scholarly journals Glucohealth: The potential of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) acid hydrolysed glucomannan as an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 interaction with ACE2

Author(s):  
Amira Hasnanuha Ulayya ◽  
Ahmad Zaki Mubarok ◽  
Widodo Widodo ◽  
Simon Bambang Widjanarko ◽  
Marlita Eklesia

The novel SARS-CoV-2 that causing global pandemic COVID-19 known to enter the host cell using the hACE2 as cell receptor. SARS-CoV S1 protein cleaves the ACE2 receptor, then the S2 subunits facilitates the cell membrane fusion, the inhibition of S1-ACE2 interaction can help develop anti SARS-CoV-2 medication. Porang glucomannan is a polysaccharide known as immunomodulator but never reported as anti-virus by direct inhibition of viral entry. Glucohealth was developed to investigate its potential. Method: Glucohealth is a glucomannan hydrolysate (HGM) that made from porang (Amorphophallus muelleri). Hydrolysis was carried using HCl in different concentration (0.25N, 0.5N, 1N) then analyzed its inhibitor activity using ELISA kit. Result: Higher HCl concentration produced HGM with smaller average particle size and lower glucomannan content. However, ELISA studies showed that glucomannan, including its hydrolysates, have the potency to bind with S1 protein and inhibit the binding activity of S1-ACE2. Degraded glucomannan proven to have better bioactivity and able to interact with pathogen to inhibit its cell entry. This project should be a gateway for further biomedical study of glucomannan from Indonesia’s local tuber and new approach to produce more natural therapy against COVID-19.

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Wen Li ◽  
Zhongbin Bao ◽  
Lijun Chen ◽  
Dongshun Deng

Purpose At present, the conventional method of preparing cationic fluorinated acrylic latex is to emulsify copolymerised monomers with cationic surfactants. However, there has been a wide concern about using Gemini surfactants to prepare cationic polymer latex to improve its properties. The purpose of this paper was to focus on the synthesis of novel self-crosslinked cationic fluorinated acrylic latex (SCFAL), during which the copolymerised monomers were initiated with a water soluble azo initiator and emulsified with mixed surfactants of Gemini emulsifier and alkyl polyglycoside (APG). Design/methodology/approach The novel SCFAL was prepared successfully by the semi-continuous seeded emulsion polymerisation of butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, hexafluorobutyl methacrylate (HFMA) and hydroxy propyl methacrylate (HPMA) in aqueous medium. Findings The conversion is the maximum and the coagulation percentage the minimum when the amounts of emulsifier and initiator are 8 and 0.6 per cent, respectively. The average particle size of the latex is significantly reduced with the increase of the amount of emulsifiers used. However, the average particle size of the latex is increased with the increase of the amount of HPMA. The particle size of the latex is of a unimodal distribution, which means that the particle size was reasonably uniform. Contact angle is increased with the increase of the amount of the HFMA. Practical implications The novel SCFAL can be widely used as significant components in the field of coatings, leather, textile, paper, adhesives and so on. Originality/value SCFAL, which was emulsified with novel mixed surfactants of Gemini surfactant and APG, has been prepared successfully. Influences of amount of initiator, emulsifier, HPMA and HFMA on emulsion polymerisation and/or properties of novel latex are investigated in detail.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Lusi Vusfita Sari ◽  
◽  
Posman Manurung ◽  
Yanti Yulianti ◽  
◽  
...  

The aims of this research is to determine the effect of variation concentration of HCl on chemical composition, phase formed, and particle size on pumice powder. Nanosilica is made using the solgel method with NaOH concentration 4 M, H2SO4 5 M and variation concentration of HCl 0,5; 0,75; 1; 1,25 dan 1,5 M. The XRF results showed the greatest chemical composition value in the silica pumice powder sample with a value of 77.80%. This value is higher after synthesis at the highest chemical composition value in the nanosilica sample 1,25 M HCl concentration of 87.05%. The XRD results show a diffractogram of pumice powder samples formed by anorthite and albite phases while in the nanosilica sample 1,25 M HCl concentrates are debated with the amorphous phase. The TEM results show particle size of nanosilic sample 1,25 M HCl concentration is 5 nm with average particle size (12.02 ± 3.23) nm.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Fitri Lianingsih

The novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the viruses that can infect humans and cause high mortality worldwide. The protease (Mpro) is key SARS-CoV-2 an enzyme mediates the viral replication and the transcription. Mpro is currently used as the candidate for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine because Mpro is one of the key enzymes in the viral life cycle that essential for interactions between the virus and host cell receptor during viral entry. The Mpro can be a target protein to design the novel drug of SARS-CoV-2. The drug design from natural products that are considered to have low toxicity is needed against the virus. The study aims to determines the potential pharmacology of Trisindoline 1 compound from the sponge Hyrtios altum against SARS-CoV-2 and to find the amino acid residues between interaction ligand-protein receptors. The methods of this study use the virtual screening of Auto Dock Vina and visualization the amino acid residue using Bio via Discovery Studio. The result of this study was the selected marine compound from Trisindoline 1 may have potential to developed as inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2.Keywords: In Silico, Mpro, Sars Cov 2, Trisindoline 1, Sponges


MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (57-58) ◽  
pp. 2961-2972
Author(s):  
P.C. Meléndez-González ◽  
E. Garza-Duran ◽  
J.C. Martínez-Loyola ◽  
P. Quintana-Owen ◽  
I.L. Alonso-Lemus ◽  
...  

In this work, low-Pt content nanocatalysts (≈ 5 wt. %) supported on Hollow Carbon Spheres (HCS) were synthesized by two routes: i) colloidal conventional polyol, and ii) surfactant-free Bromide Anion Exchange (BAE). The nanocatalysts were labelled as Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B for polyol and BAE, respectively. The physicochemical characterization of the nanocatalysts showed that by following both methods, a good control of chemical composition was achieved, obtaining in addition well dispersed nanoparticles of less than 3 nm TEM average particle size (d) on the HCS. Pt/HCS-B contained more Pt0 species than Pt/HCS-P, an effect of the synthesis method. In addition, the structure of the HCS remains more ordered after BAE synthesis, compared to polyol. Regarding the catalytic activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in 0.5 M KOH, Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B showed a similar performance in terms of current density (j) at 0.9 V vs. RHE than the benchmark commercial 20 wt. % Pt/C. However, Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B demonstrated a 6 and 5-fold increase in mass catalytic activity compared to Pt/C, respectively. A positive effect of the high specific surface area of the HCS and its interactions with metal nanoparticles and electrolyte, which promoted the mass transfer, increased the performance of Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B. The high catalytic activity showed by Pt/HCS-B and Pt/HCS-P for the ORR, even with a low-Pt content, make them promising cathode nanocatalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFC).


2002 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Sorescu

AbstractWe propose a two-lattice method for direct determination of the recoilless fraction using a single room-temperature transmission Mössbauer measurement. The method is first demonstrated for the case of iron and metallic glass two-foil system and is next generalized for the case of physical mixtures of two powders. We further apply this method to determine the recoilless fraction of hematite and magnetite particles. Finally, we provide direct measurement of the recoilless fraction in nanohematite and nanomagnetite with an average particle size of 19 nm.


1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  


Author(s):  
И.В. Бачериков ◽  
Б.М. Локштанов

При проектировании открытых и закрытых хранилищ измельченных сыпучих материалов древесных материалов, таких как щепа и опилки, большое значение имеет угол естественного откоса (статический и динамический) этих материалов. В технической литературе приводятся противоречивые сведения о величине этих углов, что приводит к ошибкам при проектировании складов. В справочных данных не учитываются условия, в которых эксплуатируются емкости для хранения сыпучих материалов, свойства и состояние этих сыпучих материалов. В свою очередь, ошибки при проектировании приводят к проблемам (зависание, сводообразование, «затопление» и т. д.) и авариям при эксплуатации бункеров и силосов на производстве. В статье представлены сведения, посвященные влиянию влажности и температуры на угол естественного откоса сыпучих материалов. На основании лабораторных и натурных экспериментов, проведенных с помощью специально разработанных методик и установок, была скорректирована формула для определения углов естественного откоса (статического и динамического) для измельченных древесных материалов в зависимости от их фракционного и породного состава, влажности (абсолютной и относительной) и температуры. При помощи скорректированной формулы можно определить угол естественного откоса древесных сыпучих материалов со среднегеометрическим размером частицы от 0,5 мм до 15 мм (от древесной пыли до технологической щепы) в различных производственных условиях. Статья может быть полезна проектировщикам при расчете угла наклона граней выпускающей воронки бункеров и силосов предприятий лесной отрасли и целлюлозо-бумажной промышленности. In the design of open and closed storage warehouses chopped wood materials for bulk materials such as wood chips and sawdust, great importance has an angle of repose (static and dynamic) of these materials. In the technical literature are conflicting reports about the magnitude of these angles, which leads to errors in the design of warehouses. In the referencesdoes not take into account the conditions under which operated capacities for storage of bulk materials, and properties and condition of the bulk material. The design errors lead to problems (hanging, arching, «flooding», etc.) and accidents in the operation of hoppers and silos at the mills. The article provides information on the impact of humidity and temperature on the angle of repose of granular materials. On the basis of laboratory and field experiments, conducted with the help of specially developed techniques and facilities has been adjusted formula for determining the angle of repose (static and dynamic) for the shredded wood materials depending on their fractional and species composition, humidity (absolute and relative) and temperature. It is possible, by using the corrected formula, to determine the angle of repose of loose wood materials with average particle size of from 0.5 mm to 15 mm (wood dust to pulpchips) in various operating conditions. The article can be helpful to designers in the calculation of the angle of inclination of the funnel faces produces bunkers and silos forest industries and pulp and paper industry.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3623-3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fonseca-Santos ◽  
Patrícia Bento Silva ◽  
Roberta Balansin Rigon ◽  
Mariana Rillo Sato ◽  
Marlus Chorilli

