THE ROLE OF OBESIT Y IN THE DE VELOPMENT OF VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY RICKETS IN CHILDREN

Vitamin D deficiency rickets is one of the most common diseases among children of the first years of life in many countries around the world. It is very important to understand the aforementioned nosological unit as a metabolism disorder, and not just as a D-deficiency state. In modern conditions, the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency rickets have undergone further study. The results of the research indicate that obesity is one of the risk factors for vitamin D deficiency in children. Thus, vitamin D metabolism, deposition, bioavailability and its biological role are dependent on the size of adipose tissue. The pathogenetic interaction between obesity andМvitamin D deficiency is probably predetermined by several mechanisms. Firstly, in case of obesity, vitamin D,Мwhich is a fat-soluble substance, is distributed in a considerable amount of adipose tissue, which leads toa decrease in its concentration in the blood plasma. Secondly, with excessive body weight there is a limitation of vitamin D bioavailability, caused by vitamin D capture with adipocytes and depositing in adipose tissue.Thirdly, there is a genetic proof that the increase in BMI leads to a decrease in vitamin D levels in blood serum.Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue may be the direct target of vitamin D physiological actions.It has been proved that vitamin D can affect obesity through numerous mechanisms, including protein expression, oxidative stress, inflammation and cellular metabolism. Currently, recommendations for treatment and prevention of vitamin D deficiency can be found in international foreign guidebooks whose authors state that obese children need a higher dosage of vitamin D compared to those whose physical development is consistent with age. Understanding the influence of adipose mass on bone tissue during its growth and development is a very important aspect for further health and pharmacotherapy strategies to prevent bone disorders.

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Vitamin D Deficiency and Outcomes after Ankle Fusion

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011420s00071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 2473011420S0007

Author(s):

Deepak Ramanathan ◽

Mark J. Berkowitz ◽

Alan Davis ◽

Stephen J. Pinney ◽

Sara Lyn Miniaci-Coxhead

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Reoperation Rate ◽

Hardware Removal ◽

Ankle Fusion ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Normal Vitamin ◽

Local Risk ◽

The Impact

Category: Ankle Arthritis; Ankle; Basic Sciences/Biologics; Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Ankle fusions are associated with a complication profile including nonunion with associated poor functional outcomes, chronic pain, and need for reoperation. Local risk factors (bone and soft-tissue loss, infection, ankle and hindfoot deformity, and neuropathy) and systemic risk factors (advanced age, smoking, alcohol abuse, worker’s compensation, noncompliance, obesity, and systemic comorbidities such as diabetes and immunodeficiency) have been shown to be associated with the development of a nonunion following fusion procedures. Vitamin D has an important role in bone healing, and vitamin D deficiency has been proposed as a potential risk factor for the development of non-unions. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of low vitamin D levels on reoperation rates and the development of nonunions following ankle fusion surgery. Methods: A retrospective chart review of all ankle fusions performed at a major health system from January 2010 to July 2019 was performed. In total, 240 ankle fusions were performed by seven surgeons. All patients who underwent primary fusion procedures were eligible for inclusion in this study. Exclusion criteria included: age less than 18 years; revision surgery; ankle fusion with the use of bulk allograft; ankle fusion performed as part of an oncologic reconstruction; and an absence of recorded vitamin D levels with 12 months of surgery. In total, 47 patients met inclusion criteria and formed the study group. In this group, 29/47 (61.7%) were female and 18/47 (38.3%) were male. Average age was 57.0 +- 12.3 years (range: 18.6 to 75.7). Patients were grouped according to their vitamin D levels as being deficient (<31 ng/ml) or normal (31-80 ng/ml). Results: Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 36.2% (17/47) at average of 35.7 ng/ml. In vitamin D deficient subgroup (n=17), average vitamin D level was 16.9 ng/ml. In normal vitamin D subgroup (n=30), average vitamin D was 46.4 ng/ml. Overall, reoperation rate was 21.3% (10/47). Reoperation rate was 35.3% (6/17) in vitamin D deficiency subgroup compared with 13.3% (4/30) reoperation rate in normal vitamin D subgroup (p<0.05). In vitamin D deficient subgroup, 5 procedures for nonunion included: dynamization (n=1), revision fusion (n=1), staged revision (n=2) and amputation (n=1) due to infected nonunion. There was also a symptomatic hardware removal. In normal vitamin D subgroup, reoperation indications included: malunion (n=1), elective dynamization before weightbearing (n=1), and symptomatic hardware removal (n=2). Normal vitamin D subgroup had zero nonunions. Conclusion: In patients undergoing ankle fusion, vitamin D deficiency (< 31 ng/ml) was associated with a reoperation rate over double that of patients with normal vitamin D levels. In the vitamin D deficient subgroup, nearly all reoperations were for nonunion as compared to zero nonunion incidence in those with normal vitamin D levels. These results suggest routine preoperative screening of vitamin D level is indicated as a key component of ankle fusion care. Vitamin D supplementation during the perioperative period may be indicated in regions with low sunlight to improve fusion rates and lower the risk of reoperation.

