification (PHACO) in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Samuel Kyei ◽  
Ebenezer Zaabaar ◽  
Frank Assiamah ◽  
Michael Agyemang Kwarteng ◽  
Kofi Asiedu
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Small Incision Cataract Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity

Background: The growing middle-class population of Ghana has seen more people being employed in visually demanding occupations  and hence there is an increased desire for quality post-cataract surgical visual outcomes. This study aimed at comparing the outcomes of manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification (PHACO) among Ghanaians. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study in which records of patients who underwent MSCIS or phacoemulsification by the same surgeon were reviewed. Results: Medical records of 248 eyes were reviewed, out of which 132 underwent PHACO and 116 had MSICS. A significant number of the  PHACO group had good (6/6–6/18) uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) compared to the MSICS group at 1–2 weeks follow-up (p = 0.003) and 4–6 weeks follow-up (p = 0.002). MSICS resulted in a higher total astigmatic change compared to PHACO (p < 0.001). The PHACO grouphad a higher number of postoperative complications compared with the MSICS group (p <0.001). Postoperative borderline and poor  uncorrected visual acuity were associated with age, total astigmatic change, and postoperative complications. Conclusion: The postoperative UCVA outcomes at 4–6 weeks’ follow-up indicates that PHACO resulted in noticeably less spectacle dependency when compared to MSICS.

scholarly journals Prevalence of severe visual impairment and barriers to access eye care services in the Udupi district

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-355
Author(s):  
Lavanya G. Rao ◽  
Dushyanth Sharma ◽  
Sulatha V. Bhandary ◽  
Divya Handa ◽  
Yogish Kamath
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Aim: To assess the prevalence of severe visual impairment (SVI) and reasons for not accessing eye care services in a field practice area of a tertiary care hospital. Study design: Cross-sectional observational study. Materials and methods: Through a cross-sectional study using simple random sampling, a total of 1510, individuals above 18 years of age, from six rural and maternity welfare centers (RMCW) within a distance of 20 km from a tertiary hospital were approached. All participants underwent basic assessment of visual acuity, anterior segment evaluation using torch light, and answered a structured questionnaire on eye care. Results: Of 1510 subjects, 267 had SVI (defined as visual acuity < 6/60 either in one or both eyes) with a prevalence of 17.7%. SVI was higher among men and those above 60 years of age (52.8%). Significant association was found between barriers to accessing eye care facilities and lack of knowledge to access health care (p = 0.004), lack of financial support (95% CI, p = 0.006), and social reasons (95% CI, p = 0.028). Prevalence of SVI among diabetics was 32.7% as compared to non-diabetics (OR: 2.630; 95% confidence interval: 1.864–3.712), and among hypertensives was 34.61% as compared to non-hypertensives (OR: 2.836; 95% confidence interval: 1.977–4.068). Conclusion: In spite of being close to a tertiary care center, a prevalence of SVI in 17.7% of this population indicates a lack of knowledge regarding the importance of self-health care in subjects. This emphasizes the need to increase the awareness among the general public to access the ophthalmic health care facilities in order to improve the ocular health of the patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for visual impairment among elderly residents in ‘homes for the aged’ in India: the Hyderabad Ocular Morbidity in Elderly Study (HOMES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Navya Rekha Barrenakala ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Thirupathi Reddy Kumbham ◽  
Satya Brahmanandam Modepalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Posterior Capsular Opacification ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Homes For The Aged ◽  
Uncorrected Refractive Error

Background/AimTo investigate the prevalence, causes and risk factors of visual impairment (VI) among the elderly in ‘home for the aged’ in Hyderabad, India.MethodsIndividuals aged ≥60 years were recruited from 41 ‘homes for the aged’. All participants had complete eye examinations including presenting visual acuity, refraction, slit-lamp examination, intraocular pressure measurement and fundus imaging by trained clinicians. VI was defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the better eye. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the risk factors associated with VI.Results1512 elderly residents from 41 homes for the aged were enumerated, of whom 1182 (78.1%) were examined. The mean age of examined participants was 75.0 years (SD 8.8 years; range: 60–108 years); 35.4% of those examined were men. The prevalence of VI was 30.1% (95% CI 27.5 to 32.8). The leading cause of VI was cataract (46.3%, n=165), followed by uncorrected refractive error (27.0%, n=96), posterior capsular opacification (14.9%, n=53) and posterior segment disease (6.5%, n=23). Overall, 88.2% of the VI was either treatable or correctable. In multiple logistic regression, those aged 80 years and older (OR: 1.7, p<0.01), living in ‘free’ homes (OR: 1.5, p<0.01) and who were immobile/bedridden (OR: 3.02, p<0.01) had significantly higher odds of VI. Gender was not associated with VI.ConclusionsVI was common and largely avoidable in residents of ‘homes for the aged’ in Hyderabad, India. Screening for vision loss in ‘homes for aged’ and the provision of appropriate services should become routine practice to achieve the goal of healthy ageing in India.

scholarly journals Surgical eye camp in rural area of Nepal and its role in Vision 2020

