Diet Supplementation with Madagascar Cockroach Flour (Gromphadorhina portentosa) Improved Malnourished Mice Metabolism and Ameliorated Liver Inflammatory Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Janaína Ribeiro Oliveira ◽  
Junio Cota ◽  
Bruna Mara Carvalho ◽  
Theles de Oliveira Costa ◽  
Diego Vicente da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Protein Food ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Gromphadorhina Portentosa

Background: Malnutrition and accessible high-quality protein food sources are two of the world’s alimentary challenges. Edible insects are nowadays recognized as a possible functional food solution with lower environmental impacts and beneficial health effects. Objective: In this context, the aim of the present study is to evaluate Madagascar cockroach (Gromphadorhina portentosa) flour supplementation effects on a malnourished mice model, considering its effects on metabolism, adiposity, and inflammatory liver profiles. Method: Male Swiss mice are divided into five groups and fed with experimental diets for eight weeks, including a standard diet (ST) ad libitum, AIN93 ad libitum (AIN), insect flour-enriched AIN93 (AIN+IM), AIN-40% feed restriction (AIN-FR), and insect flour-enriched AIN-40% of feed restriction (AIN-FR+IM). The metabolic profiles, adipose tissue, biochemical parameters, and liver IL-6 and IL-10 expression are evaluated. Results: The main findings show a body weight and metabolism improvement followed by an increased recovery of the adipocyte area in the AIN-FR+IM group when compared to the AIN-FR malnourished group. Reduced hepatic IL-6 and increased IL-10 expression are also detected in the AIN-FR+IM group. Conclusion: The results show that insect flour supplementation enhances both body weight and adiposity gain/recovery. The results also show hepatic improvement of inflammatory markers.

scholarly journals Productive performance, body chemical composition, and deposition of 42-day-old quail for meat subjected to quantitative dietary restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane De Oliveira Grieser ◽  
Simara Márcia Marcato ◽  
Mariana Fátima Zanon Ferreira ◽  
Taciana Maria de Oliveira-Bruxel ◽  
Vittor Zancanela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dietary Restriction ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Protein Deposition ◽  
Ad Libitum

This study aimed to assess the effect of quantitative dietary restriction during refeeding on the performance, body chemical composition, and deposition, weight gain of organs and carcass parts of quails reared for meat (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). A total of 144 quails, between 11 to 42 days old, were distributed in a completely randomized design, 4x2 factorial scheme, at four levels of feed restriction (ad libitum, 30%, 50% and 70% restrictions on the daily intake ad libitum) for both genders. Therefore, there was eight treatments with three replicates and six birds each. At the tenth day of age, the animals were housed in cages, where remained for four days under adaptation. Dietary restriction was applied between the days 15 and 35 while refeeding was carried out from day 36 to 42. Compensatory weight gain (CWG), i.e. weight gain of organs and carcass parts, and feed efficiency (FE) were improved for quails under feed restriction. Fat (F), crude protein (CP), protein deposition rate (PDR) and fat in females (FDf) and carcass retained energy in females (CREf) increased linearly as restriction levels decreased. Maximum estimates of feed intake for males (MFIm), compensatory weight gain for males (CWGm) and females (CWGf), feed efficiency for males (FEm), protein deposition for males (PDm) and carcass retained energy in males (CREm) were obtained with restriction levels of 43.56%, 30.56%, 63.93%, 62.63%, 80.25%, 1.94% and 09.34% if compared to ad libitum, respectively. As a result, we concluded that according to quantitative feed restriction level, significant increases in feed efficiency and body weight gain, as well as decreases in carcass fat throughout quail refeeding period. As for gender, given the existing sexual dimorphism, females lost greater body weight than males under dietary restriction, besides showing higher protein and fat gains in the carcass and an enhanced feed efficiency during refeeding.

scholarly journals Response of slow-growing chickens to feed restriction and effects on growth performance, blood constituents and immune markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef A Attia ◽  
Abd-Elhamid E Abd-Elhamid ◽  
Manal Mustafa ◽  
Mohammed A Al-Harthi ◽  
Mai Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immune Markers ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Slow Growing