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Vitamin D Metabolism Is Significantly Impaired in COVID-19 Inpatients

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvab048.572 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A281-A282

Author(s):

Alexandra Povaliaeva ◽

Liudmila Ya Rozhinskaya ◽

Ekaterina A Pigarova ◽

Larisa K Dzeranova ◽

Nino N Katamadze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Calcium ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Vitamin D Metabolites ◽

Lung Involvement ◽

Hydroxylase Activity ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Abstract Objective: to assess the state of vitamin D metabolism in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 infection. Materials and methods: We examined 49 patients, which were hospitalized for inpatient treatment of COVID-19 infection from May to June 2020. Study group included 24 men (49%) and 25 women (51%), median age 58 years [48; 70], BMI 26.4 kg/m2 [24.3; 30.5]. All patients were diagnosed with pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 with median percent of lung involvement equal to 29% [14; 37], 22 patients (45%) required oxygen support upon admission. Median SpO2 was equal to 95% (92; 97), median NEWS score was equal to 3 [2; 6]. Participants were tested for vitamin D metabolites (25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, 3-epi-25(OH)D3, 24,25(OH)2D3 and D3) by UPLC-MS/MS, free 25(OH)D and vitamin D-binding protein by ELISA, as well as PTH by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and routine biochemical parameters of blood serum (calcium, phosphorus, albumin) at the time of admission. Results: patients had in general very low 25()D3 levels - median 10.9 ng/mL [6.9; 15.6], corresponding to a pronounced vitamin D deficiency in half of the patients. Levels of 24,25(OH)2D3 were also low – 0.5 ng/mL [0.2; 0.9], and resulting vitamin D metabolite ratios (25(OH)D3/24,25(OH)2D3) were high-normal or elevated in most patients – 24.1 [19.0; 39.2], indicating decreased activity of 24-hydroxylase. Levels of 1,25(OH)2D3, on the contrary, were high-normal or elevated - 57 pg/mL [46; 79], which, in accordance with 25(OH)D3/1,25(OH)2D3 ratio (219 [134; 266]) suggests an increase in 1α-hydroxylase activity. Median level of 3-epi-25(OH)D3 was 0.7 ng/mL [0.4; 1.0] and D3 metabolite was detectable only in 6 patients. Median DBP level was 432 mg/L [382; 498], median free 25(OH)D was 5.6 pg/mL [3.3; 6.7], median calculated free 25(OH)D was 2.0 pg/mL [1.4; 3.3]. Most patients had albumin-adjusted serum calcium level in the lower half of reference range (median 2.24 mmol/L [2.14; 2.34]). Seven patients had secondary hyperparathyroidism and one patient had primary hyperparathyroidism, the rest of the patients had PTH levels within the normal range.25(OH)D3 levels showed significant negative correlation with percent of lung involvement (r = -0.36, p<0.05) and positive correlation with SpO2 (r = 0.4, p<0.05). 1,25(OH)2D3 levels correlated positively with 25(OH)D3 levels (r = 0.38, p<0.05) and did not correlate significantly with PTH levels (p>0.05). Conclusion: Our data suggests that hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection have significant impairment of vitamin D metabolism, in particular, an increase in 1α-hydroxylase activity, which cannot be fully explained by pre-existing conditions such as vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The observed profound vitamin D deficiency and association of vitamin D levels with markers of disease severity indicate the importance of vitamin D supplementation in these patients.

