Implementing Haemovigilance in India as a National Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Vignesh Mano ◽  
Raman S. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Indian Perspective

Haemovigilance is an organized and effective process of monitoring, identifying, reporting, investigating and analyzing adverse events and reactions in case of blood transfusion and during the manufacturing process of blood products. This system ensures the quality and safety aspects of blood transfusion, that bring out corrective and preventing actions and advancement in the transfusion system. Nowadays, most of the developed countries have implemented Haemovigilance in order to monitor adverse reactions and events associated with blood donation and transfusion. This review article is about steps that are required to be taken for the implementation of Haemovigilance on a National level as an Indian perspective.

Blood products are used to treat a multitude of diseases, so the blood transfusion system needs to be enhanced. CRISPR/Cas9 has made it viable to make HLA class I-deleted blood products to avoid rejection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moataz Dowaidar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Hla Class I ◽  
Class I ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Ips Cell

In adults, normal hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow, producing leukocytes, red blood cells, and platelets. Recently, megakaryocytes have been found in mouse lungs and spleen, where they release platelets by blood flow force. Blood products are used to treat a multitude of diseases and conditions that generate cytopenia. The blood transfusion system must be enhanced due to a drop in blood donors due to low birth rate and changing attitudes among young people, pathogen contamination, and rising demand due to chronic blood diseases that are prevalent among the elderly. Pluripotent stem cells, such as embryonic stem (ES) cells, may proliferate in vitro indefinitely and are a prospective source for blood transfusions to replace blood donations.Platelet preparations can be maintained at room temperature to sustain platelet function, but only have a statutory expiry date of five days. Platelets are anucleate cells, thus irradiation before blood donation can lessen the risk of iPS cell infection. Effective treatment requires HLA-compatible platelet transfusions, although supply limits often leave patients underserved. CRISPR/Cas9 has made it viable to make HLA class I-deleted blood products to avoid rejection and lower the odds of platelet-expressed human leukocyte antigen Class I cancer-causing iPS cells (HLA-I). This article discusses the production of megakaryocyte cell lines, bioreactors, and scale-up cultures, as well as identifying viable drugs in manufacturing. HLA-null, iPSC-derived platelet products' universal potential will also be explored.

scholarly journals Haemovigilance: New approach for safe Blood transfusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sravya Sree ◽  
Pasikhanti Shailaja
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Safe Blood

Haemovigilance is an urgent need of the country to identify and prevent occurrence or recurrence of transfusion related adverse reactions, thereby to increase the safety and quality of blood transfusion and blood products administration. Haemovigilance is an organised scheme of monitoring, identifying, reporting, investigating and analysing adverse events and reactions pertinent to transfusion and manufacturing blood products. Thus the information collected will facilitate corrective and preventive actions to minimise the potential risks associated with blood collection, processing and transfusion to patients. Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission has started a Haemovigilance Program of India (HvPI) in 2012 under its Pharmacovigilance Program of India (PvPI) in collaboration with National Institute of Biologicals (NIB), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, under Ministry of Health and Family welfare, Government of India with a primary objective to track adverse reactions/events and incidences associated with blood transfusion and blood product administration. The main objective of this article is to brief (s) about the system which monitors each and every step of transfusion reaction.

scholarly journals Residual Risk of Hepatitis-B-Infected Blood Donations: Estimation Methods and Perspectives

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Kupek
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Yield Model ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
The People ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Low Prevalence

Despite a considerable reduction of the risk of HBV-infected blood donation entering blood supply (residual risk) due to improved screening by HBV NAT in the developed countries, the bulk of the people with HBV living in the developing countries still needs to be screened by serologic tests such as HBsAg and anti-HBc. Many of these countries lack resources for implementing NAT and are likely to remain so in the next decade or longer, thus depending on the HBV residual risk monitoring based on serologic testing and corresponding estimation methods. This paper reviews main HBV residual risk findings worldwide and the methods based on serology used for their calculation with repeat donors, as well as their extension to the first-time donors. Two artificial datasets with high (4.36%) and low (0.48%) HBV prevalence were generated to test the performance of five methods: the original incidence/window-period model based solely on HBsAg, its modification by Soldan in 2003, the Müller-Breitkreutz model, the HBsAg yield model, and its extension to include anti-HBc seroconversions within a year. The last model was closest to the true values of residual risk and had smallest variation of the estimates in both high and low prevalence data. It may be used for residual risk evaluation in relatively small samples, such as regional blood banks data.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic: Challenges and approaches in blood transfusions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Bacterial Transmission ◽  
Donated Blood

