Pharmacological Activities of Components Contained in Camellia Oil and Camellia Oil Cake and their Applications in Various Industries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-105
Author(s):  
Zhang Li ◽  
Zhong-Chang Wang ◽  
Liang-Bo Zhang ◽  
Hai-Liang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Camellia Oil ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Main Components

Camellia oil is a common edible oil extracted from Camellia oleifera seeds in China, and it is also a traditional medicine for stomachaches and burns in folk. Camellia oil exhibits a good regulation effect on the human heart and brain blood vessels, digestion, reproduction, neuroendocrine and immune system. Meanwhile, various bioactive components such as unsaturated fatty acids, tea polyphenols, squalene, and carotene isolated from Camellia oil exhibit significant free radical scavenging, antioxidant activity, anti-tumor, antiinflammatory and hypoglycemic effects. The material remaining after oil extraction was named as Camellia oil cake, which also contains numerous bioactive components such as sasanquasaponin (SQS), flavonoid and tannin. Many studies had shown that these components have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor and some other special pharmacological activities. In this review, we summarize the main components and its pharmacological activities of Camellia oil and Camellia oil cake, and their applications in various industries, thus providing a valuable reference for the future development and utilization of Camellia seeds.

Evaluation of Bioactive Component, Free Radical Scavenging Potentials and Protein Qualities of Gomphrena celosoides and Zea mays Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1108-1115
Author(s):  
Bob-Chile A. Adaeze ◽  
Peter U. Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Bioactive Components

Background: The assessment of underexploited leaves has become crucial to supplement the rapidly depleting sources of bioactive components as well as provide available nutrient sources for local inhabitants. Methods: This study thus investigated the bioactive components of the oil, and fatty acid composition, free radical scavenging potentials, and protein qualities of leaves of Z. mays and G. celosioides using standard methods. The bioactive components of the oils and fatty acids were determined by Gas Chromatograpy, while the amino acid and in-vitro antioxidant potentials were determined using a Technicon Sequential Multi-Sample (TSM) Amino Acid Analyzer, and spectrophotometer, respectively. Results: The Z. Mays leaves showed the abundance of farnesene, hexadecanoic acids, and caryophellene while G. celosioides produced high level of octadecadienoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and phytol. Z. mays and G. celosioides contained 72.48% and 60.55% unsaturated fatty acids respectively, with the abundance of linolenic acid for Z. mays and oleic acid for G. celosioides. The result for the in vitro antioxidant % inhibition showed a concentration dependent free radical scavenging potentials of the leaves. Both G. celosioides and Z. mays produced greater 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging potentials than ascorbic acid, while at 40ppm the nitric oxide and 2,2- azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical % inhibition of Z. mays leaves were lower than those for ascorbic acid. Discussion: The number of essential amino acids in both plants were 48.20 and 39.25 g/100g, total branched chain amino acids (TBCAA) were 21.15 and 16.92 g/100g, predicted protein efficiency ratios (P-PERs) were in the range of 3.02-3.23 and 2.68-2.77, and the essential amino acid index (EAAI) were 1.52 and 1.48, for Z. mays and G. celosioides leaves respectively. Conclusion: From these results, the utilization of Z. mays and G. celosioides for high quality protein, unsaturated fatty acids and potent antioxidant sources, should be massively encouraged.

Flavones and Their Analogues as Bioactive Compounds – An Overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Jayashree ◽  
H. Venkatachalam ◽  
Sanchari Basu Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Poor Solubility

Flavonoids constitute a large group of polyphenolic compounds that are known to have antioxidant properties, through their free radical scavenging abilities. They possess a chromone (γ- benzopyrone) moiety, responsible for eliciting many pharmacological activities. Even though, natural flavonoids are highly potent, owing to their poor solubility, they are less used. Therefore, attempts have been made to improve their stability, solubility, efficacy and kinetics by introducing various substituents on the flavone ring. For nearly the last two decades, flavones were synthesized in our laboratory by simple, convenient and cost-effective methods, with the knowledge of both synthetic and semi-synthetic chemistry. In this direction, it was considered worthwhile to present an overview on the synthesized flavonoids. This review creates a platform for highlighting various modifications done on the flavone system along with their biological activity.

scholarly journals ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY TEST OF ANDROGRAPHOLIDE IN BITTER HERBS USING DPPH SCAVENGING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Ni Made Pitri Susanti ◽  
Ni Kadek Warditian ◽  
I Made Agus Gelgel Wirasuta
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Abstract Bitter herbs (Sambiloto) have many pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammation. Andrographolide is a diterpene compounds contained in bitter herbs. It is known that andrographolide compound responsible for the pharmacological activity of the bitter herbs. This study investigated DPPH free radical scavenging activity from andrographolide diterpene lactone. This study was initiated with the isolation of andrographolide compound from bitter herbs and then testing their DPPH free radical scavenging. The results suggested that andrographolide had IC50 value of 5.45 mg. This means andrographolide has 50% DPPH inhibition effect, i.e 5.45 mg.

