The Toxic Side of Nanotechnology: An Insight into Hazards to Health and the Ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Kumari Yadav ◽  
Zulfequar Ahmed Khan ◽  
Brahmeshwar Mishra ◽  
Shiv Bahadur ◽  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Human And Nature ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Detailed Nature

: The objective of the present article is to provide an insight into the toxicity aspect of Nanoparticles on health and ecosystem along with risk assessment and monitoring. After a detailed screening of various research reports from the peer-reviewed journals, books, and research news, the article was prepared. Due to nanotechnology's various significant advantages over conventional technologies, it has been explored for diverse research and commercial needs such as cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, electronics, catalysts, robotics, and so on. However, nanotechnology has several challenging elements for the health, environmental, societal and economic aspects, and unpredictable consequences can happen due to its unknown detailed nature, which needs to be identified. Therefore, in this review, an attempt has been made to cover the two most important aspects of the toxicity of nanoparticles i.e. influence on health and the ecosystem. The health hazards to various organs, especially lungs, gastrointestinal tract and dermis and aquatic organisms, have been elaborated. Further, the ecotoxicological aspect describing fate, mechanism of ecotoxicity, ecotoxicological challenges and solutions to ecotoxicologist are discussed. Risk assessments, related to the approaches that can be used for the optimization of nanotechnology, are also mentioned. Its high time when nanotechnology field needs reconsideration and uncompromising attention at a public and private level about its use, handling, storage, proper treatment and disposal. Also, risk analysis and establishment of regulatory guidelines for optimization and safe practice of nanotechnology for human and nature welfare are recommended.

Upcoming Drifts In Bio-Similars

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Aggarwal ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Ameya Sharma ◽  
Vivek Puri ◽  
Gitika Arora Dhingra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Biologic Activity ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Food Drug Administration ◽  
Insight Into

Background: Biopharmaceuticals such as Biologic medicinal products have been in clinical use over the past three decades and have benefited towards the therapy of degenerative and critical metabolic diseases. It is forecasted that market of biologics will be going to increase at a rate of 20% per year, and by 2025, more than ˃ 50% of new drug approvals may be biological products. The increasing utilization of the biologics necessitates for cost control, especially for innovators products that have enjoyed a lengthy period of exclusive use. As the first wave of biopharmaceuticals is expired or set to expire, it has led to various opportunities for the expansion of bio-similars i.e. copied versions of original biologics with same biologic activity. Development of biosimilars is expected to promote market competition, meet worldwide demand, sustain the healthcare systems and maintain the incentives for innovation. Methods: Appraisal of published articles from peer reviewed journals, PubMed literature, latest news and guidelines from European Medicine Agency, US Food Drug Administration (FDA) and India are used to identify data for review. Results: Main insight into the quality requirements concerning biologics, current status of regulation of biosimilars and upcoming challenges lying ahead for the upgrading of marketing authorization of bio-similars has been incorporated. Compiled literature on therapeutic status, regulatory guidelines and the emerging trends and opportunities of biosimilars has been thoroughly stated. Conclusion: Updates on biosimilars will support to investigate the possible impact of bio-similars on healthcare market.

What Can Economists Contribute to the Common Good Tradition?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Yuengert
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Common Pool Resources ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Although most economists are skeptical of or puzzled by the Catholic concept of the common good, a rejection of the economic approach as inimical to the common good would be hasty and counterproductive. Economic analysis can enrich the common good tradition in four ways. First, economics embodies a deep respect for economic agency and for the effects of policy and institutions on individual agents. Second, economics offers a rich literature on the nature of unplanned order and how it might be shaped by policy. Third, economics offers insight into the public and private provision of various kinds of goods (private, public, common pool resources). Fourth, recent work on the development and logic of institutions and norms emphasizes sustainability rooted in the good of the individual.