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Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Rural Population of the Northern Part of the Persian Gulf

10.21203/rs.3.rs-109364/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Marzban ◽

Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi ◽

Mehdi Mahmudpour ◽

Afshin Ostovar ◽

Saeed Keshmiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Persian Gulf ◽

Rural Population ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Persian Gulf ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Accumulating evidence indicates that vitamin D deficiency has been increased globally since the last two decades. However, the majority of these studies concerned on cities and there is scant information regarding the prevalence of vitamin D in rural areas. The main aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its associated risk factors among rural population in Bushehr province which has the longest border with the Persian Gulf.Methods: The rural inhabitants with ≥25 years old from three mountainous, plain, and seashore areas of Bushehr province were selected through a stratified multi-cluster random sampling method. After obtaining the participants’ demographic and anthropometric data and their past medical history, serum 25- hydroxy vitamin D was measured using ELISA.Results: A total of 1806 (means±SD, 46.30± 14.22 years old) rural subjects (34.84% males and 64.88%) participated in this study. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency were 27.87%, 50.39% and 21.74%, respectively. The deficiency of vitamin D in women was higher than men (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.54, P=0.040). There was a positive significant correlation between age and serum vitamin D levels. Men with vitamin D deficiency had higher BMI (P=0.008); this association was not observed among women (P=0.74). There was no significant difference between the food items consumption frequencies, and vitamin D status (P>0.05). The mountainous, and plain areas had the highest and lowest vitamin D levels, respectively.Conclusion: Although, Bushehr province is located in a sunny part of Iran, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high among its rural population. The shift of their life styles patterns and rapid industrialization in these rural areas may be responsible. Therefore, the enrichment of dietary sources with vitamin D and the use of vitamin D supplements are recommended to tackle the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the rural population of the northern part of the Persian Gulf.

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Knowledge and Awareness on Vitamin D Deficiency among IT Employees

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i1830683 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 6-12

Author(s):

Akifa Begum ◽

M. Jeevitha ◽

S. Preetha

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Information Technology ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Essential Role ◽

Cardiovascular Health ◽

Health Issues ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

It Employees ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Vitamin D is well known for its essential role in maintaining healthy bones. Deficiency of this causes the bones to become soft and weak, a disease known as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Vitamin D is produced via skin under the action of sunlight, with smaller amounts from dietary sources. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared consisting of 10 questions. The questionnaire consisted of open ended and close ended type of questions. The survey was conducted among the IT (Information Technology) employees of a particular region. The survey was conducted via online platform. The results were collected, analysed and interpreted. The results conveyed that a majority (83%) of the IT employees were aware that the vitamin D deficiency mainly causes obesity. 50% of the IT employees were aware that vitamin D deficiency causes mainly skin cancer. 52.1% of the IT employees were aware that vitamin D levels support lung function and cardiovascular health. The present study concluded that the IT employees were well aware about the vitamin D deficiency and its risk factors. They had a good knowledge on the fact that vitamin D deficiency causes obesity and many other health issues.

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Vitamin D and Rehabilitation after Stroke: Status of Art

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10061973 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1973 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariacristina Siotto ◽

Massimo Santoro ◽

Irene Aprile

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Stroke Recovery ◽

Stroke Severity ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism ◽

Rehabilitation Treatment ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Stroke is the first cause of disability in the population and post-stroke patients admitted to rehabilitation units often present a malnutrition status which can influence nutritional indices and then vitamin levels. Vitamin D deficiency seems implicated beyond stroke severity and stroke risk, and also affects post-stroke recovery. Some studies on vitamin D levels and outcome in stroke patients are available but very few data on vitamin D levels and outcome after rehabilitation treatment are reported. This literature review shows the possible relationship between vitamin D deficiency and recovery in post-stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment. Moreover, because several studies have reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms and promoter methylation in genes are involved in vitamin D metabolism and might affect circulating vitamin D levels, these aspects are evaluated in the current paper. From the studies evaluated in this review, it emerges that vitamin D deficiency could not only have an important role in the recovery of patients undergoing rehabilitation after a stroke, but that genetic and epigenetic factors related to vitamin D levels could have a crucial role on the rehabilitation outcome of patients after stroke. Therefore, further studies are necessary on stroke patients undergoing rehabilitation treatment, including: (a) the measurement of the 25(OH) vitamin D serum concentrations at admission and post rehabilitation treatment; (b) the identification of the presence/absence of CYP2R1, CYP27B1, CYP24A1 and VDR polymorphisms, and (c) analysis of the methylation levels of these genes pre- and post-rehabilitation treatment.

