scholarly journals The possibilities of Additive Manufacturing in medical use

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-253
Author(s):  
Dániel Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Service Life ◽  
New Materials ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University ◽  
Manufacturing Parameters

Additive Manufacturing has been invented in 1981 at the University of Texas, and to this day it has grown to be the most versatile and promising manufacturing technology in the market, both the industry and health care system has noticed this. Additive Bio-Manufacturing (ABM) techniques, which can be used in health care, are highly in demand, and researches have been going on to make these technologies safer and even more versatile. For more utilization and versatility, special attention is required to develop new materials which can help in increasing the service life, bioactivity, cell growth along with the desired mechanical properties, and to find the right manufacturing parameters for creating optimal products. The aim of this review is to present the available main Additive Manufacturing technologies, and particularly the biomedical usability of Additive Manufacturing.

scholarly journals Possible Applications of Additive Manufacturing Technologies in Shipbuilding: A Review

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Marcin Ziółkowski ◽  
Tomasz Dyl
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Maritime Industry ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Very High

3D printing conquers new branches of production due to becoming a more reliable and professional method of manufacturing. The benefits of additive manufacturing such as part optimization, weight reduction, and ease of prototyping were factors accelerating the popularity of 3D printing. Additive manufacturing has found its niches, inter alia, in automotive, aerospace and dentistry. Although further research in those branches is still required, in some specific applications, additive manufacturing (AM) can be beneficial. It has been proven that additively manufactured parts have the potential to out perform the conventionally manufactured parts due to their mechanical properties; however, they must be designed for specific 3D printing technology, taking into account its limitations. The maritime industry has a long-standing tradition and is based on old, reliable techniques; therefore it implements new solutions very carefully. Besides, shipbuilding has to face very high classification requirements that force the use of technologies that guarantee repeatability and high quality. This paper provides information about current R&D works in the field of implementing AM in shipbuilding, possible benefits, opportunities and threats of implementation.

Additive Manufacturing of Nickel-Based Superalloys

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Graybill ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
David Malawey ◽  
Chao Ma ◽  
Juan-Manuel Alvarado-Orozco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Operating Environments ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Additive manufacturing enables the design of components with intricate geometries that can be manufactured with lead times much shorter when compared with conventional manufacturing. The ability to manufacture components out of high-performance metals through additive manufacturing technologies attracts industries that wish to develop more complex parts, but require components to maintain their structural integrity in demanding operating environments. Nickel-based superalloys are of particular interest due to their excellent mechanical, creep, wear, and oxidation properties at both ambient and elevated temperatures. However, relationship between process parameters and the resulting microstructure is still not well understood. The control of the microstructure, in particular the precipitation of secondary phases, is of critical importance to the performance of nickel-based superalloys. This paper reviews the additive manufacturing methods used to process nickel-based superalloys, the influence of the process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties, the effectiveness of various heat treatment regimens, and the addition of particles in order to further improve mechanical properties.

Innovative approaches to designing and manufacturing a prosthetic thumb

2020 ◽  
pp. 030936462094971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Štefanovič ◽  
Monika Michalíková ◽  
Lucia Bednarčíková ◽  
Marianna Trebuňová ◽  
Jozef Živčák
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
The Right ◽  
Manufacturing Time

Case description: Conventional methods for producing custom prosthetic fingers are time-consuming, can be uncomfortable for the patient, and require a skilled prosthetist. The subject was a 40-year-old male with congenital absence of the thumb and related metacarpal bone on the right non-dominant hand, anomaly of the lengths of individual upper limb segments, and contracture of the elbow joint. This hand presentation made it impossible for him to perform thumb opposition, which is a very important function for common daily activities. Objective: The goal was to design an individual passive thumb prosthesis using free open-source software, 3D scanning technology, and additive manufacturing methods (i.e., fused filament fabrication). Study design: Case report. Treatment: Artificial thumb prostheses with two types of bases and fastening interfaces were designed and manufactured. One combination was chosen as the best alternative. Outcomes: The shape, positioning, firmness, and fastening of the prosthesis were compliant enough for the patient to be able to hold objects with his healthy fingers and artificial thumb. This innovative approach to fabrication of a custom thumb prosthesis provided considerable advantages in terms of custom sizing, manufacturing time, rapid production, iteration, comfort, and costs when compared to conventional methods of manufacturing a hand prosthesis. Conclusion: The methodology of designing and manufacturing a prosthetic thumb using 3D scanning and additive manufacturing technologies have been demonstrated to be adequate from a practical point of view. These technologies show potential for use in the practice of prosthetics.

