scholarly journals Growth rates of valuable tree species in secondary tropical montane cloud forests in Mexico: influence of tree size, crown position and competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdaleno Mendoza-Hernández ◽  
Patricia Gerez-Fernández ◽  
Silvia Purata-Velarde ◽  
Tarin Toledo-Aceves
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Cloud Forests ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tropical Montane Cloud Forests

Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF) are under severe threat from deforestation, fragmentation and degradation. Several tree species are harvested and commercialized by local communities through unplanned selective logging. Lack of information regarding the growth rates of the most economically valuable timber species hampers the design of effective sustainable management schemes for TMCF. The objective of this study was to determine the diameter growth rates and evaluate the influence of tree size, crown class and neighbouring tree basal area on the growth of common and valuable TMCF timber species. Annual diameter growth was measured during two years in 60 trees (10 to 45 cm in diameter at breast height; dbh) each of Alnus acuminata, Liquidambar styraciflua and Quercus xalapensis, located in two unmanaged secondary TMCF sites in Veracruz, Mexico. High diameter growth rates (centimeter per year [cm yr-1]; mean ± SE) were recorded in the three species; the highest was recorded in A. acuminata (1.62 cm yr-1 ± 0.08 cm yr-1), followed by Q. xalapensis (0.91 cm yr-1 ± 0.07 cm yr-1) and L. styraciflua (0.71 cm yr-1 ± 0.08 cm yr-1). Diameter growth rate was inversely related to the basal area of the neighbouring trees, indicating a negative effect of competition in the three species. Dominant trees had higher growth rates than supressed trees in the three species. The high growth rates recorded in forests with no previous management and the negative effect of basal area of neighbouring trees support the potential for silvicultural management in secondary TMCF.

Climate sensitive growth models for predicting diameter growth of western Canadian boreal tree species

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix O Oboite ◽  
Philip G Comeau
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Frost Free Period

Abstract In the face of anticipated climate change, growth models require modifications to effectively model likely future growth and survival of trees and stands. To support incorporation of climate effects in the Mixedwood Growth Model (MGM), we developed climate-sensitive mixed effects models for lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon), jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.) and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), and examined how tree size, intra- and interspecific competition and climate will influence individual-tree diameter growth. Remeasurement data from permanent growth and yield sample plots from across the western Canadian boreal forest were used for this study. Based on the model that we developed, tree size, competition and climate had varying effects on growth, among tree species. Although intraspecific competition had a stronger negative effect on growth for deciduous and white spruce trees, interspecific competition had a stronger negative effect on the growth of pine. Deciduous trees growing in stands having longer frost-free period experienced an increase in growth but a negative effect of frost-free period was observed for conifers. In addition, higher moisture was found to increase tree growth, but the influence of available moisture on growth was dependent on competition. Overall, these results suggest that, under climate warming, between-species differences in growth responses will contribute to our understanding of the stand dynamics in the western boreal region of Canada. Climate sensitive growth models developed in this study will be useful in the recalibration of MGM and other individual-tree models, and predictions will contribute to better-informed decisions about silvicultural treatments for these economically important boreal tree species.

Growth and wood quality of young loblolly pine trees in relation to stand density and climatic factors

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Cregg ◽  
P. M. Dougherty ◽  
T. C. Hennessey
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Basal Area Growth ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Summer Growth ◽  
Stand Basal Area

A 10-year-old stand of loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) in southeastern Oklahoma was thinned to three target basal-area levels: 5.8, 11.5, and 23 m2•ha−1 (control). Specific gravity, latewood percentage, date of transition from earlywood to latewood, growth, and climate variables were measured for 2 years after thinning. Variation in the measured wood properties was more influenced by climatic variation than by the thinning treatments. Diameter growth and per-tree basal-area growth were significantly greater on the thinned treatments both years after thinning. However, stand basal-area growth was greatest on the unthinned treatment. Basal-area growth rates were significantly related to stand basal area, tree size, soil water potential, and air temperature. Early in the summer, growth was positively related to mean daily temperature, while later in the summer, growth was negatively related to mean daily temperature, reflecting the influence of high-temperature stress on growth. A year with high summer rainfall (1984) resulted in wood with a higher percentage of latewood and higher specific gravity than wood produced in a year with low summer rainfall (1985). The date of latewood initiation was significantly related to tree size, soil moisture, and evaporative demand. The date of transition from earlywood to latewood occurred 10–14 days sooner on the unthinned plots in both years. However, annual ring latewood percentage and specific gravity were not significantly affected by thinning. Increased late-season growth rates compensated for the later transition date on the thinned treatments, resulting in no net change in ring latewood percentage due to thinning. The results indicate that individual tree basal-area growth can be increased by thinning without reducing wood density.