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P49 An audit of baseline vitamin D level tests for newly diagnosed paediatric haematology/oncology patients against trust guidelines

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2020-nppg.58 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 105 (9) ◽

pp. e32-e33

Author(s):

Lamia Samrin-Balch ◽

Salma Mahmood

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

List Type ◽

Oncology Patients ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Health Report ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Haematology Patients

Aim100% of patients should have their vitamin D levels checked at diagnosis’ as stated in the current trust guideline for the management of vitamin D deficiency Treatment and Prevention.100% of patients who had a baseline vitamin D level had these acted upon if necessary following the recommendations in the trust guideline.All of the patients who were given treatment had been prescribed were given an appropriate dose as stated in the trust guideline.These standards are supported by the recommendations in 2016 by Public Health England (PHE) that everyone (regardless of age and ethnicity) needs vitamin D equivalent to an average daily intake of 10 micrograms via supplementation.2 3MethodThis retrospective audit was conducted using internal clinical and prescribing programmes to access patient records and medical histories to retrieve data. The inclusion criteria for patients included in this audit were all new diagnoses of malignant haematological and oncological disease over a 6 month period, from April 2018-October 2018. The data collected for these patients were: if they had been tested for Vitamin D, the date of the test and their level of total vitamin D level Serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration. Patient data from the electronic prescribing system was utilised to check if patients had been prescribed vitamin D. Once data completed, patients with vitamin D levels, assessed against trust guidelines to determine if appropriately treated.ResultsA total of 78 patients met the inclusion criteria, where 56% of patients were tested for vitamin D during admission. Of the 78 patient, 43 were oncology patients and 33 haematology patients.In the oncology cohort (n=15) only 35% were tested whereas 83% of haematology patients (n=28) were tested. Of the haematology cohort of patients who were tested (83%): 69% had sufficient levels of vitamin D (serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration >50 nmol/L); 11% had insufficient levels (25–50 nmol/L) and 3% were deficient (< 25 nmol/L). Of the oncology cohort who were tested (35%): 28% had sufficient levels of vitamin D; 5% of patients had insufficient levels; 2% were deficient. 6% of haematology patients and 5% of oncology patients with sufficient levels of vitamin D received treatment that was not indicated. Furthermore, the 5% of oncology patients with insufficient levels of vitamin D did not receive any treatment.ConclusionThe standards set for this audit were not met. It is concerning that those with low levels were not treated effectively and are at risk of complications. Although the findings of this audit may not be a true reflection of the entire patient population due to the small cohort size; the insight into at risk patients suggests there is a need to improve practice and reach 100% for all the aims of this audit.To improve smart and efficient prescribing of medication, clinicians should adhere to the revised trust ‘Guideline for the Management of vitamin D deficiency’ to guide their decisions on initiating therapy. Pharmacists should check vitamin D levels for all new admissions and follow up as appropriate for any pending tests. Having a default test built into the current new prescribing system will also support in improving the results.ReferencesHolick, M. ( 2019). Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. [online]Available at: https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/79/3/362/4690120Public Health England. Statistical Summary: National Diet and Nutrition Survey: results from Years 1 and 9 (combined) of the Rolling Programme (2008/09 – 2016/17). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/772430/NDNS_Y1-9_statistical_summary.pdfGOV.UK. ( 2019). SACN vitamin D and health report. [online]Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/sacn-vitamin-d-and-health-reportGreat Ormond Street Hospital Trust guideline for the management of Vitamin D deficiency Treatment and Prevention.

