Smart and Intelligent Stimuli Responsive Materials: An Innovative Step in Drug Delivery System

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arijit Guha ◽  
Md. Adil Shaharyar ◽  
Kazi Asraf Ali ◽  
Sanjit Kr. Roy ◽  
Ketousetuo Kuotsu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Niche Area

Background: In the field of drug delivery, smart and intelligent approaches have gained significant attention among researchers in order to improve the efficacy of conventional dosage forms. Material science has played a key role in developing these intelligent systems that can deliver therapeutic cargo on-demand. Stimuli responsive material based drug delivery systems have emerged as one of the most promising innovative tools for site-specific delivery. Several endogenous and exogenous stimuli have been exploited to devise “stimuli-responsive” materials for targeted drug delivery. Methods: For better understanding, these novel systems have been broadly classified into two categories: Internally Regulated Systems (pH, ionic strength, glucose, enzymes, and endogenous receptors) and Externally Regulated Systems (Light, magnetic field, electric field, ultrasound, and temperature). This review has followed a systematic approach through separately describing the design, development, and applications of each stimuli-responsive system in a constructive manner. Results: The development includes synthesis and characterization of each system, which has been discussed in a structured manner. From advantages to drawbacks, a detailed description has been included for each smart stimuli responsive material. For a complete review in this niche area of drug delivery, a wide range of therapeutic applications including recent advancement of these smart materials have been incorporated. Conclusion: From the current scenario to future development, a precise overview of each type of system has been discussed in this article. In summary, it is expected that researchers working in this novel area will be highly benefited from this scientific review.

scholarly journals Stimuli-Responsive Materials for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Municoy ◽  
María I. Álvarez Echazú ◽  
Pablo E. Antezana ◽  
Juan M. Galdopórpora ◽  
Christian Olivetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Stimuli Responsive Polymers ◽  
Responsive Polymers ◽  
Stimuli Response ◽  
Materials Used

Smart or stimuli-responsive materials are an emerging class of materials used for tissue engineering and drug delivery. A variety of stimuli (including temperature, pH, redox-state, light, and magnet fields) are being investigated for their potential to change a material’s properties, interactions, structure, and/or dimensions. The specificity of stimuli response, and ability to respond to endogenous cues inherently present in living systems provide possibilities to develop novel tissue engineering and drug delivery strategies (for example materials composed of stimuli responsive polymers that self-assemble or undergo phase transitions or morphology transformations). Herein, smart materials as controlled drug release vehicles for tissue engineering are described, highlighting their potential for the delivery of precise quantities of drugs at specific locations and times promoting the controlled repair or remodeling of tissues.

scholarly journals Stimuli-Responsive Graphene Nanohybrids for Biomedical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh K. Patel ◽  
Yu-Ri Seo ◽  
Ki-Taek Lim
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Physiochemical Properties

Stimuli-responsive materials, also known as smart materials, can change their structure and, consequently, original behavior in response to external or internal stimuli. This is due to the change in the interactions between the various functional groups. Graphene, which is a single layer of carbon atoms with a hexagonal morphology and has excellent physiochemical properties with a high surface area, is frequently used in materials science for various applications. Numerous surface functionalizations are possible for the graphene structure with different functional groups, which can be used to alter the properties of native materials. Graphene-based hybrids exhibit significant improvements in their native properties. Since functionalized graphene contains several reactive groups, the behavior of such hybrid materials can be easily tuned by changing the external conditions, which is very useful in biomedical applications. Enhanced cell proliferation and differentiation of stem cells was reported on the surfaces of graphene-based hybrids with negligible cytotoxicity. In addition, pH or light-induced drug delivery with a controlled release rate was observed for such nanohybrids. Besides, notable improvements in antimicrobial activity were observed for nanohybrids, which demonstrated their potential for biomedical applications. This review describes the physiochemical properties of graphene and graphene-based hybrid materials for stimuli-responsive drug delivery, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial applications.