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kharel Sitaula ◽  
S N Joshi ◽  
S Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vision 2020 ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Rural Nepal ◽  
Eye Camps

Blindness continues to remain a major public health problem in Nepal and cataract is the leading cause. Cataract surgical coverage is relatively low in the rural areas where prevalence of blindness is high. To evaluate the role of surgical out­reached eye camps in rural Nepal and its impact in Vision 2020. This is a descriptive cross sectional camp based study in a remote village of Nepal, where 4 days screening of the eye disease mainly the cataract was done. 250 patients (54.80% males and 45.20% females) underwent eye health screening tests. Cataract was the commonest ocular disease (29.6%) among the screened population and 24% (60 patients) of them required cataract surgery (57% male and 43% female). The mean age of the operated patient was 71.84 ± 10.6years. Among the operated cases, bilateral blindness was present in 21.66% and unilateral blindness in 70% but after vision restoring cataract surgery, normal visual acuity (6/6-6/18) was achieved in 31(51.66%), and vision of 6/24-6/60 in 23 (38.33%) cases. Cataract remains to be the major cause of blindness in Nepal and arrangement of repeated surgical eye camps in the remote areas of Nepal could aid in reducing the prevent­able cause of blindness thereby help in achieving the goal of Vision 2020. 

scholarly journals Prenatal and neonatal factors for the development of childhood visual impairment in primary and middle school students: a cross-sectional survey in Guangzhou, China

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e032721
Author(s):  
Bolan Yu ◽  
Lijuan Dai ◽  
Juanjuan Chen ◽  
Wen Sun ◽  
Jingsi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Middle School Students ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
High Birth Weight ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Postnatal Factors

ObjectivesIn this cross-sectional survey, we sought to determine the prevalence of and the influence of prenatal and neonatal factors on childhood visual impairment without correction (VIUC) in a paediatric population from Guangzhou, China.SettingThe health survey covered 11 administrative districts in Guangzhou, including 991 schools.ParticipantsAll of the primary and middle school students in Guangzhou were invited to complete an online questionnaire with the help of their parents. The results of physical examinations were reported by school medical departments. The results of the questionnaire were collected by the researchers. In total, 253 301 questionnaires were collected.Primary outcome measuresThe students’ uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was examined by trained optometrists by standard logarithmic visual acuity charts. VIUC was defined by UCVA (of the better eye) (UCVA <6/12) with three levels: light VIUC (UCVA ≥6/18 to <6/12), mild VIUC (UCVA ≥6/60 to <6/18) and severe VIUC (UCVA <6/60).ResultsA total of 39 768 individuals (15.7%) had VIUC, and the rate was much higher among grade 10 to 12 students (51.4%) than among grade 1 to 6 students (6.71%). The following factors were significantly associated with an increased risk of VIUC: female gender, high birth weight, formula feeding, not having siblings, higher level of parents’ education, parental myopia, much homework time and little outdoor activity. Delivery mode was not associated with the risk of VIUC.ConclusionsThis study validates known major prenatal/genetic, perinatal and postnatal factors for childhood VIUC. In conclusion, prenatal and perinatal factors can affect the onset of childhood VIUC, but parental myopia and postnatal factors are the main factors.

Population-based assessment of visual acuity outcomes following cataract surgery in Australia: the National Eye Health Survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (10) ◽  
pp. 1419-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Keel ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Joshua Foreman ◽  
Hugh R Taylor ◽  
Mohamed Dirani
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Postoperative Outcome ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Indigenous Australians

AimTo assess the visual outcomes of cataract surgery among a national sample of non-Indigenous and Indigenous Australians.MethodsThis was a population-based study of 3098 non-Indigenous Australians (50–98 years) and 1738 Indigenous Australians (40–92 years), stratified by remoteness. A poor postoperative outcome in an eye that had undergone cataract surgery was defined as presenting distance visual acuity (PVA) <6/12–6/60, and a very poor outcome was defined as PVA <6/60. Effective cataract surgery coverage (eCSC; operated cataract and a good outcome (PVA ≥6/12) as a proportion of operable plus operated cataract) was calculated.ResultsThe sampling weight adjusted cataract surgery prevalence was 19.8% (95% CI 17.9 to 22.0) in non-Indigenous Australians and 8.2% (95% CI 6.0 to 9.6) in Indigenous Australians. Among the non-Indigenous population, poor and very poor PVA outcomes were present in 18.1% and 1.9% of eyes, respectively. For Indigenous Australians, these values were 27.8% and 6.3%, respectively. The main causes of poor vision were refractive error (non-Indigenous=41.8%; Indigenous=41.9%) and coincident disease (non-Indigenous=43.3%; Indigenous=40.3%). The eCSC rates in the non-Indigenous and Indigenous populations were 88.5% (95% CI 85.2 to 91.2) and 51.6% (95% CI 42.4 to 60.7), respectively.ConclusionApproximately half of eyes with a poor visual outcome postcataract surgery could be readily avoided through the appropriate refractive correction. The finding of a lower eCSC rate among Indigenous Australians suggests that improvements in access and quality of cataract services may be warranted in order to reduce cataract-related vision loss in the Indigenous population.

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