scholarly journals A Partial Magnetometer Survey of The Archaeological Conservancy’s Portion of the A. C. Saunders Site (41AN19)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale Hudler ◽  
Jonathan Jarvis ◽  
Tim Griffith
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Principal Investigator ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
The Right ◽  
The University

The Texas Archeological Research Laboratory (TARL) at The University of Texas at Austin conducted a partial magnetometer survey of The Archaeological Conservancy-owned portion of the A. C. Saunders site (41AN19) during the period between 6-8 December 2005. This survey was sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation Environmental Affairs Division (TxDOT/ENV) due to a proposed expansion of the right-of-way of U.S. Highway 175 and was conducted under a research design approved by The Archeological Conservancy and TxDOT/ENV. The work was conducted under the direction of Dale Hudler (Principal Investigator) from TARL with a joint TARL/Prewitt and Associates, Inc. field crew (Jonathan Jarvis, TARL and Tim Griffith, Prewitt and Associates, Inc.).

Medical and Dental Electronic Health Record Reporting Discrepancies in Integrated Patient Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
S. Adibi ◽  
M. Li ◽  
N. Salazar ◽  
D. Seferovic ◽  
K. Kookal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Science Center ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Texas Health ◽  
Dental Records ◽  
The University

Introduction: Oral health mirrors systemic health; yet, few clinics worldwide provide dental care as part of primary medical care, nor are dental records commonly integrated with medical records. Objectives: To determine the degree to which misreporting of underlying health conditions poses problems for dental clinicians, we assessed misreporting of 2 common medical health conditions—hypertension and diabetes—at the time of dental examination and assessment. Methods: Using comparative chart analysis, we analyzed medical records of a diverse group of patients previously seen at the University of Texas Physician outpatient practice and then treated at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry. Electronic health records of patients aged ≥18 y were extracted from 2 databases: Allscripts (University of Texas Physician) and axiUm (University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston). We identified 1,013 patients with the commonly occurring conditions of diabetes, hypertension, or both, with nonintegrated records contained in Allscripts and axiUm. We identified the percentage of those patients previously diagnosed with diabetes and/or hypertension by their physicians who failed to report these conditions to their dental clinicians. Results: Of those patients with diabetes, 15.1% misreported their diabetes condition to their dental clinicians, while 29.0% of patients with hypertension also misreported. There was no relationship between sex and misreporting of hypertension or diabetes, but age significantly affected reporting of hypertension, with misreporting decreasing with age. Conclusions: Because these conditions affect treatment planning in the dental clinic, misreporting of underlying medical conditions can have negative outcomes for dental patients. We conclude that policies that support the integration of medical and dental records would meaningfully increase the quality of health care delivered to patients, particularly those dental patients with underlying medical conditions. Knowledge Transfer Statement: Our study illustrates an urgent need for policy innovation within a currently fragmented health care delivery system. Dental clinicians rely on the accuracy of health information provided by patients, which we found was misreported in ~15% to 30% of dental patient records. An integrated health care system can close these misreporting gaps. Policies that support the integration of medical and dental records can improve the quality of health care delivered, particularly for dental patients with underlying medical conditions.

Validation of a low-cost selective powder deposition process through the characterization of tin bronze specimens

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110319
Author(s):  
Samuel Magalhães ◽  
Manuel Sardinha ◽  
Carlos Vicente ◽  
Marco Leite ◽  
Relógio Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Metal Powders ◽  
Tin Bronze ◽  
Powder Deposition ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
The Cost

Additive manufacturing technologies are becoming increasingly popular due to their advantages over traditional subtracting manufacturing technologies. Despite advances in this field, fixed and maintenance costs for additive manufacturing with metals remain high. The introduction of low-cost metal machines in the additive manufacturing market considerably reduces the cost of acquiring and maintaining this type of equipment. This work aims to establish the process requirements for a low-cost selective powder deposition process, and validate it through the production of specimens in the laboratory and evaluate their mechanical properties. Tin bronze specimens were produced under different manufacturing conditions, namely powder dimensions, type of crucible and coke, firing segments and casting strategy. The morphology and chemical composition of the specimens were carried out combining the scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy techniques, respectively. It was observed that crucibles and coke with impurities that react with the metal powders and infill in a reducing atmosphere have influence in the final quality of parts. Tested samples displayed high variability of results which can be correlated with different manufacturing conditions. The selection of the appropriate print parameters led to the manufacture of tin bronze specimens with mechanical properties comparable to those reported in the literature. Overall, low-cost selective powder deposition is a promising technology, if identified manufacturing issues are addressed.

