scholarly journals effectiveness of public expenditure on higher education and the employment in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S3) ◽  
pp. 476-485
Author(s):  
Rubén Macías Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
National Development ◽  
National Program ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
Employment Education

Higher education is the most important element to achieve the redistribution of wealth in a country, for that reason its public spending is a subject to study, also the studied professions, the demanded professions by the market and the salaries received by them, because citizens must be able to attend the principal needs of the nation, thereby increasing their income and achieve a decent life. The objective of the document is to analyze the educational proposal considered in the National Development Plan (PND) 2019-2024 in Mexico, specifically in the objective: “2. Guarantee employment, education, health and welfare” analyzing the proposal “5. Young people writing the future, this is a national program aimed to young people who are enrolled in a center of higher education”. In the methodology, it is made a descriptive analysis of the expenditure on education, that information is published by the Chamber of Deputies in México also analyze the information of the Occupation by Economic Sectors generated by National Institute of Statistic and Geography (INEGI).

scholarly journals Public Expenditures Priorities between Human Development Requirements and Funding Constraints

Webology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1224-1235
Author(s):  
Dr. Dhiaa Hussein Saud ◽  
Dr. Mazen Dawood Salman ◽  
Dr. Amro Hisham Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
The Public ◽  
Oil Markets ◽  
Public Money

Interest in the issue of public Expenditures (spending) priorities increases in times of financial and economic crisis, when restrictions on government funding grow, and financial markets stumble in providing financing channels with the necessary liquidity, as well as when paying attention to increasing the efficiency and productivity of public spending, by reducing the waste of public money and pursuing its allocation between different economic sectors to achieve the public benefit as much as possible and at the lowest possible cost. Among the discussions being raised in this regard is where the priority lies in spending is on sectors that support human development such as (education, health and public services), or the priority of spending on other sectors (which may hinder human development and delay the development of states and civil societies) such as military sectors, armaments, military industries and related sectors. Because each side has its arguments and evidence of modern economic and human experiences, it is difficult to resolve the controversy in a certain direction and ignore the opinion of the second party, but what concerns us is the situation of our country and our society and the economic and social pressures and renewed threats from time to time, and what is the most objective and credible reading of the authors of the philosophy of the Iraqi economy, and its emerging priorities developed after 2003, through the trends of the federal budget in this country. Given the financial crisis that is ravaging the global economy as a result of the Corona pandemic and the great isolation measures Great Lockdown and the repercussions of this crisis on the Iraqi economy as a result of the collapse of the world oil markets, so discussions are escalating in the field of rationalization and efficiency of government public spending, and because the general budget depends on the general revenues on oil revenues by more than 90% in most years after 2003, so an external shock or collapse in the oil market affects the revenues of the general budget, and therefore there is a situation The uncertainty of budget planners and implementers in collecting the revenues required to cover the public expenditure side, and the most important items of governing public expenditure, namely employee compensation, support for the poor and others.

scholarly journals THE NEXUS BETWEEN PUBLIC SPENDING ON EDUCATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF KOSOVO – ECONOMETRIC APPROACH

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besime Ziberi ◽  
Mimoza Hodaj
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Impact

The main aim of this study is to analyze the trend of public spending dedicated to education in case of Kosovo over the years and to measure the impact of public spending in education on economic growth of Kosovo. In order to achieve the goal, the Pearson Correlation is used and a multifactorial regression model (OLS) has been modified and adapted, where we have determined the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as depended variable and as independent variable in the model conclude: (i) Total public expenditure on education (ii) Public expenditure on Secondary Education and (iii) Public expenditure on Higher Education (University). The data used is secondary data from the Kosovo’s State Budget, Ministry of Finance and Transfers, and Kosovo Agency of Statistics. We come in conclusion that public spending dedicated to the Higher Education (University) has a positive impact on Kosovo's economic growth meanwhile the public spending on secondary education and total public expenditure on education in the model circumstances show no significance. The paper comes with further recommendations on public spending policies dedicated to education in order to influence Kosovo's economic growth.

scholarly journals The Nexus Between Public Spending on Education and Economic Growth of Kosovo (Econometric Approach)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-296
Author(s):  
Besime Ziberi ◽  
Rrezarta Gashi ◽  
Mimoza Hodaj
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
State Budget ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The main aim of this study is to analyse the trend of public spending dedicated to education in case of Kosovo over the years and to measure the impact of public spending in education on economic growth of Kosovo. In order to achieve the aim, the Pearson Correlation has been used and a multifactorial regression model (OLS) has been modified and adapted, where we have determined the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a dependent variable and as an independent variable in the model: (i) Public expenditure on secondary education and (ii) Public expenditure on higher education (university). The data used are secondary data from the Kosovo’s State Budget, Ministry of Finance and Transfers, and Kosovo Agency of Statistics. We have come to a conclusion that public spending dedicated to higher education (university) has a positive impact on Kosovo’s economic growth meanwhile public spending on secondary education does not show any effect. The paper suggests further recommendations on public spending policies dedicated to education in order to influence Kosovo’s economic growth.

