scholarly journals Promiscuous Biological Features of Newly Emerged SARS-CoV-2 Facilitate its Unrestrained Outbreak: An Update

Coronaviruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asim Azhar ◽  
Khaled Al-hosaini ◽  
Parvez Anwar Khan ◽  
Abdul M Oanz ◽  
Qamar Zia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Virus Structure ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Virus Life Cycle ◽  
Prophylactic Measures ◽  
The World ◽  
Virus World ◽  
Insight Into

: The unrelenting protraction of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), inflicted by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is tending to craft havoc all over the world for the past ten months. Keeping into consideration looming repercussions due to this deadly virus world over, there is an impending necessity to comprehend this newfangled contagion. To develop an effective eradication measure and preventive strategy, knowledge about the virus structure, life cycle, and metabolism is imperative. Better insight into the virus life cycle helps us to identify and design drugs that can hit crucial targets of this dreadful virus. The close genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which triggeredan outbreak in the year 2003, could be of great strategic importance in designing effective drug formulations. This will also help in leveraging immunological measures and development of leveraging immunological measures to develop an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. This eventually will help us to progress our strategies to contain the virus. Not on the positive side, there is some misinformation going all around the world despite the strict regulations from the WHO and other government agencies to inform the citizens to abstain from the rumour-mongering to contain the COVID-19. Further, evidence needs to be gathered on vaccine strategies to cure the patients suffering from COVID-19. This information will also help us in designing both drug inhibitors as well as prophylactic measures against SARS-CoV-2.

Critical Insight into the Attributes of Emerging Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India and Across the World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gaurav M. Doshi ◽  
Hemen S. Ved ◽  
Ami P. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Old Drugs

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced the spread of novel coronavirus (nCoV) globally and has declared it a pandemic. The probable source of transmission of the virus, which is from animal to human and human to human contact, has been established. As per the statistics reported by the WHO on 11th April 2020, data has shown that more than sixteen lakh confirmed cases have been identified globally. The reported cases related to nCoV in India have been rising substantially. The review article discusses the characteristics of nCoV in detail with the probability of potentially effective old drugs that may inhibit the virus. The research may further emphasize and draw the attention of the world towards the development of an effective vaccine as well as alternative therapies. Moreover, the article will help to bridge the gap between the new researchers since it’s the current thrust area of research.

scholarly journals HSC70, HSPA1A, and HSP90AB1 Facilitate Ebola Virus trVLPs to Induce Autophagy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Shan Yu ◽  
Shu-Hao Yao ◽  
Wen-Na Xi ◽  
Lin-Fang Cheng ◽  
Fu-Min Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Virus Protein ◽  
List Type ◽  
Virus Life Cycle ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Chaperone Mediated Autophagy ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTEbola virus (EBOV) can induce autophagy to benefit the virus life cycle, but detailed mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We previously found that EBOV GP and VP40 proteins interact with HSC70 (HSPA8), HSPA1A, and HSP90AB1. Thus, we presumed that EBOV likely induced autophagy by virus protein-host HSC70 or co-chaperon interactions via chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). We developed EBOV-trVLPs to model the EBOV life cycle, infected 293T cells with trVLPs, evaluated CMA by GFP-LC3 and RFP-LAMP1 co-localization, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, and immunoblot analysis. The results demonstrated that EBOV-trVLPs induce autophagy which could not be inhibited by 3-MA significantly; autophagosomes and autolysosomes are obviously in the cytoplasm confirming CMA in cells infected with trVLPs. Meanwhile, a knockdown of HSC70 and relevant co-chaperones could inhibit trVLPs-associated autophagy, but no effort to Akt/mTOR/PHLPP1 pathway. These data indicate that EBOV-trVLPs could induce autophagy by CMA but was not limited by the CMA pathway. HSC70, HSPA1A, and HSP90AB1 participate and regulate CMA induced by EBOV-trVLPs. This was the first study about EBOV-trVLPs-induction of CMA and provides insight into the viral protein-host protein interaction, which is probably associated with CMA.HighlightsEBOV-trVLPs induce chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) but are not limit by CMA.HSC70, HSPA1A, and HSP90AB1 facilitate EBOV-trVLPs to induce autophagyKnockdown of HSC70, HSPA1A, and HSP90AB1 inhibit EBOV-trVLPs-induced CMA.

