The Protective Mechanism of Cannabidiol in Cardiac Injury: A Systematic Review of Non-Clinical Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2499-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad R.H. Shayesteh ◽  
Hamed Haghi-Aminjan ◽  
Mohammad J. Mousavi ◽  
Saeideh Momtaz ◽  
Mohammad Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Pleiotropic Effect ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Apoptosis And Inflammation ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Cardiac disease is accounted as the leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. The disease is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and induction of oxidative stress. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive ingredient of marijuana that has been reported to be safe and well tolerated in patients. Due to its pleiotropic effect, CBD has been shown to exert cytoprotective effects. This study intended to clarify the mechanisms and the potential role of CBD regarding cardiac injuries treatment. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, in the electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase up to June 2019 using predefined search terms in the titles and abstracts. Accordingly, a set of pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered and 8 articles were ultimately included in this study. Results: Our findings demonstrate that CBD has multi-functional protective assets to improve cardiac injuries; preliminary through scavenging of free radicals, and reduction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation. Conclusion: CBD can protect against cardiac injuries, mainly through its antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects on the basis of non-clinical studies. The cardioprotective effects of the CBD need to be further studied in welldesigned clinical trials.

scholarly journals Innate Immunity in Children and the Role of ACE2 Expression in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-382
Author(s):  
Mario Dioguardi ◽  
Angela Pia Cazzolla ◽  
Claudia Arena ◽  
Diego Sovereto ◽  
Giorgia Apollonia Caloro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Meta Analyses

COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an emerging viral disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which leads to severe respiratory infections in humans. The first reports came in December 2019 from the city of Wuhan in the province of Hubei in China. It was immediately clear that children developed a milder disease than adults. The reasons for the milder course of the disease were attributed to several factors: innate immunity, difference in ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme II) receptor expression, and previous infections with other common coronaviruses (CovH). This literature review aims to summarize aspects of innate immunity by focusing on the role of ACE2 expression and viral infections in children in modulating the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Articles deemed potentially eligible were considered, including those dealing with COVID-19 in children and providing more up-to-date and significant data in terms of epidemiology, prognosis, course, and symptoms, focusing on the etiopathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 disease in children. The bibliographic search was conducted using the search engines PubMed and Scopus. The following search terms were entered in PubMed and Scopus: COVID-19 AND ACE2 AND Children; COVID-19 AND Immunity innate AND children. The search identified 857 records, and 18 studies were applicable based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that addressed the issues of COVID-19 concerning the role of ACE2 expression in children. The scientific literature agrees that children develop milder COVID-19 disease than adults. Milder symptomatology could be attributed to innate immunity or previous CovH virus infections, while it is not yet fully understood how the differential expression of ACE2 in children could contribute to milder disease.

Effects of erdosteine on cyclosporin-A-induced nephrotoxicity

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tutanc ◽  
V Arica ◽  
N Yılmaz ◽  
A Nacar ◽  
I Zararsiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Aim: In cyclosporin-A (CsA)-induced toxicity, oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the protective role of erdosteine against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity in terms of tissue oxidant/antioxidant parameters and light microscopy in rats. Materials and methods: Wistar albino rats were randomly separated into four groups. Group 1 rats treated with sodium chloride served as the control, group 2 rats were treated with CsA, group 3 with CsA plus erdosteine, and group 4 with erdosteine alone. Animals were killed and blood samples were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), total protein (TP), and albumin (ALB) levels. Kidney sections were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, as well as for histopathological changes. Results: In the CsA group, MDA, GSH-Px, BUN, and Cr levels were increased. The TP and ALB levels were decreased. These changes had been improved by erdosteine administration. Other biochemical parameters did not show any significant change. Conclusion: These results indicate that erdosteine produces a protective mechanism against CsA-induced nephrotoxicity and suggest a role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis.

PPARβ/δ Priming Enhances the Anti-Apoptotic and Therapeutic Properties of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Sarre ◽  
Rafael Contreras Lopez ◽  
Nitirut Nerpernpisooth ◽  
Christian Barrere ◽  
Sarah Bahraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