scholarly journals Aspirations for Higher Education: Evidence from Youth Living in Kenneth Gardens Municipal Housing Estate (Durban)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ndwakhulu Stephen Tshishonga ◽  
Zethembe Mseleku
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Young People ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
National Development ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Entry Requirements

This paper explores the obstacles that prevent young people from accessing higher education. Inadequate and unequal access to higher education internationally and in South Africa, in particular, has undermined young people’s potential to contribute to national development. In South Africa, limited access to higher education for the majority remains a major problem. Hence, young people are underdeveloped socially, economically and academically. Thus, lack of educational opportunities relegates young people to the periphery of the mainstream socio-economic development. This paper uses Kenneth Gardens as a case study to interrogate a lack of access to higher education and its implications for youth vulnerability and non-participation in their own development. The research was qualitative in nature. The imperial data were solicited from semi-structured interviews with Kenneth Gardens youth. In addition, participant observation was used as a research instrument. The major findings from the research were the lack of aspirations as one of the major obstacles that hinder youth from accessing higher education, and the research also found that lack of funding, lack of awareness and inability to meet the minimum university entry requirements were underlying factors. Additionally, a lack of career guidance in schools and unemployed graduates were found to be fundamental for poor access to higher education.

PERILAKU PERAJIN DALAM MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PASAR*

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
P. Eko Prasetyo
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Market Conduct ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Small Scale Industry ◽  
Positive Discrimination ◽  
Equal Right

This study has taken position for developing of small-scale industry (SSI) is necessary strategy or market conduct policy and market performance. For that objective, the realization steps needed are: (a) re-examining about national development objective; (b) conducting political system restructurization that enable all people has equal right to participate in the economic sectors; (c) allocating and distributing economic resources and production facilities in equitable manner especially for rural people; and also (d) making more deep market penetration for goods and services of SSI through issuing inceptives and positive discrimination policies for SSI in supplying their production input, production process and marketing. Promotion intensification and nourishing cooperation with another kind of enterprise will be a beneficial.

SISTEM PENGANGGARAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI DARI OLD PUBLIC MANAGEMENT MENUJU NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
A. Budi Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
National Development ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Service Agency ◽  
Legal Entity

Budget implementation in government agencies has not been effective even though legislation has mandated that performance-based budgeting should be implemented gradually starting in 2005. Some researches on budgeting found a disregard for the prerequisites for the successful implementation of performance-based budgeting, which includes participation, competence, and the clear documents and budgeting procedures. In Indonesia, the reform of budgeting begins with the issuance of Act No. 17 of 2003 on State Finance and Act No. 25 of 2004 on National Development Planning System, which is a product of legislation that became a milestone of reform in national planning and budgeting. In universities in Indonesia budget management system changes begins to be applied especially after the implementation of autonomy in the management of higher education institutions, namely since the issuance of Government Regulation on Higher Education as State-Owned Legal Entity (BHMN), Public Service Agency (BLU), even the latter leads to the State University-Owned Legal Entity(PTN-BH). The change of financial management is not without reason, but is intended to more financial management of performance-oriented, transparent and accountable, the estuary of the increasing good governance. Pelaksanaan anggaran di instansi pemerintah selama ini belum efektif, padahal undang-undang telah mengamanatkan bahwa pelaksanaan penganggaran berbasis kinerja hendaknya dapat dilaksanakan secara bertahap mulai tahun 2005. Beberapa hasil penelitian tentang penganggaran menunjukan adanya pengabaian terhadap prasayarat keberhasilan pelaksanaan penganggaran berbasis kinerja, yang antara lain ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor pendukung seperti partisipasi, kompetensi, dan adanya kelengkapan dokumen dan prosedur penganggaran secara jelas. Di Indonesia, reformasi bidang penganggaran diawali dengan terbitnya Undang-undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara Undangundang Nomor 25 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional merupakan produk undang-undang yang menjadi tonggak sejarah reformasi di bidang perencanaan dan penganggaran nasional. Di lingkungan perguruan tinggi Indonesia perubahan sistem manajemen anggaran mulai diterapkan terutama setelah dilaksanakannya otonomi dalam pengelolaan lembaga pendidikan tinggi, yaitu sejak diterbitkannya Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Perguruan Tinggi sebagai BHMN, BLU, bahkan yang terakhir ini mengarah pada PTN-BH. Perubahan arah pengelolaan keuangan tersebut tidak tanpa alasan, namun dimaksudkan agar pengeloaan keuangan lebih berorientasi pada kinerja, transparan dan akuntabel, yang muaranya tentu pada meningkatnya good governance.