scholarly journals Advanced Detector Development for Electron Microscopy Enables New Insight into the Study of the Virus Life Cycle in Cells and Alzheimers Disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (S2) ◽  
pp. 8-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-C Milazzo ◽  
J Lanman ◽  
JC Bouwer ◽  
L Jin ◽  
ST Peltier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Alzheimers Disease ◽  
Virus Life Cycle ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
In Cells

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009

scholarly journals Alkaloids as Potential Phytochemicals against SARS-CoV-2: Approaches to the Associated Pivotal Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagher Majnooni ◽  
Sajad Fakhri ◽  
Gholamreza Bahrami ◽  
Maryam Naseri ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Farzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
Virus Life Cycle ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Chemistry Plant ◽  
Effective Treatments

Since its inception, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected millions of people around the world. Therefore, it is necessary to find effective treatments against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), as it is the viral source of COVID-19. Alkaloids are one of the most widespread plant-derived natural compounds with prominent antiviral effects. Accordingly, these phytochemicals have been promising candidates towards discovering effective treatments for COVID-19. Alkaloids have shown potential anti-SARS-CoV activities via inhibiting pathogenesis-associated targets of the Coronaviridae family that are required for the virus life cycle. In the current study, the chemistry, plant sources, and antiviral effects of alkaloids, as well as their anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect with related mechanisms, are reviewed towards discovering an effective treatment against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Architecture of a SARS-CoV-2 mini replication and transcription complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liming Yan ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Ji Ge ◽  
Litao Zheng ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Helicase Activity ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Virus Life Cycle ◽  
Primer Rna ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Variable Interactions

AbstractNon-structural proteins (nsp) constitute the SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription complex (RTC) to play a pivotal role in the virus life cycle. Here we determine the atomic structure of a SARS-CoV-2 mini RTC, assembled by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, nsp12) with a template-primer RNA, nsp7 and nsp8, and two helicase molecules (nsp13-1 and nsp13-2), by cryo-electron microscopy. Two groups of mini RTCs with different conformations of nsp13-1 are identified. In both of them, nsp13-1 stabilizes overall architecture of the mini RTC by contacting with nsp13-2, which anchors the 5′-extension of RNA template, as well as interacting with nsp7-nsp8-nsp12-RNA. Orientation shifts of nsp13-1 results in its variable interactions with other components in two forms of mini RTC. The mutations on nsp13-1:nsp12 and nsp13-1:nsp13-2 interfaces prohibit the enhancement of helicase activity achieved by mini RTCs. These results provide an insight into how helicase couples with polymerase to facilitate its function in virus replication and transcription.

scholarly journals An Introduction to SARS Coronavirus 2; Comparative Analysis with MERS and SARS Coronaviruses: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa TAHERIZADEH ◽  
Alireza TABIBZADEH ◽  
Mahshid PANAHI ◽  
Fahimeh SAFARNEZHAD TAMESHKEL ◽  
Mahsa GOLAHDOOZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Organization ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Virus Structure ◽  
Virus Life Cycle ◽  
Current Review ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Respiratory Droplets

Since the 1970 the replication and pathogenesis mechanism of different coronaviruses have been studded.. In 2002-2003, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) in China emerged which resulted in 8098 cases and 774 deaths. About 10 years later in 2012, the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus) spread in Middle Eastern countries and leads to infection in 2465 cases. In Dec 2019, another acute respiratory disease caused by a novel coronavirus named SARS-2 emerged in Wuhan, China. The virus is assumed to be mainly transmitted by respiratory droplets. Travels and communications leads to high prevalence of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in the world, and currently in Iran. The current review was conducted to compare the virus structure, genome organization, virus life cycle, pathogenesis and prediction the future of COVID-19.

Ultrastructure of neuromuscular relationships in the canine heartworm (dirofilaria immitis)

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 278-279
Author(s):  
W. L. Steffens ◽  
Nancy B. Roberts ◽  
J. M. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Dirofilaria Immitis ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Canine Heartworm ◽  
The World ◽  
Synaptic Region ◽  
Muscle Innervation ◽  
Insight Into

The canine heartworm is a common and serious nematode parasite of domestic dogs in many parts of the world. Although nematode neuroanatomy is fairly well documented, the emphasis has been on sensory anatomy and primarily in free-living soil species and ascarids. Lee and Miller reported on the muscular anatomy in the heartworm, but provided little insight into the peripheral nervous system or myoneural relationships. The classical fine-structural description of nematode muscle innervation is Rosenbluth's earlier work in Ascaris. Since the pharmacological effects of some nematacides currently being developed are neuromuscular in nature, a better understanding of heartworm myoneural anatomy, particularly in reference to the synaptic region is warranted.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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