1.  Toxicity of Fresh and Weathered Sunken Heavy Fuel Oil to the Early Life Stages of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Simulated Spawning Shoal Environments

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Adams
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
South American ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Insight Into

Because the density of heavy fuel oil (HFO) is equal to or greater than that of freshwater, it behaves differently than lighter oils that float. Heavy fuel oil can sink to the bottom or be suspended in the water column and affect aquatic organisms that are not typically exposed to floating oils. Most research on oil spill technologies thus far examines the direct exposure of rainbow trout to floating or submerged oil droplets; there is little knowledge of the impacts of non‐floating heavy fuel oil on the water column and benthic organisms exposed to oil that accumulates in sediments. The toxicity of sunken HFO 6303 and Medium South American (MESA; reference) crude oil, as well as the effects of weathering on toxicity to embryos of rainbow trout were assessed using increasing concentrations of oil on gravel substrate in continuous‐flow desorption columns. Toxicity was assessed by measurement of the rates of mortality and growth, and the prevalence of blue sac disease, a hallmark sign of oil toxicity. The lower median lethal concentration for HFO compared to MESA indicated that HFO is more toxic. Interestingly, the LC50 values for fresh and weathered for both oils were similar, indicating little change in toxicity when the oil weathers naturally. Repetition of this experiment and analysis of PAH content in each treatment will provide more insight into the environmental and health risks associated with sunken heavy fuel oil.   

The Sport Marriage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Professional Sports ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Great Cost ◽  
Women's Voices ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Sport Industry ◽  
And Control ◽  
Insight Into

Male professional athletes captivate fans and profoundly influence today’s society as part of the $1.3 trillion global sport industry. Although these athletes’ lives and careers are widely reported, scholarly knowledge about the women who support them—their wives—is extremely limited. Because these women’s voices have historically been stifled, their marriages are shockingly misunderstood. Based on findings from the first and only longitudinal study on the sport marriage, this book corrects the abundance of misinformation reported by all forms of media, dispels undeserved stereotypes, and addresses inaccurate assumptions about the heteronormative sport marriage. It demonstrates how, despite major changes in society and sport since the end of the last century, the fundamental nature of the heteronormative sport marriage has not changed. Sport wives remain isolated and subordinate, even while they make significant contributions to their husbands’ careers. Identifying the sport marriage as a career-dominated marriage, the book allows us into these women’s public and private lives, including their need to conform to unwritten rules and codes, adapt to abundant power and control issues, cope with groupies from all walks of life, and find ways to deal with their oft-justified fears about their husbands’ infidelity. The book shares intimate stories about, and provides rare and unflinching insight into, what it is like to be married to these highly visible men, what it means to be a woman in the male-dominated world of professional sports, and why women remain in a sport marriage at great cost to themselves.

Diskusijas par terminu „mediji” latviešu valodā tā pētīšanas aspektā

2020 ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
Dite Liepa ◽  
Ilva Skulte
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Insight Into

This paper is based on reflections after an emotional discussion on the word and term medijs(i) (‘medium’) in Latvian that broke out during the yearly conference The Word: Aspects of Research at Liepāja University, in November 2019. The aim of this paper is not to blame or replace the broadly spread two-word term plašsaziņas līdzekļi with an anglicism mediji. In Latvia, there are many titles and documents where this term has a permanent and stable place. Such as, for example, The National Electronic Mass Media Council. At the same time, it is time to recognise the use of the word medijs(i) as an entirely accepted synonym of plašsaziņas līdzeklis(ļi) and even as a semantically more broadly usable term in the context of developing information and communication technologies. As this short insight into the research of the word shows, the term is already currently used not only among professionals but also on the level of state institutions, public and private organisations, and companies. On the other hand, especially in the contexts of communication science, arts, and philosophy, the spectrum of meanings of the word medijs(i) in the vocabulary of modern Latvian must be broadened.

scholarly journals Physician’s sociodemographic profile and distribution across public and private health care: an insight into physicians’ dual practice in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Alonso Miotto ◽  
Aline Gil Alves Guilloux ◽  
Alex Jones Flores Cassenote ◽  
Giulia Marcelino Mainardi ◽  
Giuliano Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Private Health Care ◽  
Dual Practice ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Sociodemographic Profile ◽  
Insight Into