Abstract Background: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSC) have been widely used for their therapeutic properties in many clinical applications including myocardial infarction. Despite promising preclinical results and evidences of safety and efficacy in phases I/ II, inconsistencies in phase III trials have been reported. In a previous study, we have shown using MSC derived from the bone marrow of PPARβ/δ (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors β/δ) knockout mice that the acute cardioprotective properties of MSC during the first hour of reperfusion are PPARβ/δ-dependent but not related to the anti-inflammatory effect of MSC. However, the role of the modulation of PPARβ/δ expression on MSC cardioprotective and anti-apoptotic properties has never been investigated. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PPARβ/δ modulation (inhibition or activation) in MSC therapeutic properties in vitro and ex vivo in an experimental model of myocardial infarction.Methods and results: Naïve MSC and MSC pharmacologically activated or inhibited for PPARβ/δ were challenged with H202. Through specific DNA fragmentation quantification and qRT-PCR experiments, we evidenced in vitro an increased resistance to oxidative stress in MSC pre-treated by the PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 versus naïve MSC. In addition, PPARβ/δ-priming allowed to reveal the anti-apoptotic effect of MSC on co-cultured cardiomyocytes. When injected during reperfusion in an ex vivo heart model of myocardial infarction, PPARβ/δ-primed MSC at a dose of 3.75x105 MSC/heart provided the same cardioprotective efficiency than 7.5x105 naïve MSC, identified as the optimal dose in our model. These enhanced short-term cardioprotective effects were associated with an increase in both anti-apoptotic effects and the number of MSC detected in the left ventricular wall at 1 hour of reperfusion. By contrast, inhibition of PPARβ/δ before their administration in post-ischemic hearts during reperfusion decreased their cardioprotective effects. Conclusion: Altogether these results revealed that PPARβ/δ-primed MSC exhibit an increased resistance to oxidative stress and enhanced anti-apoptotic properties on cardiac cells in vitro. PPARβ/δ-priming appears as an innovative strategy to enhance the cardioprotective effects of MSC and to decrease the injected doses. These results could be of major interest to improve MSC efficacy for the cardioprotection of injured myocardium in AMI patients.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Effects of Dietary Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure by a Sex-Gender-Oriented Point of View

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Komici ◽  
Valeria Conti ◽  
Sergio Davinelli ◽  
Leonardo Bencivenga ◽  
Giuseppe Rengo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Population ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Dietary Phytochemicals ◽  
Clinical Models ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Tools

Dietary phytochemicals are considered an innovative strategy that helps to reduce cardiovascular risk factors. Some phytochemicals have been shown to play a beneficial role in lipid metabolism, to improve endothelial function and to modify oxidative stress pathways in experimental and clinical models of cardiovascular impairment. Importantly, investigation on phytochemical effect on cardiac remodeling appears to be promising. Nowadays, drug therapy and implantation of devices have demonstrated to ameliorate survival. Of interest, sex-gender seems to influence the response to HF canonical therapies. In fact, starting by the evidence of the feminization of world population and the scarce efficacy and safety of the traditional drugs in women, the search of alternative therapeutic tools has become mandatory. The aim of this review is to summarize the possible role of dietary phytochemicals in HF therapy and the evidence of a different sex-gender-oriented response.

scholarly journals Role of Klotho in Chronic Calcineurin Inhibitor Nephropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Luo ◽  
Sun Woo Lim ◽  
Yi Quan ◽  
Sheng Cui ◽  
Yoo Jin Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitor ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Klotho Protein ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) are the most popular immunosuppressants in organ transplantation, but nephrotoxicity is a major concern. The common mechanism underlying chronic CNI nephropathy is oxidative stress, and the process of chronic CNI nephropathy is similar to that of aging. Current studies provide evidence that antiaging Klotho protein plays an important role in protecting against oxidative stress, and its signaling is a target for preventing oxidative stress-induced aging process. In this review, we focus on the association between Klotho and oxidative stress and the protective mechanism of action of Klotho against oxidative stress in chronic CNI nephropathy. In addition, we discuss the delivery strategy for Klotho in CNI-induced nephropathy.

scholarly journals Resveratrol Inhibits Oxidative Stress and Prevents Mitochondrial Damage Induced by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Giordo ◽  
Gheyath K. Nasrallah ◽  
Ola Al-Jamal ◽  
Panagiotis Paliogiannis ◽  
Gianfranco Pintus
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Toxic Potential

Despite their wide industrial use, Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a high toxic potential while concerns of their health-related risks are still present, urging additional in vivo clarification studies. Oxidative stress is recognized as the primary trigger of NP-associated toxicity, suggesting antioxidants as a promising counteractive approach. Here, we investigated the protective effect of the natural antioxidant resveratrol against ZnO NP-induced toxicity in vivo using the zebrafish model. Our findings demonstrate that resveratrol counteracts ZnO NP-induced zebrafish lethality preventing cardiac morphological and functional damage. NP-induced vascular structural abnormalities during embryonic fish development were significantly counteracted by resveratrol treatment. Mechanistically, we further showed that resveratrol inhibits ROS increase, prevents mitochondrial membrane potential dysfunction, and counteracts cell apoptosis/necrosis elicited by ZnO NP. Overall, our data provide further evidence demonstrating the primary role of oxidative stress in NP-induced damage, and highlight new insights concerning the protective mechanism of antioxidants against nanomaterial toxicity.