An experiment was conducted to study the response of a slow growing chickens breed “Sinai” to feed restriction (FR) and the effects on growth performance, blood constituents and immune markers using a total number of 60 unsexed 7-d-old chicks. Chickens were housed in battery brooders during d 1 to 35 of age and randomly distributed keeping similar initial body weight, in two FR treatment groups. During 0-6 d of age, chickens were fed ad libitum, a mash commercial diet. During d 7-14 of age, chickens were fed either 100 or 80 % of the daily amount of feed consumed by the control group during the previous day. From d 15 to d 35, chickens were fed ad libitum diets a mash commercial diet. At the end of the experiment, body weight gain on the FR regimen was significantly lower than that of the control group, but feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected. In addition, red blood cells parameters and white blood cells traits were not negatively affected. However, hemagglutination inhibition titter for New castle disease virus, monocyte and total cholesterol were significantly decreased by FR regimen, but blood plasma albumin and immunoglobulin A significantly increased. In conclusion, slow growing chickens could tolerate 27.2 % FR during the 2nd week of age without significant differences in feed intake and FCR for the whole period, and general health status and metabolic profiles indicating a compensatory growth during 15-35 d of age although growth was in favour to the unrestricted group. 

Lactational responses of dairy cows to changes in dietary protein fed at different stages of lactation

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 17-17
Author(s):  
Bethan L Wood ◽  
D J Roberts ◽  
E A Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Ad Libitum

There is evidence from a range of experiments of increases in milk production, including improvements in milk protein content, to additional dietary inclusions of low degradability ‘animal’ protein sources. This experiment was designed to examine the effect of stage of lactation on the response of dairy cows to increased dietary protein.The continuous design experiment was conducted with 20 individually fed autumn calved dairy cows and four heifers over the first 26 weeks of lactation. The animals were fed initially a ‘standard diet’ of silage ad libitum and 8 kg (freshweight) of concentrate per day up to the 14th day of lactation. The cows were then allocated to four balanced groups of five cows (and one heifer) on the basis of lactation number, body weight and current milk yield. The data recorded during the first 14 days were used for subsequent covariance analysis.

scholarly journals Carcass characteristics of Canindé goats subjected to feed restriction

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Batista Bezerra ◽  
Severino Gonzaga Neto ◽  
Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros ◽  
Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho ◽  
Safira Valença Bispo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Chest Circumference ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on the carcass characteristics of castrated Canindé goat kids. A randomized block design was used, in which 21 goat kids with a body weight (BW) of 15.9±1.0kg were allocated to three levels of feed restriction: ad libitum, 20% and 40% restriction related to the ad libitum intake. The diet consisted of 55% forage (Tifton) and 45% concentrate. All animals were slaughtered when the kids fed ad libitum reached a BW of 25kg. After slaughter, the carcasses were chilled for 24 hours and subsequently measured. Kids fed ad libitum and subjected to 20% feed restriction showed similar morphometric carcass measurements, except for the chest circumference. Goat kids fed ad libitum exhibited greater values for warm and cold carcass yields compared with those subjected to 40% feed restriction and did not differ from the kids under 20% feed restriction. Weights of the commercial cuts showed decreasing mean values according to the intensity of feed restriction. Castrated Canindé goat kids subjected to 20% feed restriction presented similar carcass yields and proportion of commercial cuts to those fed ad libitum.

EFFETS DES METHODES DE RATIONNEMENT SUR LES PERFORMANCES ET LA QUALITE DES CARCASSES DES PORCS DE MARCHE

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL FLIPOT ◽  
G. L. ROY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Restricted Diet ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Vitamin And Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Feeding Systems

