Phytogenic Synthesis of Nanoparticles from the Extract of Achyranthes aspera-A Panacea for Dental Health Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1901-1908
Author(s):  
Sunita Khatak
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Zinc Nanoparticles ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Copper Zinc

Achyranthes aspera belongs to Amaranthaceae family and is found in barren and arid regions in India. The plants are categorized as a weed in Ceylon, Asia, Africa and Australia but tribal communities in India have known its benefits for topical treatments of many ailments from Vedic civilizations. The leaf, stem and root aqueous extracts were used for monometallic zinc and bimetallic copper-zinc nanoparticle synthesis and testing antibacterial activity against the diseases causing drug resistant bacterial pathogens viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis using standard methods. Microbes confirmed that the plant contains bioactive compounds that exhibit measurable antimicrobial activity against standard pathogenic bacteria. The nanoparticle synthesis was confirmed by visual color change and UV spectroscopic evaluation of solution. The different plant parts showed different absorption peak at 328 nm,298 nm for roots and stem while 395 nm for leaves in case of zinc nanoparticles while bimetallic Copper-Zinc nanoparticles resulted in peaks at 402.0,400.8 and 402.0 nm for leaf, root and stem respectively. The synthesized nanoparticles of zinc and copper zinc from all three plant parts were further tested for their as cariogenic potential against cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans which resulted in significant zones of inhibition. The plant has antimicrobial literature using organic solvent extracts where researchers reported negligible activity of different plant parts while nanoparticle synthesis resulted in potent zone of inhibition. The bimetallic Cu-Zn will enhance its potential to be used in mask and PPE kits for safety concerns.

scholarly journals Monometallic Zinc and Bimetallic Cu-Zn Nanoparticles Synthesis Using Stem Extracts of Cissusquadrangularis (Haddjod) and Proneness as Alternative Antimicrobial Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-774
Author(s):  
Sunita Khatak ◽  
Naman Wadhwa ◽  
Pranay Jain
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Visible Spectroscopy ◽  
Zinc Nanoparticles ◽  
Bimetallic Nanoparticle ◽  
Cissus Quadrangularis ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Zn Nanoparticles

Cissus quadrangularis belongs to family Vitaceae and is an edible medicinal plant found in India, Malaysia, Java, West Africa and Thailand. Mainly an osteogenic by nature, the plant is used for strengthening joints and bones, reducing pain and helps to re pair fractures so named as “Haddjod”. It has been reported in treatment of Bloody Diarrhea, skin disorders, ear ache, hemorrhoids, irregular menstruation and leucorrhoea. The plant is a potent antioxidant and a anti-inflammatory agent. The activity of aqueous stem extracts against Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli (MTCC-5704), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(MTCC-2295),and two gram positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis(MTCC-121) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC-3160) along with one cariogenic pathogen Streptococcus mutans (MTCC-497) was analyzed using agar well diffusion assay. Zinc nanoparticles and bimetallic Cu-Zn nanoparticles were synthesized using stem as plant part in contradiction to leaves which have been exploited by many nanotechnologists in nanoparticle synthesis as reducing and capping agent. Pathogenic microbes confirmed that the plant contains bioactive compounds which exhibited measurable antimicrobial activity against bacteria. Zinc nanoparticles have abundant scope in food as additives and packaging and are considered safe in food items. Synthesis of Zinc nanoparticles was further confirmed using UV visible spectroscopy and XRD analysis. While bimetallic Cu-Zn nanoparticles were confirmed by simple visual color change and UV visible spectroscopy. The bimetallic have been in more demand as compared to monometallic as they are better in magnetic, optical properties and this is the first report of bimetallic nanoparticle synthesis from Cissus stem.

scholarly journals Pulsed Discharge Plasma in High-Pressure Environment for Water Pollutant Degradation and Nanoparticle Synthesis

Plasma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-331
Author(s):  
Wahyu Diono ◽  
Siti Machmudah ◽  
Hideki Kanda ◽  
Yaping Zhao ◽  
Motonobu Goto
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Discharge Plasma ◽  
Type System ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Plasma Source ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Water Pollutant ◽  
High Voltage Discharge

The application of high-voltage discharge plasma for water pollutant decomposition and the synthesis of nanoparticles under a high-pressure argon gas environment (~4 MPa) was demonstrated. The experiments were carried out in a batch-type system at room temperature with a pulsed DC power supply (15.4 to 18.6 kV) as a discharge plasma source. The results showed that the electrode materials, the pulsed repetition rates, the applied number of pulses, and the applied voltages had a significant effect on the degradation reactions of organic compounds. Furthermore, carbon solid materials from glycine decomposition were generated during the high-voltage discharge plasma treatment under high-pressure conditions, while Raman spectra and the HRTEM images indicated that titanium dioxide with a brookite structure and titanium carbide nanoparticles were also formed under these conditions. It was concluded that this process is applicable in practice and may lead to advanced organic compound decomposition and metal-based nanoparticle synthesis technologies.

Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Psidium Guajava Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 5634-5638
Author(s):  
Sruthi Radhakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Silver Nanoparticle ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Elemental Silver ◽  
Ft Ir

Green route for the synthesis of nanoparticles has become more acceptable than the other chemical as well as biological route. In the present study, silver nanoparticle is synthesized using ethanolic extract of Psidium guajava leaves. Further the synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible Spec, FT-IR, X-Ray Diffraction FESEM and E-DAX. The results of FT-IR provided evidence of the involvement of phytochemicals present in the leaf extract in the reduction of silver nitrate to silver nanoparticles. XRD confirmed the crystalline structure as well as shape of the synthesized nanoparticle as face-centred cubic. E-DAX profiling helped in determining the presence of elemental silver. The size of the nanoparticle procured by SEM analysis was found to be approximately 30-50 nm in size. Thus, the findings of this study showed that the plant assisted method for silver nanoparticle synthesis is more effective and further application level studies can shed lights on their use in healing of various human ailments.   

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THE SYNERGISTIC ANTIBACTERIAL ACTION OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES ON CERTAIN ANTIBIOTICS AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Selvarani Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Agar Disc

Objective: Resistance to antibacterial agents by pathogenic bacteria has emerged in recent years and is a major challenge for the healthcare industry. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) are known to be one of the multifunctional inorganic nanoparticles with effective antibacterial activity. Hence the present investigation has been focused on synthesizing and evaluating the bactericidal effect of copper nanoparticles.Methods: CuNPs were synthesized by reducing the aqueous solution of copper sulfate with sodium borohydride. The synthesized particles were characterized by x-ray diffractogram (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques to analyze size, morphology and quantitative information respectively. The antibacterial activity of CuNPs was examined by agar well diffusion method. Synergistic effect of CuNPs with broad-spectrum antibiotics was determined by the agar disc diffusion method.Results: Color change of reaction mixture from blue to dark brown indicated the formation of CuNPs. SEM image clearly demonstrated that the synthesized particles were spherical in shape and its size was found to be 17.85 nm. EDS report confirmed the presence of elemental copper in the resultant nanoparticles and its accounts for major proportion (96%) of the mass of nanoparticles. Bacterial effect of CuNPs revealed that Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the highest antibacterial sensitivity (16.00±1.63 mm), whereas least susceptibility (9.67±0.47 mm) was noticed against Staphylococcus aureus. An enhanced antibacterial activity of commercial antibiotics was also noticed when it combined with CuNPS. A minimum zone of inhibition was increased from 0.67±0.47 mm to 10.66±0.24 mm when the nanoparticles and antibiotics were given together.Conclusion: It was observed that copper nanoparticles exhibited profound activity against all the tested bacterial strains which shows that CuNPs may serve as a better option for use in medicine in the future.

scholarly journals Detection and Quantification of Superoxide Formed within the Periplasm of Escherichia coli

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (17) ◽  
pp. 6326-6334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei Korshunov ◽  
James A. Imlay
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Free Living ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Superoxide Formation ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Primary Substrate

ABSTRACT Many gram-negative bacteria harbor a copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) in their periplasms. In pathogenic bacteria, one role of this enzyme may be to protect periplasmic biomolecules from superoxide that is released by host phagocytic cells. However, the enzyme is also present in many nonpathogens and/or free-living bacteria, including Escherichia coli. In this study we were able to detect superoxide being released into the medium from growing cultures of E. coli. Exponential-phase cells do not normally synthesize CuZnSOD, which is specifically induced in stationary phase. However, the engineered expression of CuZnSOD in growing cells eliminated superoxide release, confirming that this superoxide was formed within the periplasm. The rate of periplasmic superoxide production was surprisingly high and approximated the estimated rate of cytoplasmic superoxide formation when both were normalized to the volume of the compartment. The rate increased in proportion to oxygen concentration, suggesting that the superoxide is generated by the adventitious oxidation of an electron carrier. Mutations that eliminated menaquinone synthesis eradicated the superoxide formation, while mutations in genes encoding respiratory complexes affected it only insofar as they are likely to affect the redox state of menaquinone. We infer that the adventitious autoxidation of dihydromenaquinone in the cytoplasmic membrane releases a steady flux of superoxide into the periplasm of E. coli. This endogenous superoxide may create oxidative stress in that compartment and be a primary substrate of CuZnSOD.

scholarly journals Studies on the Phytochemical Compounds in the Ethanolic Leaf Extract (ELE), Ethanolic Bark Extract (EBE) and Ethanolic Root Extract (ERE) of Bridelia ferruginea Benth (Euphorbiaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullahi Attah Alfa ◽  
Orukotan Abimbola Ayodeji ◽  
Goji Anthony Donatus Teru ◽  
Kokori Bajeh Tijani
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Suction Pump ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