Prevention and management of type II diabetes chronic complications: the role of polyphenols (Mini-Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Pani ◽  
Francesco Baratta ◽  
Daniele Pastori ◽  
Mattia Coronati ◽  
Francesco Scaglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Chronic Complications ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Constant State ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Ischemic Events

: The numerous complications of diabetes may be at least in part generated by the oxidative stress associated with the constant state of hyperglycemia. Polyphenols are plant based secondary metabolites that have high potentials in the prevention and treatment of some diseases, in particular those that involve oxidative stress, such as complications of diabetes. The purpose of this narrative review is to show the main evidence regarding the role of polyphenols in treating and preventing these complications. For the bibliographic research, the papers published up to March 15, 2021 were considered and the search terms included words relating to polyphenols, their classes and some more known compounds, in association with the complications of diabetes. There are numerous studies showing how polyphenols are active against endothelial damage induced by diabetes, oxidative stress and hyperinflammatory states that are at the origin of the complications of diabetes. Compounds such as flavonoids, but also anthocyanins, stilbenes or lignans slow the progression of kidney damage, prevent ischemic events and diabetic nephropathy. Many of these studies are preclinical, in cellular or animal models. The role of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetes complications is undoubtedly promising. However, more clinical trials need to be implemented to understand the real effectiveness of these compounds.

Glucose-Insulin-Potassium Solution for Acute Myocardial Infarction

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L Janiger ◽  
Judy WM Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
English Language ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Data Synthesis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Meta Analyses

OBJECTIVE: To review the role of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution in the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (1966–October 2001) database, using the search terms glucose, insulin, potassium, and myocardial infarction. STUDY SELECTION: Relevant English-language human studies and meta-analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS: Most studies that have investigated the use of GIK in AMI have been from the prethrombolytic era. Although most data trended toward favoring GIK in improving mortality and morbidity of AMI, the Polish GIK study was terminated prematurely because of an increase in mortality in patients treated with GIK. Dosage, duration of treatment, and route of administration of GIK varied among studies. CONCLUSIONS: Until results from larger-scale studies become available, the routine use of GIK infusion in AMI patients is not recommended.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Nuclear FactorκB in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Lorenzo ◽  
B. Picatoste ◽  
S. Ares-Carrasco ◽  
E. Ramírez ◽  
J. Egido ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa B ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa

Diabetic cardiomyopathy entails the cardiac injury induced by diabetes independently of any vascular disease or hypertension. Some transcription factors have been proposed to control the gene program involved in the setting and development of related processes. Nuclear factor-kappa B is a pleiotropic transcription factor associated to the regulation of many heart diseases. However, the nuclear factor-kappa B role in diabetic cardiomyopathy is under investigation. In this paper, we review the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway and its role in several processes that have been linked to diabetic cardiomyopathy, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, hypertrophy and apoptosis.

scholarly journals Neuroprotection by Micronutrients and Cannabidiol (CBD) in Neurodegenerative Diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kedar N. Prasad ◽  
Kedar N. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Glutamate Receptors ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Protective Proteins

The major objectives of this review are to elucidate the role of antioxidants and cannabidiol (CBD) in reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and glutamate levels, which contribute to the pathogenesis of human neurological diseases. Antioxidants act by: (a) donation of electrons to molecules with unpaired electrons to neutralize them, (b) activation of ROS-resistant Nrf2 to enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes, (c) restoration of deficiency of antioxidants to normal levels, (d) alterations in the expression of microRNAs, which guide their respective mRNAs to translate protective proteins, and (e) prevention of the release and toxicity of glutamate. CBD acts by: (a) activating endocannabinoid system, which consists of anandamide and archidonoylglycerol, cannabinoid receptors CB1R and CB2R, and their synthesizing and degrading enzymes, (b) acting as an agonist to non-cannabinoid receptors, such as dopamine, serotonin, and adenosine, (c) acting as an inhibitor of serotonin re-uptake, and (d) acting as an antagonist to glutamate receptors. Since antioxidants and CBD act primarily by different mechanisms, it is proposed that combination of the two may be more effective than either individually. No review on this topic has been published. Pre-clinical and clinical studies are suggested to test the efficacy of proposed combination in selected neurodegenerative diseases.

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