One of the goals of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization is to provide adequate healthy blood and reduce the risk of various viral and bacterial transmission infections. With the removal of alternative blood donation, all blood units and blood products are provided through voluntary blood donation in Iran. The Blood Transfusion Organization screens the donated blood according to standard guidelines to ensure blood recipients and physicians of providing healthy and pathogen-free components. With the emergence of novel pathogens, such as the pandemic of the COVID-19 virus, despite Iranchr('39')s self-sufficiency in blood supply and blood products, the number of blood donors has decreased significantly since there is a lack of comprehensive information on pathophysiology and virus transmission ways. Moreover, the existence of some shortages in screening programs can cause problems. Therefore, this study was performed to review the studies conducted investigating this emerging virus regarding blood transfusions and the supply of blood components worldwide.

Blood groups

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Irina Anatolievna Olefir
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Blood Exchange ◽  
The World ◽  
Nobel Prize Laureate

On June 14, 1868, Karl Landsteiner, an outstanding scientist, known for his works in the field of immunohematology and immunochemistry, who received the Nobel Prize for the discovery of blood group systems in 1930, was born in a Viennese family. In 1900, Karl Landsteiner published a work in which he described in detail the process of agglutination that occurs when the blood plasma of one person is mixed with the red blood cells of another one. At that time, the scientist came to the conclusion that this phenomenon was of an immunological nature. In 1901, Landsteiner decided to divide human blood into three subgroups: A, B, and C; a little later, the AB group was added to them, while the C group was renamed as O. In addition, it was Landsteiner who invented a fairly simple scheme that allows developing and introducing the basic principles of blood transfusion into wide practice, and the world got a wonderful opportunity to save hundreds and thousands of human lives. Thanks to this discovery, made more than 100 years ago, more than 100 million donations are made every year around the world, more than half of which are in developed countries with high living standards and incomes. Here people come to blood donation deliberately, and not for the sake of receiving financial or any other benefit. Thanks to blood transfusion, it became possible to successfully carry out many surgical interventions accompanied by the loss of a large amount of blood, exchange blood transfusion for hemolytic disease of newborns, and substitution therapy for many pathological conditions. Karl Landsteiner’s work was highly appreciated: in 1930, due to the discovery of blood groups, he became the Nobel Prize laureate in the field of medicine.

scholarly journals Haemophilia Therapy: A View from the Third World

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.A. Páez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Third World ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Third World

Analysis of the problems facing haemophilia therapy in under developed countries shows high cost of imported replacement material, lack of organized blood transfusion services and exploitation of indigenous population by commercial companies as the main drawbacks. The current situation may be largely improved by the creation of national blood transfusion programmes. Economical and political stability and a social security system, already existing in Costa Rica, makes a national blood transfusion programme based on voluntary blood donation an attainable goal.

Harmony and Discord in China's Africa Strategy: Some Implications for Foreign Policy

2009 ◽  
Vol 199 ◽  
pp. 563-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Alden ◽  
Christopher R. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Pressure Groups ◽  
Policy Making Process ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Policy Solutions

AbstractThis article examines the challenges faced by Beijing in managing this increasingly complex relationship, reflecting upon the structural factors that encourage harmony and introduce discord in China–Africa ties. It examines how various policy solutions being considered by China, ranging from increasing participants in the policy-making process to tentative engagement with international development regimes, may still not address the most difficult issues involving adverse reactions to the Chinese presence from African civil societies and political opposition groups. In particular the lack of a strong civil society inside China inhibits the ability of its policy makers to draw on the expertise of the kind of independent pressure groups and NGOs that are available to traditional donor/investor states. The article concludes by asking how the Chinese system can make up for these weaknesses without moving further towards the existing models and practices of the developed countries.

scholarly journals ФОРСАЙТ-ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЗМІНИ ПРІОРИТЕТІВ ВИРОБНИЧО-ГОСПОДАРСЬКОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
О. В. Дегтярьова
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The Developed Countries