Electrochemical Defect Analysis (EC-D) of Additive Manufactured Components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Sous ◽  
Tim Herrig ◽  
Thomas Bergs ◽  
Florian Karges ◽  
Nicole Feiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Electrochemical Machining ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Defect Analysis ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Camera System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract Due to more freedom in design and flexibility in production, parts produced by additive manufacturing technologies (AM) offer a huge potential for the manufacture of turbomachinery components. Because of the layer by layer built structure, internal defects like cracks or gaseous pores can occur. These defects considerably reduce the mechanical properties and increase the importance of quality control, especially in the field of turbomachinery. Therefore, in this study, an electrochemical defect analysis (EC-D) of additive manufactured components is introduced, performed and validated in comparison to a nondestructive X-ray testing of the same part. A test rig was developed, which allows an alternation between electrochemical machining and subsequent optical documentation of each removed layer. The documentation of the surface and the macroscopic defects in the AM-parts are captured by an integrated camera system.

scholarly journals Hydrostatic High-Pressure Post-Processing of Specimens Fabricated by DLP, SLA, and FDM: An Alternative for the Sterilization of Polymer-Based Biomedical Devices

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Linares-Alvelais ◽  
J. Figueroa-Cavazos ◽  
C. Chuck-Hernandez ◽  
Hector Siller ◽  
Ciro Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
High Pressure Processing ◽  
Biomedical Devices ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

In this work, we assess the effects of sterilization in materials manufactured using additive manufacturing by employing a sterilization technique used in the food industry. To estimate the feasibility of the hydrostatic high-pressure (HHP) sterilization of biomedical devices, we have evaluated the mechanical properties of specimens produced by commercial 3D printers. Evaluations of the potential advantages and drawbacks of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Digital Light Processing (DLP) technology, and Stereolithography (SLA) were considered for this study due to their widespread availability. Changes in mechanical properties due to the proposed sterilization technique were compared to values derived from the standardized autoclaving methodology. Enhancement of the mechanical properties of samples treated with Hydrostatic high-pressure processing enhanced mechanical properties, with a 30.30% increase in the tensile modulus and a 26.36% increase in the ultimate tensile strength. While traditional autoclaving was shown to systematically reduce the mechanical properties of the materials employed and damages and deformation on the surfaces were observed, HHP offered an alternative for sterilization without employing heat. These results suggest that while forgoing high-temperature for sanitization, HHP processing can be employed to take advantage of the flexibility of additive manufacturing technologies for manufacturing implants, instruments, and other devices.

scholarly journals Processing of Sr2+ Containing Poly L-Lactic Acid-Based Hybrid Composites for Additive Manufacturing of Bone Scaffolds

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila Melo ◽  
Raasti Naseem ◽  
Ilaria Corvaglia ◽  
Giorgia Montalbano ◽  
Carlotta Pontremoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Rheological Characterization ◽  
Biodegradable Composite ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Biodegradable composite materials represent one of the major areas of investigation for bone tissue engineering due to their tuneable compositional and mechanical properties, which can potentially mimic those of bone and potentially avoid the removal of implants, mitigating the risks for the patient and reducing the overall clinical costs. In addition, the introduction of additive manufacturing technologies enables a strict control over the final morphological features of the scaffolds. In this scenario, the optimisation of 3D printable resorbable composites, made of biocompatible polymers and osteoinductive inorganic phases, offers the potential to produce a chemically and structurally biomimetic implant, which will resorb over time. The present work focuses on the development and process optimisation of two hybrid composite filaments, to be used as feedstock for the fused filament fabrication 3D printing process. A Poly L-lactic acid matrix was blended with either rod-like nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) or nanoparticles of mesoporous bioactive glasses, both partially substituted with strontium (Sr2+), due to the well-known pro-osteogenic effect of this ion. Both inorganic phases were incorporated into Poly L-lactic acid using an innovative combination of processes, obtaining a homogeneous distribution throughout the polymer whilst preserving their ability to release Sr2+. The filament mechanical properties were not hindered after the incorporation of the inorganic phases, resulting in tensile strengths and moduli within the range of cancellous bone, 50 ± 10 MPa and 3 ± 1 GPa. Finally, the rheological characterization of the hybrid composites indicated a shear thinning behaviour, ideal for the processing with fused filament fabrication, proving the potential of these materials to be processed into 3D structures aiming bone regeneration.

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