scholarly journals Past Decade Work Done on Cubosomes and its Factorial Design: A Fast Track Information for Researchers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shravani ◽  
Ahad Hindustan Abdul ◽  
Haranath Chinthaginjala ◽  
Poojitha Bhumireddy gari ◽  
Rahamathulla Syed
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Past Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Nanoparticulate Systems

The objective of this review is to explore the past work done on Cubosomes as drug delivery systems by factorial design. Cubosomes are Nanoparticulate systems made of amphiphilic lipids at a certain percentage, known as liquid crystals. They have tightly packed honeycomb structures twisted into 3D bilayers. Cubosomes can capture all categories of the lipophilic, hydrophilic, and amphiphilic substances irrespective of their affinity, by that they fit for delivering all range of drugs with ease. Many works in recent days are concentrating on Cubosomes for drug delivery, as it suits all ranges of drugs without much difficulty. Cubosomes acts as a carrier in drug delivery for a wide range of drugs and protects them from degradation issues like hydrolysis, oxidation, and others. Moreover, numerous studies have established the benefits of Cubosomes in nanotechnology, prolonged-release, and also enhanced bioavailability. This article reviews about the past work done on Cubosomes using factorial design. Additionally, many studies need to be performed for the optimization of Cubosomes for artificial cells, and biosensors, etc. Moreover, the rational design of Cubosomes for biomedical applications need to be developed. A widespread literature assessment revealed that many reviews and research attempts were made on Cubosomes, but no review article is still available in bringing the attempts made on Cubosomes by factorial design on a single platform. The factorial approach is used to optimize the formulation, which is acceptable and used in the current scenario in optimizing the formulations. So, the authors made widespread work by referring to peer-review journals, periodicals, magazines, and succeeded in bringing work done on Cubosomes in the last ten years by using factorial design. The study concludes and gives a quick reference to the young researchers to get literature on earlier successive attempts done on Cubosomes by factorial design.

scholarly journals Metal-Organic Frameworks for Drug Delivery Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-170
Author(s):  
Doaa Ahmed Ghareeb ◽  
Nessma Magdy Nasr
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Delivery Vehicles ◽  
Structural Aspects

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are based on metals and organic linkers; they possess large surface areas, suitable pore size and shape, wide range of chemical composition, and functionalized pore surface, which enable them for possible applications as delivery vehicles for therapeutic agents. The challenges include not only the development of new solids but also continuous improvements in the formulation and processing of the materials, including modifying the morphology and shape of the frameworks to fit the proposed applications of drug delivery. This chapter discussed enormous MOF-based stimuli responsive drug delivery systems, and considerable achievements have been made as a new avenue for drug delivery, their structural aspects, their applications in the controlled release of the drugs, and future view for development of drug controlled release researches using MOFs. Among the properties that must be developed and approved are the materials' toxicology, stability, their reproducibility of manufacture of MOFs in body's liquid, and pharmacokinetics of drug-loaded MOFs.

scholarly journals Bioinspired Simultaneous Changes in Fluorescence Color, Brightness and Shape of Hydrogels Enabled by AIEgens

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Li ◽  
Xiaofan Ji ◽  
Junyi Gong ◽  
Yubing Hu ◽  
Wenjie Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Layer ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Fluorescence Color ◽  
Core Function ◽  
Function Element ◽  
Responsive Hydrogels ◽  
Smart Wearable

Development of stimuli-responsive materials with complex practical functions is significant for achieving bioinspired artificial intelligence. It is challenging to fabricate stimuli-responsive hydrogels showing simultaneous changes in fluorescence color, brightness and shape in response to one stimulus. Herein a bilayer hydrogel strategy was designed by utilizing an aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) tetra-(4-pyridylphenyl)ethylene (TPE-4Py) to fabricate hydrogels with the above capabilities. Bilayer hydrogel actuators with ionomer of poly(acrylamide-r-sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PAS) as matrix of both active and passive layers and TPE-4Py as the core function element in the active layer were prepared. At acidic pH, the protonation of TPE-4Py led to fluorescence color and brightness changes of the actuators and the electrostatic interactions between the protonated TPE-4Py and benzenesulfonate groups of PAS chains in the active layer caused the actuators to deform. The proposed TPE-4Py/PAS-based bilayer hydrogel actuators with such responsiveness to stimulus provide pregnant insights in the design of intelligent systems and are highly attractive material candidates in fields of 3D/4D printing, soft robots and smart wearable devices.