Growth, feed efficiency, and carcass data were obtained on ninety-four (94) crossbred pigs, to study the effect of types of feed restriction. The feeding treatments used in this experiment were as follows: (1) ad libitum; (2) 30–45 min per meal twice a day; (3) restricted to 85% of treatment 1, but with a 15% increase in protein, vitamin, and mineral supplementation; the pigs were started on this treatment at 27 kg of body weight; (4) same as treatment 3, but starting at 57 kg of body weight; (5) fasting once a week, starting at 27 kg of body weight; (6) same as treatment 5, but starting at 57 kg of body weight. During the rest of the week, pigs on treatments 5 and 6 were fed as on treatment 2. The pigs fed ad libitum were superior (P = 0.05) in growth rate and feed efficiency to those on a restricted diet. Those which fasted once a week starting at a body weight of 27 kg were significantly inferior (P = 0.05) to those on the other treatments. Backfat thickness and loin length were increased (P = 0.05) by the ad libitum feeding treatment, whereas carcass length and weight, ham weight, and rib eye area were not significantly affected (P = 0.05) by the feeding systems. Castrated males were superior (P = 0.05) to females in growth and inferior (P = 0.05) in carcass quality. The females had longer carcasses, leaner hams, and larger rib eye areas (P = 0.05) than the males. Crossbred Poland China × Yorkshire–Lacombe (P × Y–Lc) had heavier and fatter carcasses (P = 0.05) than crossbred Poland China × Yorkshire–Landrace (P × Y–Ld). However, rib eye area and dressing percentage were superior (P = 0.05) for the P × Y–Lc cross.

Lepidium Meyenii Supplemented Diet Modulates Neurobehavioral and Biochemical Parameters in Mice Fed High-Fat-High-Sugar Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony T. Olofinnade ◽  
Abiola Alawode ◽  
Adejoke Y. Onaolapo ◽  
Olakunle J. Onaolapo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lepidium Meyenii ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Metabolic syndrome has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and neurodegenerative disorders. Known side-effects of currently-available drugs necessitate the search for possibly better treatment options. Objective: This study examined the effects of dietary lepidium meyenii (MACA) supplementation on neurobehaviour, metabolic profile, levels of inflammatory markers, and oxidative stress parameters in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome. Methodology: Mice were randomly-assigned into 8 groups of ten animals each. Groups consist of standard diet (SD) control, high fat/high sugar (HFHS) control and three groups each of lepidium meyenii incorporated into either SD or HFHS diet at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 %. Mice were fed for seven weeks, and body weight was measured weekly. Open-field behaviors and radial-arm/Y-maze spatial memory were scored at the end of the study. Twenty-four hours after the last behavioral test, fasting blood glucose levels were estimated. Animals were then euthanized, and blood taken for estimation of serum lipid profile. Whole brains were excised, weighed and homogenized for the estimation of levels of lipid peroxidation, inflammatory markers, antioxidant status, and acetylcholinesterase activity. Results: MACA-supplemented diet was associated with a decrease in body weight gain, an increase in food intake (at lower concentrations), suppression of grooming behavior, and decrease in acetylcholinesterase activity. MACA-supplement also reversed HFHS-induced memory impairment, anxiety, hyperglycaemia, lipid derangement, oxidative stress, and derangement of inflammatory markers. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with MACA shows beneficial effects in mitigating the effects of metabolic syndrome on the brain in mice.

scholarly journals Important Food Sources of Sugars and Body Weight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Feeding Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1620-1620
Author(s):  
Annette Cheung ◽  
Danielle Lee ◽  
Nema McGlynn ◽  
Sabrina Ayoub-Charette ◽  
Fei Au-Yeung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Energy Control ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Objectives Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) have been linked to weight gain, and it is unclear if other food sources of fructose-containing sugars behave similarily. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled feeding trials to assess the effect of different food sources of fructose-containing sugars on body weight. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane library were searched through January 2019. We included controlled feeding trials of ≥2 weeks investigating the effect of different food sources of sugars. Four levels of energy control were prespecified: substitution (energy-matched comparisons); addition (energy from sugars added to diet); subtraction (energy from sugars subtracted from diet); or ad libitum (energy from sugars freely replaced). The primary outcome was body weight. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias. Data were pooled using random effects models and expressed as mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). GRADE assessed the certainty of evidence. Results We identified 110 controlled trials (N = 5133) assessing the effect of 7 different food sources of fructose-containing sugars (SSBs, fruit, fruit juice, dried fruit; baked goods, sweets, & desserts; mixed sources; added caloric sweeteners). No effect on body weight was observed in substitution trials, whereas there was an increasing effect in addition trials (MD, 0.23 kg [95% CI, 0.06 to 0.40]) and ad libitum trials (1.43 kg [0.78 to 2.16]), and a decreasing effect in subtraction trials (–0.52 kg [–1.02 to −0.02]). There was evidence of interaction by food source with fruit showing weight loss in substitution trials and SSBs showing weight gain in addition trials. The certainty of evidence was moderate for the effects in the addition and subtraction trials and high for the effects in the substitution and ad libitum trials. Conclusions Energy control and food source appear to mediate the effect of fructose-containing sugars on body weight. Food sources of fructose-containing sugars adding excess energy to diets (especially sugars-sweetened beverages) appear to lead to weight gain. There is low to moderate likelihood that more research will substantially alter our estimates (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier, NCT02558920) Funding Sources American Society for Nutrition Foundation (commissioned and funded), Diabetes Canada.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF REDUCED FEED INTAKE ON ZEARALENONE METABOLISM AND TOXICITY IN THE RAT