Natural terpenes as substances with multidirectional biological activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Karolina A. Wojtunik-Kulesza ◽  
Monika Waksmundzka- Hajnos
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
The World ◽  
Alzhiemer's Disease ◽  
Main Components

Terpenes, secondary metabolites, are considered by scientists around the World. Multidirectional biological activities of these substances encourage researchers to their detail analysis towards numerous diseases such as neurodegenerative or metabolic. In the presented paper, authors have focused on Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes as potential direction of terpenes’ activity. According to available literature, terpenes exhibit satisfactory antioxidant activity and ability to inhibition AChE, BuChE (Alzhiemer’s disease) and α-amylase, α-glucosidase (diabetes). Basis of the presented research are both essential oils obtained from plants such as salvia, rosemary, basil and lemon balm being one of the main source of natural terpenes, and single compounds. Special attention is paid to monoterpenes as the main components of numerous essential oils. Among terpenes presented in the paper, activity of ocimene, carvone, pulegone, α-phellandrene exhibiting activity towards both free radical scavenging as well as AChE and BuChE inhibition, and α-pinene, citral, limonene that revealing inhibitory activity towards α-amylase and α-glucosidase should be emphasized.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostic review of Astercantha longifolia (L.) Nees, & its possible use in prevention of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Shiva Prasad Mohanty ◽  
◽  
Kshirabdhi Tanaya Rautaray ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Annual Herb

Astercantha longifolia is an annual herb from Acanthaceae family found almost as weed throughout plainlands, all over India. It is very much important from Ayurveda point of view for its curative role in many disease conditions. It is called as Kokilakshya in Ayurveda & Talamakhanna in Unani system. Its importance in Ayurveda can be judged by its visibility in Samhitas & Nighantus. India is a young country with billion plus population & having second highest in COVID affected numbers. Being a viral disease, immunity boosting drugs are the need of the hour & Astercantha longifolia (L) Nees or Kokilakshya fits in this situation perfectly. It has many pharmacological activities and the best action is, its free radical scavenging activity. Viral infections unleash storms of cytokinin, which produces abundant free radicals & the complications of COVID 19 are mainly due to these free radicals [1] . So, keeping all these qualities in mind, an honest attempt is made to enumerate those details and justify its perspective utility in Covid 19.

Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Property of the Saponin from Seeds of Camellia oleifera Abel

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1262-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Ye ◽  
Ya Guo ◽  
Yang Fang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Seeds of Camellia oleifera are used for edible oil extraction, but the defatted seeds are always discarded. In this study, saponin was separated from the seeds after oil extraction by hexane and 70% aqueous methanol, purified by macro-reticular resin AB-8 and crystallized with 80% aqueous ethanol. Its structure was identified by MS, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR analysis. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was determined. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats and Croton-oil induced ear inflammation in mice were tested for its anti-inflammatory ability. The results show the saponin has significant anti-inflammatory effects and free radical scavenging activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Volatile and Phenolic Profiles of Essential Oil and Different Extracts of Wild Mint (Mentha longifolia) from the Pakistani Flora

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahseen Iqbal ◽  
Abdullah Ijaz Hussain ◽  
Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha ◽  
Syed Ali Raza Naqvi ◽  
Tanveer Hussain Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Mentha Longifolia ◽  
Phenolic Profiles ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Radical Scavenging Ability ◽  
Main Components

The antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of the essential oil and three different extracts of wildly grownMentha longifolia(M. longifolia) were studied. The essential oil fromM. longifoliaaerial parts was isolated by hydrodistillation technique using Clevenger-type apparatus. The extracts were prepared with three solvents of different polarity (n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol) using Soxhlet extractor. Maximum extract yield was obtained with methanol (12.6 g/100 g) while the minimum with dichloromethane (3.50 g/100 g). The essential oil content was found to be 1.07 g/100 g. A total of 19 constituents were identified in theM. longifoliaoil using GC/MS. The main components detected were piperitenone oxide, piperitenone, germacrene D, borneol, andβ-caryophyllene. The total phenolics (TP) and total flavonoids (TF) contents of the methanol extract ofM. longifoliawere found to be significantly higher than dichloromethane and hexane extracts. The dichloromethane and methanol extracts exhibited excellent antioxidant activity as assessed by 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability, bleachingβ-carotene, and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation assays. The essential oil and hexane extract showed comparatively weaker antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The results of the study have validated the medicinal and antioxidant potential ofM. longifoliaessential oil and extracts.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Raksha ◽  
Kumar Rajesh ◽  
Sharma Preeti ◽  
Hajam Younis Ahmad ◽  
Rai Seema
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala

Traditional plant-based medicines are still needed by the whole world for their primary healthcare benefits. The phytochemicals or plant extract could be used to treat different diseases and new formulation for the drug discovery in pharmaceuticals. Cinnamomum tamala is commonly called as Indian bay leaf or Tejpatta. The leaves and bark of Cinnamomum tamala are used to cure various diseases due to its various properties including astringent, stimulant and carminative. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the comparative phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activity of the leaf of Cinnamomum tamala. To achieve this, extract was prepared in three solvents (ethanol, ethanol, aqueous and chloroform). Phytochemical screening (qualitative and quantitative) was evaluated in all the three fractions to compare the solubility of various bioactive components. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, flavones and flavonols, tannins, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, saponins and glycosides in leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. Quantitative analysis showed that the total polyphenolic content, total flavonoids content, total alkaloids and total flavones and flavonols content in the hydroalcoholic extract was 48.1 mg GA (gallic acid)/g, 22.1 mg QE (Quercetin)/g, 59.9 mg/g and 1.75 mg RE (Rutin)/g, respectively. DPPH free radical assay revealed that Cinnamomum tamala hydroalcoholic leaf extract at a 100 µm/ml concentration showed 96.99± 0.99% inhibition activity. It can be concluded that most of the bioactive components are found soluble in hydroalcoholic solvent. Cinnamomum tamala hydroalcoholic leaf extract contains various bioactive and also exhibits significant free radical scavenging activity. Hence, it can be used as an alternative remedy for the treatment of various diseases.

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