The phytochemical compounds of Bridelia ferruginea plant parts was carried out using qualitative method to determine the bioactive compounds present in the plant leave, stem bark and root extracts. The samples was weighed, of which 100 g each of the powder were extracted in solvents (ethanol) 1000 ml macerated and stand for 72 hours. The solvents contained in the maceration bottle was decanted and filtered using a filter paper, the filtration was aided using a suction pump. The filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and then transferred into thermostatic water cabinet (Temperature was set at 45oC), allowed to dry completely. The plant parts extracts were separately kept in a screw capped bottle for further research. The bioactive compound in the plant parts were detected. The result revealed that Carbohydrates, Saponins, Flavonoids, Tannins, Cardiac Glycosides, fats and oils were present. Alkaloid present in Dragendoff’s test in all plant parts extract but absent in Mayer’s test in only leaf extract. Terpenoids/Steroids present in Liebermann-Burchard’s test in all plant parts extract but absent in Salkowski’s test in only leaf extract. Anthraquinones were absent in all plant parts extracts using Bontrager’s test. Therefore, the presence of these phyto-pharmacological compounds is an indicative that the plant is medicinal and it can be used for the treatment of bacterial and other microbial infections. Further study can be done to separate the individual metabolites to test their antimicrobial activity against some pathogenic bacteria like bacterial meningitis, tuberculosis and syphilis to determine their potency.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Nanoparticles Using Fortunella margarita Leaves

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 4364
Author(s):  
Rutaba Amjad ◽  
Bismillah Mubeen ◽  
Syed Shahbaz Ali ◽  
Syed Sarim Imam ◽  
Sultan Alshehri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Characteristic Absorption Peak ◽  
Bluish Green ◽  
Dark Green

The use of biomaterials in the synthesis of nanoparticles is one of the most up-to-date focuses in modern nanotechnologies and nanosciences. More and more research on green methods of producing metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) is taking place, with the goal to overcome the possible dangers of toxic chemicals for a safe and innocuous environment. In this study, we synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) using Fortunella margarita leaves’ extract, which reflects its novelty in the field of nanosciences. The visual observation of a color change from dark green to bluish green clearly shows the instant and spontaneous formation of CuNPs when the phytochemicals of F. margarita come in contact with Cu+2 ions. The synthesis of CuNPs was carried out at different conditions, including pH, temperature, concentration ratio and time, and were characterized with UV-Vis absorption spectra, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The UV-Vis analysis reveals the surface plasmon resonance property (SPR) of CuNPs, showing a characteristic absorption peak at 679 nm, while SEM reveals the spherical but agglomerated shape of CuNPs of the size within the range of 51.26–56.66 nm.

scholarly journals Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Melia Azedarach and its Characterization, Corrosion and Antibacterial Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 8577-8586
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Change State

Nanoparticle synthesis by the biological method is economical and environmentally friendly. In the present study, the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles is performed by using extracts of Melia Azedarach plant leaves. The synthesis is performed by adding to the silver nitrate solution to the leaf extract of Melia azedarach. The color change state the precipitation of nanoparticles of silver. The silver nanoparticles obtained were characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD analysis shows the particle size of 11 nm calculated by the Debye-Scherrer. The microstructure analysis shows silver particles of spherical and triangular. The corrosion rate was found to be 0.025 mpy. The green silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) synthesized have better antimicrobial potential against both bacteria’s (Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa).

scholarly journals Antibacterial properties of rain tree ( ) and Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia ) used as fodder in ruminant nutrition

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-341
Author(s):  
F. T. Ajayi ◽  
S. O. Omotoso ◽  
O. J. Babayemi
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Albizia Saman

Acetone and ethanol extracts of Albizia saman (ASL) and Tithonia diversifolia (TDL) leaves used as fodder for ruminant were evaluated for their antibacterial properties against selected pathogenic bacteria. Phytochemical screening was determined according to standard procedures, while antibacterial activity was by agar well diffusion and broth micro dilution methods. The levels of tannin (0.29 and 0.34 mg/100g); saponin (0.75 and 0.59 mg/100g); oxalates (0.17 and 0.14mg/100g); and phytate (0.11 and 0.12 mg/100g) in the fodder plants were below critical levels that may affect digestibility in ruminants. Acetone and ethanol extracts from ASL and TDL showed maximum zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (19.00 and 14.50 mm; 23.00 and 21.50 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.50 and 12.00 mm; 18.50 and 17.00 mm), respectively compared to Gentamycin (9.97 mm). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of acetone and ethanol extracts from ASL ranged from 0.10 to 0.28 mg/mL and 0.13 to 0.22 mg/mL, while TDL extracts ranged from 0.20 to 0.32 mg/mL and 0.20 to 0.31 mg/mL, respectively for all the tested organisms. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of ethanol extracts from both plant ranged from 0.5-0.80 mg/mL and 0.7-0.90 mg/mL compared to MBC values (0.02-0.04 mg/mL) of the reference antibiotic (gentamycin) for all the tested bacteria species. In conclusion, antibacterial properties exhibited by the plant extract implied that the bioactive compounds are potential antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacteria of ruminant or foodborne pathogens in vitro.

scholarly journals Lab-on-a-micromotor: catalytic Janus particles as mobile microreactors for tailored synthesis of nanoparticles

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (42) ◽  
pp. 8056-8064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pacheco ◽  
Beatriz Jurado-Sánchez ◽  
Alberto Escarpa
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽  
Janus Particles ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Cds Quantum Dot ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Catalytic Janus micromotors encapsulating Cd2+ or citrate are used here as mobile microreactors for “on the fly” CdS quantum dot and gold nanoparticle synthesis.

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