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. KIRITSY ◽  
M. J. LATTA ◽  
D. W. FITZPATRICK
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
Conjugated Metabolites

Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of reduced feed intake on the metabolism and toxic expression of zearalenone. Young female rats were fed a standard diet either ad libitum or 75% of ad libitum intake. The enzyme activities of 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSD) and uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase (UDP-G), the zearalenone metabolizing enzymes, were determined after 14 d of feeding. When feed was restricted, 3α-HSD activity increased 28% while UDP-G activity increased 79% compared to fed controls. After 14 d of feeding, animals were orally dosed with 1 mg zearalenone kg−1 body weight; zearalenone and its metabolites were measured in urine and feces. Feed restriction resulted in more conjugated zearalenone being excreted in the urine, with a corresponding decrease in α- and β-zearalenols produced and fecal metabolites compared to fed animals. No conjugated metabolites were found in the feces. Animals were fed the same diet, but 0–150 ppm zearalenone were added for 3 wk and growth and organ weights were determined. Feed restriction ameliorated zearalenone's toxic expression. These results indicate that nutritional regimen effects zearalenone metabolism, excretion and toxicity. Key words: Mycotoxin, zearalenone, feed intake, toxicity

scholarly journals Reproductive Performance of Japanese Quail Hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) Fed with Feed Restriction Regimes during Growth Period

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R T Hertamawati ◽  
Suyadi . ◽  
E Soedjarwo ◽  
O Sjofjan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum

Reproductive performance of quail hens (Coturnixcoturnix japonica) at sexual maturity was evaluated following two feeding restriction programs (100%, 90% and 80% of ad libitum) and energy metabolism (EM) of ration: 2900 Kcal/kg and 2800 Kcal/kg) between 2 weeks and 5 weeks of age with five replicates of 10 chicks per replicate. Body weight and feed conversion were measured weekly during feed restriction. After experimental feeding treatment, age at first egg, BW, egg weight, development of reproductive organ on sexual maturity were evaluated of one hen’s quail per treatment. The results of the experiment indicated that the restricted feeding until 80% of ad libitum was consequently (p 0.01) delayed sexual maturity and influence the development of the reproductive organ. However, it did not show significant influence on the body weight of the first-laid egg and initial egg production. Restricted feeding at 90% of ad libitum and EM ration 2900 Kcal/kg showed the best results for quail feed management during growth.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF QUANTITATIVE FEED RESTRICTION ON BROILER GROWTH AND ECONOMICS OF PRODUCTION

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
E. N. Nwachukwu ◽  
S. N. Ibe
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Economic Parameters ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

The effects of quantitative feed restriction on broiler growth and monetary returns were investigated using two hundred and forty Cobb broiler chicks. Three levels of restriction namely, 5 10 and 15% of ad libitum intake, were randomly imposed on different groups. Birds that were restricted in the starter phase of growth were later full-fed in the finisher phase, and vice versa. Body weight was depressed by all levels of feed restriction considered. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was however not significantly affected. Although quantitative feed restriction significantly reduced feed cost the highest revenue was realized from control birds. All economic parameters considered did not show feed restriction as having advantage over full feeding.

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