Formacja prawnika wyzwaniem czasów

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-286
Author(s):  
Stanisław Leszek Stadniczeńko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Young People ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
New Vision ◽  
Political Disputes

The author considers the questions relating to the formation of lawyers’ professional traits from the point of view of the significance which human capital and investment in this capital hold in contemporary times. It follows from the analyses, which were carried out, that the dire need for taking up actions with the aim to shape lawyers appears one of the most vital tasks. This requires taking into account visible trends in the changing job market. Another aspect results from the need for multilevel qualifications and conditions behind lawyers’ actions and their decisions. Thus, colleges of higher education which educate prospective lawyers, as well as lawyers’ corporations, are confronted by challenges of forming, in young people, features that are indispensable for them to be valuable lawyers and not only executors of simple activities. The author points to the fact that lawyers need shaping because, among others, during their whole social lives and realization of professional tasks their personality traits and potential related to communication will constantly manifest through accepting and following or rejecting and opposing values, principles, reflexions, empathy, sensitivity, the farthest-fetched imagination, objectivism, cooperation, dialogue, distancing themselves from political disputes, etc. Students of the art of law should be characterized by a changed mentality, new vision of law – service to man, and realization of standards of law, as well as perception of the importance of knowledge, skills, attitudes and competences.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 on the economy and mental health of young people in South Africa: opportunities for strengthening social protection programmes by integrating mental health

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-204
Author(s):  
Alejandra Álvarez-Iglesias ◽  
Emily Garman ◽  
Crick Lund
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Young People ◽  
Child Support ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Employment Education

The majority of COVID-19 cases in sub-Saharan Africa are found in South Africa, where one third of young people are not in employment, education or training. As the world continues to fight the COVID-19 virus spread, an increasing volume of studies are analysing and trying to predict the consequences of the pandemic on the economy and on physical and mental health. This article describes the economic and psychological impact of COVID-19 in South Africa’s youth specifically, the efforts made to tackle these issues, and the opportunities to integrate mental health into the country’s social protection measures, such as the Child Support Grant.

scholarly journals E-cigarettes and smoking in Irish teens: a logistic regression analysis of current (past 30-day) use of e-cigarettes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Hanafin ◽  
Salome Sunday ◽  
Luke Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
School Survey ◽  
Binge Drinkers ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Abstract Aim Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among Irish teenagers has risen significantly. In 2019, prevalence of current use (last 30 days) among 15–17-year-olds was 17.3%. We examine social determinants of adolescent e-cigarette current use. Subject and methods A stratified random sample of 50 schools in Ireland was surveyed in 2019, part of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), with 3495 students aged 15, 16, and 17. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression [providing adjusted odds ratios (AORs)] analyses were performed using Stata version 16. Results Current e-cigarette users were more likely to be male (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI:0.32–0.96, p < .01), younger (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17–0.67, p = < .05), to participate in sport (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.05–4.65, p < .05), to have higher-educated parents (maternal higher education: AOR = 27.54, 95% CI: 1.50–505.77, p = < .05, paternal higher education: AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.00–5.91, p < .05), and less likely to consider their families better off (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13–0.65, p < .01), or to report familial support (AOR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.95, p < .05). They were more likely to be cigarette smokers (AOR = 7.22, 95% CI: 3.97–13.12, p < .001), to report problem cannabis use (AOR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.40–6.93, p < .01), to be ‘binge’ drinkers (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI : 1.00–3.32, p = .054), and to have friends who get drunk (AOR = 5.30, 95% CI: 1.34–20.86, p < .05). Conclusion Boys, smokers, binge drinkers, problem cannabis users, and sport-playing teenagers from higher-educated families, are at particular risk. As the number of young people using e-cigarettes continues to rise, including teenagers who have never smoked, improved regulation of e-cigarettes, similar to other tobacco-related products, is needed urgently to prevent this worrying new trend of initiation into nicotine addiction.

scholarly journals Maternal mental health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Wei ◽  
Ming-Yue Gao ◽  
Mary Fewtrell ◽  
Jonathan Wells ◽  
Jin-Yue Yu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Maternal Mental Health ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Fair Division ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Maternal Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Beijing China

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on breastfeeding women and to identify predictors of maternal mental health and coping. Methods Mothers aged ≥ 18 years with a breast-fed infant ≤ 18 months of age during the COVID-19 pandemic in Beijing, China, completed a questionnaire. Descriptive analysis of lockdown consequences was performed and predictors of these outcomes were examined using stepwise linear regression. Results Of 2233 participants, 29.9%, 20.0% and 34.7% felt down, lonely, and worried, respectively, during the lockdown; however, 85.3% felt able to cope. Poorer maternal mental health was predicted by maternal (younger age, higher education) and infant (older age, lower gestation) characteristics, and social circumstances (husband unemployed or working from home, receiving advice from family, having enough space for the baby, living close to a park or green space). Conversely, better maternal mental health was predicted by higher income, employment requiring higher qualifications, more personal space at home, shopping or walking > once/week and lack of impact of COVID-19 on job or income. Mothers with higher education, more bedrooms, fair division of household chores and attending an online mother and baby group > once/week reported better coping. Conclusion The findings highlight maternal characteristics and circumstances that predict poorer mental health and reduced coping which could be used to target interventions in any future public health emergencies requiring social restrictions.

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