Biologically Responsive Nanosystems Targeting Cardiovascular Diseases Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiling Song ◽  
Kechen Song ◽  
Yi Xiao ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
Yizhun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Delivery Performance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Made In

: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. To date, significant progress has been made in developing stimuli-responsive nanosystems that can intrinsically interact with pathological microenvironment to achieve site-specific delivery along with on-demand drug release for precise CVD treatment. Herein, this review summarizes recent advances on smart nanosystems in response to a wide range of biological cues, including pH, enzymes, ROS, shear force, ATP, etc., which can boost drug delivery performance or monitor disease progression in a non-invasive manner. The designs, compositions and main outcomes of the single and multi- responsive nanosystems for drug delivery and/or detection purposes are provided and discussed.

4D smart porous scaffolds based on polyHIPE architecture and electroactive PEDOT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Ferrandez-Montero ◽  
Bastien Carlier ◽  
Rémy AGNIEL ◽  
johanne Leroy-dudal ◽  
Cedric Vancaeyzeele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Passive Materials

3D porous polymeric materials have a wide range of applications and can be obtained from different approaches as passive materials, permanently set after fabrication. Stimuli-responsive materials gives the opportunity to...

scholarly journals Performing calculus: Asymmetric adaptive stimuli-responsive material for derivative control

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. eabe5698
Author(s):  
Spandhana Gonuguntla ◽  
Wei Chun Lim ◽  
Fong Yew Leong ◽  
Chi Kit Ao ◽  
Changhui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Mathematical Operation ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Analytical Functions ◽  
Temporal Derivative ◽  
Impermeable Layer ◽  
Designed Materials

Materials (e.g., brick or wood) are generally perceived as unintelligent. Even the highly researched “smart” materials are only capable of extremely primitive analytical functions (e.g., simple logical operations). Here, a material is shown to have the ability to perform (i.e., without a computer), an advanced mathematical operation in calculus: the temporal derivative. It consists of a stimuli-responsive material coated asymmetrically with an adaptive impermeable layer. Its ability to analyze the derivative is shown by experiments, numerical modeling, and theory (i.e., scaling between derivative and response). This class of freestanding stimuli-responsive materials is demonstrated to serve effectively as a derivative controller for controlled delivery and self-regulation. Its fast response realizes the same designed functionality and efficiency as complex industrial derivative controllers widely used in manufacturing. These results illustrate the possibility to associate specifically designed materials directly with higher concepts of mathematics for the development of “intelligent” material-based systems.

scholarly journals Bioresorbable Polymers: Advanced Materials and 4D Printing for Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 563
Author(s):  
Sybele Saska ◽  
Livia Pilatti ◽  
Alberto Blay ◽  
Jamil Awad Shibli
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Responsive Materials ◽  
Bioresorbable Polymers

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a valuable tool in the production of complexes structures with specific shapes for tissue engineering. Differently from native tissues, the printed structures are static and do not transform their shape in response to different environment changes. Stimuli-responsive biocompatible materials have emerged in the biomedical field due to the ability of responding to other stimuli (physical, chemical, and/or biological), resulting in microstructures modifications. Four-dimensional (4D) printing arises as a new technology that implements dynamic improvements in printed structures using smart materials (stimuli-responsive materials) and/or cells. These dynamic scaffolds enable engineered tissues to undergo morphological changes in a pre-planned way. Stimuli-responsive polymeric hydrogels are the most promising material for 4D bio-fabrication because they produce a biocompatible and bioresorbable 3D shape environment similar to the extracellular matrix and allow deposition of cells on the scaffold surface as well as in the inside. Subsequently, this review presents different bioresorbable advanced polymers and discusses its use in 4D printing for tissue engineering applications.

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