In the article an analysis of modern methods of using forsite technologies, the history of the formation of a foresight as a science is researched. The purpose of the research is to determine the most favorable foresight method for determining the priorities of production and economic activity of enterprises. The object of research is the priorities of the production and economic activity of the state, which is investigated using such methods as comparison and induction. Methods used in the research. The study used methods of comparison, induction. The hypothesis of the research is that the peculiarities of production and economic activity require the use of special foresight-forecasting methods. The statement of basic materials/ Moreover, foresight forecasts of the future point to such global trends that in the near future will have a negative impact on the Ukrainian economy, and the production and economic sector of enterprises in general. The modern world demands from the management of enterprises to predict performance indicators not only for three to five years and ten and more. The originality and practical significance of the research. The conducted researches should be used in determining the method of the form for the site to change the priorities of production and economic activity. Moreover, the identification of trends can be used by decision-makers both at the regional and national level and at the enterprise level. Conclusions of the research are that the use of technological road map is the most expedient. Changes in the priorities of enterprises in the industrial and commercial sector are of particular relevance today, since only Ukraine is lagging behind its technological development from the developed countries of the world.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION AND ITS IMPACT FOR FOOD SECURITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
A.K. Daribayeva ◽  
F. Shulenbaeva ◽  
A. Moldakhmetov ◽  
А.К. Дарибаева ◽  
Ф.А. Шуленбаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

В статье раскрыта важность продовольственной безопасности с учетом точки зрения отечественных авторов. Предложены пути обеспечения продовольственной безопасности в стране за счет эффективного использования экономического потенциала страны в сельскохозяйственном производстве. Рассмотрены тенценции по сокращению миграционных потоков между развитыми странами мира, проблемы, возникшие в сельскохозяйственном производстве в условиях пандемии. Авторами проанализированы процессы сокращнения возможностей использования дешевой рабочей силы мигрирующего населения. Проведен анализ влияния пандемии на сельскохозяйственное производство нашей страны. Изучены тенденции развития сельскохозяйственного производства на мировом и национальном уровне. Выявлены проблемы зависимости от импорта на рынке реализации готовой продукции отрасли пищевой переработки сельскохозяйственного производства. В этой связи произведено переосмысление важности и необходимости сохранения, защиты продовольствененной безопасности, повышенияэффективностисельскохозяйственного производства республики. Изучен агропродовольственный рынок страны путём проведения анализа уровня самообеспечения зерном. Выявлено, что на зерновые культуры приходится около 69,1% всей площади посевов. Рассмотрен комплекс мероприятий по обеспечению продовольственной безопасности страны, в частности авторы предлагают предоставление налоговых и других льгот сельзозпредприятиям, строительство и оптимизацию производственных мощностей предприятий пищевой перерабатывающей промышленности АПК. The article reveals the importance of food security from the point of view of domestic authors. The ways to ensure food security in the country by effectively using the country's economic potential in agricultural production are suggested. The article considers the tendencies to reduce migration flows between the developed countries of the world, as well as the problems that have arisen in agricultural production in the context of the pandemic. The authors analyzed the processes of reducing the possibilities of using cheap labor of the migrating population. An analysis of the impact of the pandemic on agricultural production in our country has been carried out. Trends in the development of agricultural production at the global and national level are studied. The problems of dependence on imports in the market for the sale of finished products in the food processing industry of agricultural production are identified. In this regard, the importance and necessity of preserving and protecting food security and improving the efficiency of agricultural production in the Republic were reconsidered. The agro-food market of the country was studied by analyzing the level of self-sufficiency in grain. It was found that cereals account for about 69.1% of the total area of crops.A set of measures to ensure food security of the country is considered, in particular, the authors propose the provision of tax and other benefits to agricultural enterprises, construction and optimization of production capacities of food processing enterprises of the agro-industrial complex.

Missing Uniform Costs Classification for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment and Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (14) ◽  
pp. 1297-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Maresova ◽  
Kamil Kuca
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
National Level ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Community Health Services ◽  
The European Union ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
The Developed Countries

Background: The importance of the issue of the economic burden of treatment and care for people with dementia is crucial in the developed countries. The European Union and other developed countries are trying to improve the course of aging population which leads to rising costs. Their uniform registration is also one of the objectives of the developed countries’ strategic plans to fight dementia. The individual steps of the plans in practical terms so far are mainly directed to the early diagnosis of diseases, records of the associated data are so far in the background. Aim: The aim of this paper is to specify a set of costs that should be constantly monitored at the national level within dementia. Methods: The main method is a literature review focused on Alzheimer's disease. The searched keywords were "Alzheimer's disease" and "costs" incurred after 2010. The studies will specify the monitored costs and determine their minimal penetration, which will then form the basis for recommendations for the monitored group of costs on a national level. Results: Results of the analysis indicate that the following main cost groups are monitored: medical direct costs (inpatient care, outpatient treatment, medication), non-medical direct costs (day care centres, community health services, respite care, accommodation costs for patients) and indirect costs (time that the carers dedicate to the patient). The issue of different naming and groups of costs calls for a common strategy in this area and defining the minimum items that should be monitored.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document