scholarly journals Drought Effects on Vessel Plasticity of Two Endemic Magnolia Species in the Tropical Montane Cloud Forests of Eastern Mexico

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Chanes Rodríguez-Ramírez ◽  
J. Antonio Vázquez-García ◽  
Othón Alcántara-Ayala ◽  
Isolda Luna-Vega
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Cloud Forests ◽  
Endangered Tree ◽  
Endangered Tree Species ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Tropical Montane Cloud Forests ◽  
Drought Effects

The distribution of Mexican Magnolia species´ occur under restricted climatic conditions. As many other tree species from the tropical montane cloud forests (TMCF), Magnolia species appear to be sensitive to drought. Through the use of dendrochronological techniques, this study aims to determine the climate influence on the vessel traits of M. vovidesii and M. schiedeana which are endangered tree species that are endemic to the Sierra Madre Oriental in eastern Mexico. Because most of the tree species in TMCFs are sensitive to climate fluctuations, it is necessary to investigate the differences in the climatic adaptability of the vessel architecture of these trees. This could allow us to further understand the potential peril of climate change on TMCFs. We compared vessel frequency, length and diameter in drought and non–drought years in two Mexican Magnolia species. We used tree–rings width and vessel traits to assess the drought effects on Magnolias’ diffuse–porous wood back to the year 1929. We obtained independent chronologies for M. vovidesii with a span of 75 years (1941–2016), while for M. schiedeana we obtained a span of 319 years (1697–2016). We found that temperature and precipitation are strongly associated with differences in tree–ring width (TRW) between drought and non–drought years. Our results showed anatomical differences in vessel trait response between these two Magnolia species to climatic variation. We suggest that our approach of combining dendroclimatic and anatomical techniques is a powerful tool to analyse anatomic wood plasticity to climatic variation in Magnolia species.

Gap-phase regeneration in selectively logged lowland swamp forest, northeastern Costa Rica

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDWARD L. WEBB
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Stem Density ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Gap Phase ◽  
Multiple Tree

For sustainable logging to be achieved in tropical forests, there must be successful gap-phase regeneration to restock the logged-over area. This study examined three aspects of gap-phase regeneration in selectively logged lowland swamp forest of northeast Costa Rica. First, logging gaps were censused immediately after extraction to determine the density of advanced regeneration. Stem density and basal area of residual trees ≥ 10 cm dbh in logging gaps was >85% lower than undisturbed forest, and all trees in gaps had sustained structural damage. The common canopy species Pentaclethra macroloba (Fabaceae) was the most abundant species in gaps whereas the timber tree Carapa nicaraguensis (Meliaceae) was absent from all censused gaps. This suggests that canopy replacement, particularly by Carapa, will depend on trees <10 cm dbh or by seed input into logging gaps. Second, the diversity of the understorey was compared with 6-y old single-tree and multiple-tree logging gaps. Multiple-tree logging gaps were the most diverse, but dominated by two ruderal species; however many shade-tolerant species were present in those gaps. This indicates that controlled selective logging can result in a localized shift in species composition, but that logging gaps should return to pre-logging composition with time under a carefully implemented, controlled harvesting regime. Finally, this study found a significant effect of a fringing Carapa tree on logging gap seedling density. Thus, seed arrival into gaps is a barrier to logging gap regeneration, particularly for a large-seeded tree species. Gap-phase regeneration by a large-seeded tree species in managed forest would benefit from seed broadcasting into gaps.

scholarly journals Forest Tree Composition: A Comparative Study of Timber Species in Bayelsa State Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-73
Author(s):  
Samuel Olatokunbo Ihinmikaiye ◽  
Bernard Edache Ochekwu ◽  
Josiah Muonam Ikuli ◽  
Doris Akinjagunla Atinuke ◽  
Abel Zikenal Keresinbofa
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Sample Plot ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Timber Tree

Measuring tree species diversity is critical for forest management, particularly where timber species suffer undue anthropogenic pressure. This study was carried out in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. A sample plot was systematically chosen from randomly selected communities in each of the three senatorial districts Bayelsa West (BW), Bayelsa East (BE) and Bayelsa Central (BC) of the State. Each sample plots measured 25 m x 25 m and all timber tree species that were at least six feet above ground level within each sample plot were identified, counted and measured. Fifty individual timbers were encountered in the sample plot at Ogobiri community in BW, fifty-two at Kolo 1 community in BE and fifty-six at Gbarain community in BC belonged to 18, 16 and 14 different families respectively. Families with the largest number of species in the plots were Gentianaceae and Meliaceae, and the highest diversity indices were recorded from BE senatorial district. Generally, the basal area of the sample plots increases with an increase in diameter at breast height. The forested zones were on flat terrain characterized by seasonal flood inundation, and the similarities of timber species in the plots occurred as (BW-BC)> (BW-BE)> (BC-BE). Also, four tree species Coelocaryon preussii, Sacoglottis gabonensis, Milicia excelsa and Triplochiton scleroxylon were identified as rare species, and management options that would ensure ad infinitum supply of timber species were proposed.