Colloidal carriers diverge depending on their composition, ability to incorporate drugs and applicability, but the common feature is the small average particle size. Among the carriers with the potential nanostructured drug delivery application there are SLN and NLC. These nanostructured systems consist of complex lipids and highly purified mixtures of glycerides having varying particle size. Also, these systems have shown physical stability, protection capacity of unstable drugs, release control ability, excellent tolerability, possibility of vectorization, and no reported production problems related to large-scale. Several production procedures can be applied to achieve high association efficiency between the bioactive and the carrier, depending on the physicochemical properties of both, as well as on the production procedure applied. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes Lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The route of administration has a significant impact on the therapeutic outcome of a drug. Thus, the non-invasive routes, which were of minor importance as parts of drug delivery in the past, have assumed added importance drugs, proteins, peptides and biopharmaceuticals drug delivery and these include nasal, buccal, vaginal and transdermal routes. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art concerning the application of the lipid nanocarriers designated for non-invasive routes of administration. In this manner, this review presents an innovative technological platform to develop nanostructured delivery systems with great versatility of application in non-invasive routes of administration and targeting drug release.


Author(s):  
Ekta Shirbhate ◽  
Preeti Patel ◽  
Vijay K Patel ◽  
Ravichandran Veerasamy ◽  
Prabodh C Sharma ◽  
...  

: The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a global pandemic that emerged from Wuhan, China has today travelled all around the world, so far 216 countries or territories with 21,732,472 people infected and 770,866 deaths globally (as per WHO COVID-19 update dated August 18, 2020). Continuous efforts are being made to repurpose the existing drugs and develop vaccines for combating this infection. Despite, to date, no certified antiviral treatment or vaccine prevails. Although, few candidates have displayed their efficacy in in vitro studies and are being repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. This article summarizes synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds displaying potent activity in their clinical experiences or studies against COVID-19 and also focuses on mode of action of drugs being repositioned against COVID-19.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossain Shariare ◽  
Tonmoy Kumar Mondal ◽  
Hani Alothaid ◽  
Md. Didaruzzaman Sohel ◽  
MD Wadud ◽  
...  

Aim: EPAS (evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution) was used in the current studies to prepare azithromycin nanosuspensions and investigate the physicochemical characteristics for the nanosuspension batches with the aim of enhancing the dissolution rate of the nanopreparation to improve bioavailability. Methods: EPAS method used in this study for preparing azithromycin nanosuspension was achieved through developing an in-house instrumentation method. Particle size distribution was measured using Zetasizer Nano S without sample dilution. Dissolved azithromycin nanosuspensions were also compared with raw azithromycin powder and commercially available products. Total drug content of nanosuspension batches were measured using an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) system with Photodiode Array (PDA) detector while residual solvent was measured using gas chromatography (GC). Results: The average particle size of azithromycin nanosuspension was 447.2 nm and total drug content was measured to be 97.81% upon recovery. Dissolution study data showed significant increase in dissolution rate for nanosuspension batch when compared to raw azithromycin and commercial version (microsuspension). The residual solvent found for azithromycin nanosuspension is 0.000098023 mg/ mL or 98.023 ppb. Conclusion: EPAS was successfully used to prepare azithromycin nanoparticles that exhibited significantly enhanced dissolution rate. Further studies are required to scale up the process and determine long term stability of the nanoparticles.


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