Overview of Islamic Law

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saad Alarefi
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Full Understanding ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Legal Concepts ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractIslamic law is known as the Shari'ah, which means the path to follow God's law. The Shari'ah controls, rules and regulates all public and private behaviour. Shari'ah law does not exclude any knowledge from other sources and is viewed by the Muslim world as a vehicle to solve all problems – civil, criminal and international. The article offers a brief insight into Islamic law and provides a full understanding of the nature of Islamic law and its jurisprudential and legal concepts.

scholarly journals Legal position of a notary public and specific features of his professional liability insurance

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Slobodan Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Public Services ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Professional Liability ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Public Setting ◽  
Notary Public ◽  
Insight Into

The legal position of a notary public and the types of services he provides crucially affect the complexity of his liability, which arises from performing legally prescribed activities. Actions to protect and realize the public and private interest for a fee represent a risk from which the professional liability of a notary public may arise, which is equated with errors and omissions insurance. This leads to multiple types of liability: civil, disciplinary, offence and criminal. In this paper, the author explores the interest of the state, parties and notaries public in relation to the performance of notary public services to the extent relevant to this paper, the legal basis and manner of concluding professional liability insurance of notaries public, setting cover limits and some specific excluded risks and specific features of occurrence of insured event in professional liability insurance by getting an insight into comparative legal solutions of the law regulating notary public services, and finally the views of domestic and foreign legal theory.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION PRACTICES AMONG RURAL COMMUNITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 878-882
Author(s):  
Smvdcon A ◽  
Kakryal B ◽  
Katra C
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health It ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
Level Of Significance

Introduction: Proper sanitation promotes health, improves the quality of the environment and thus, the quality of life in a community. Sanitation refers to the safe collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of human wastes. It is a fundamental health service without which there cannot be any improvement in the state of community health. It is both public and private element, and the individuals hygiene can affect the whole community. Improving the sanitation within a community leads to an improvement in health. Thus, sanitation is an integral component of environmental protection, which ensures a productive life. Methodology: In this pre-experimental study, 200 households of rural community in the age group of 20-60 years were selected as the samples for the study by using total enumeration sampling technique. The data was collected by using observational checklist on environmental sanitation. Data analysis was performed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. SPSS-17 software was used and P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Result: In the pre test [mean=12.2, SD=2.2], majority of the rural community had poor environmental sanitation practices and in the post test [mean =25.9, SD=3.0], majority of the rural community had good environmental sanitation practices. Discussion: The result shows that there was improvement in practices regarding environmental sanitation practices after implementation of HEALTH EDUCATIONon environmental sanitation practices which was calculated at 0.05 level of significance. So, it is concluded that the HEALTH EDUCATION on environmental sanitation practices has an effect on to improve poor and average environment sanitation practices.

scholarly journals Japanese Application of Bioassays for Environmental Management

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 537-541
Author(s):  
Takashi Kusui
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Ecosystem Health ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
Ecotoxicological Assessment ◽  
Complex Liquids ◽  
Toxicological Data ◽  
Two Factors

The increasing number of existing and new chemicals demands ecotoxicological data as well as toxicological data for pre- and postmarketing risk assessments. Although human health has been the major concern in Japanese environmental management, ecosystem health is becoming the big issue as the need for preserving the diversity of ecosystems has been recognized. This recognition is changing the regulatory framework in Japan, resulting in new actions toward establishment of water-quality standards for aquatic organisms and ecotoxicological assessment of existing chemicals. At the same time, the need to assess complex liquids that contain several kinds of chemicals is increasing. The ecotoxicological study of Japanese effluents shows that the present chemical-specific standards are not enough to protect aquatic ecosystems. These two factors encourage the application of ecotoxicological tests as well as the toxicological data.

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