Modelling Maximum Stem Basal Area Growth Rates of Individual Trees of Eucalyptus pilularis Smith

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W West
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis

Abstract The growth rate of a tree at any time relates to its size and the level of competition exerted by its neighbors for the resources it needs for growth. This work describes the development of a model to predict the maximum growth rate in stem basal area of Eucalyptus pilularis Smith trees in native and plantation forests of subtropical eastern Australia. It shows maximum growth rates increasing with size until the tree reaches a stem diameter at breast height of 27 cm. Thereafter, maximum growth rates decline progressively as the tree grows larger. Physiological reasons that might describe this growth pattern are discussed. The maxima are shown to be independent of tree age, stand stocking density or average tree size, and the productive capacity of the site on which the forest is growing. Study Implications The maximum possible growth rate in stem diameter of a Eucalyptus pilularis tree growing in subtropical eastern Australia is found to depend only on tree size, not its age nor the productive capacity of the site on which it is growing. It increases until stem diameter reaches a certain size and decreases progressively thereafter as the tree continues to grow. There are interesting physiological reasons that may explain this pattern of growth.

scholarly journals Commercial Logging of Timber Species Enhances Amazon (Brazil) Nut Populations: Insights from Bolivian Managed Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059
Author(s):  
Marlene Soriano ◽  
Pieter A. Zuidema ◽  
Cristina Barber ◽  
Frits Mohren ◽  
Nataly Ascarrunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Multiple Use ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Disturbed Area ◽  
The Impact

A typical case of multiple-use forest management (MFM) in Southwestern Amazon is the commercial harvesting of Amazon or Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa) seeds and of timber of other tree species. Although the Amazon nut is the most important non-timber forest product (NTFP) in the Amazon basin, the species is under serious threat due to deforestation and may also be affected by overharvesting. However, selective logging of other tree species coexisting with Bertholletia may positively affect Bertholletia populations, thus enabling a special case for MFM. For this research, we investigated the impact of the intensity of Amazon nut harvesting and timber logging on Bertholletia populations in the Bolivian Amazon. We used demographic data from 72 two-hectare transects located within 24 community-based household forests varying in the intensity of nut collection (0–100%) and timber logging (0–15% of logging-disturbed forest area). Simulated Bertholletia population size increased with logging intensity but decreased with Amazon nut harvesting intensity. Bertholletia populations were projected to grow at the average MFM harvesting scenario tested: 57.4% of nut harvesting, 5.3% of logging-disturbed area (λ100 = 1.011). Our simulations also revealed that up to 89% of Amazon nut seeds can be harvested while sustaining Bertholletia populations, under 15% of logging-disturbed area, and applying liana cutting. Modest levels of timber logging and application of liana cutting may compensate for the negative effect of Amazon nut collection on Bertholletia populations for the next century. Our study demonstrates that Amazon nut and timber production could be combined in a sustainable MFM scheme, thus increasing the economic value of managed tropical forests and its promotion to reduce the increasing pressure by deforestation.

Characteristics of sap trees used by yellow-bellied gliders in southern Queensland

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa J. Eyre ◽  
Ross L. Goldingay
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Number Of Stems ◽  
Regional Forest ◽  
A Site ◽  
Petaurus Australis

An extensive survey was conducted to locate sap trees used by the yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) throughout the forests and woodlands of southern Queensland, across an area of 43.7 million hectares. We recorded the characteristics of 478 sap trees located at 109 of 297 sites surveyed. Only 13 tree species were selected by gliders for sap feeding throughout the study region, with the grey gum species Eucalyptus longirostrata and E. biturbinata most likely to be incised for sap. Of the tree species used for sap feeding by gliders, trees >40 cm in diameter at breast height (dbh) were used more than would be expected on the basis of their abundance in the forest. The number of sap trees with active and recently active feed scars at a site ranged from 0 to 12. Factors that appear to influence the abundance of active and recently active sap trees at a site include intensity of disturbance (basal area of cut stumps and dead trees), the number of stems in the 41–60 and 61–80 cm dbh classes, and number of Myrtaceae species. The response to these variables could be indicative of habitat quality, and the availability of alternative foraging substrates such as flower cover and decorticating bark. Intensification of selective logging in south-east Queensland, as an outcome of the Southeast Queensland Regional Forest Agreement, could potentially marginalise glider habitat. This would necessitate the retention of potential, or ‘recruit’, sap trees to maintain yellow-bellied glider habitat in these areas.

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