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Vitamin D3 metabolism in a pig strain with pseudo vitamin D-deficiency rickets, type I

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1150345 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 115 (3) ◽

pp. 345-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Reinhard Kaune ◽

Johein Harmeyer

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Type I ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Dihydroxyvitamin D ◽

Before And After ◽

25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Deficiency Rickets ◽

Clinical Healing

Abstract. Vitamin D metabolism was studied in the 'Hannover Pig', a strain which suffers from pseudo vitamin D-deficiency rickets, type I. Animals of this strain are known to be devoid of renal 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase and -24-hydroxylase activities. Pigs with florid rickets and hypocalcaemia were treated with single im injections of 0.25 to 1.25 mg of vitamin D3, doses that have been shown in previous studies to be effective in producing transient healing of rachitic symptoms. The levels of vitamin D3 and its most relevant physiological metabolites in plasma were estimated at intervals before and after this vitamin D3 treatment. Vitamin D3 rose from 14.8 ± 8.1 to 364 ± 190 nmol/l (mean ± sd) 2 to 3 days post injectionem, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 from 131.0 ± 46.2 to 1068 ± 160 nmol/l within 7 days post injectionem. The 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentration in plasma was elevated from 73.9 ± 25.0 to 281 ± 168 pmol/l 2 to 3 days post injectionem and declined continually from that time. 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 25S,26-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels after treatment showed different responses in different animals being either elevated or unchanged. Clinical healing of the pigs with these doses of vitamin D3 was attributed to the transient rise of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in plasma. It was assumed that 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 synthesis takes place under these circumstances in extrarenal tissues.

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Vitamin D Deficiency in South Sharqiya in Oman and its Impact in ENT Patients- A Retrospective Study

Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery ◽

10.47210/bjohns.2016.v24i3.89 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 122-128

Author(s):

Hasan Abdul Cader Segana ◽

Reghunandanan Nair ◽

Fahim Ahmed Shah

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Socioeconomic Background ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Introduction Vitamin D deficiency has multitude of causes and can present with varying clinical manifestations. Studies show that it can lead on to recurrent respiratory infections, ear infections and deafness. Vitamin D also has immunomodulant action. Here we discuss the varying features concerning an Otolaryngologist in general as far as Vitamin D metabolism is concerned. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was performed on 800 patients 152 males and 648 females of different socioeconomic background at secondary level regional referral hospital under Ministry of Health in Sultanate of Oman. The patients attending the outpatient clinic with various complaints and not responding to conventional treatment were advised for assessment of vitamin D [25 (OH) D] level in blood. The patients were evaluated with general history, blood samples of serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and serum vitamin D level were measured by the most standardized laboratory of the country. Results Out of 800 patients, 275 cases had Vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml and 167 patients had values greater than 30 ng/ml in serum.81% patients with vitamin D deficiency were females.56.25% patients were between third and sixth decade. Otolaryngologic manifestations were acute and recurrent URTI (n=352) 44%. 7% of the patients presented with recurrent ear infection (otitis externa). The rest of them presented to a lesser extent with deafness, otosclerosis. Discussion Vitamin D deficiency has been reported worldwide as one of the commonest deficiency diseases. It can lead to autoimmune dysfunctions, Beta cell dysfunction in pancreas, Multiple sclerosis, recurrent chest infections and congestive cardiac failure. Studies have shown the involvement of cochlea with sensorineural hearing loss and otosclerosis. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency has multi system implications as patients presenting with different signs and symptoms. Mass level screening and vitamin D supplementation should be planned to decrease its varied and multidimensional ill effects on health. Adequate vitamin D supplementation and sensible sunlight exposure to reach optimal vitamin D status are among the front line factors of prophylaxis for spectrum of disorders.

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Factors affecting vitamin D status in Moscow adolescents

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2019-17-50-57 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 50-57

Author(s):

I. N. Zakharova ◽

E. A. Solov’yeva ◽

T. M. Tvorogova ◽

S. I. Lazareva ◽

T. Yu. Vil’ken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Risk Groups ◽

The Body ◽

Gastrointestinal Pathology ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

The Impact

Justification of the study. The normalization of vitamin D levels in both children and adults is the goal of numerous studies around the world, and the setting of a number of objectives related to this vector of preventive medicine, dictates the need for a more detailed study of regional features of the status of calcidiol and the identification of both risk factors and risk groups. Aim of the study: to analyze the impact of risk factors on the provision of vitamin D to adolescents in the Moscow region. Methods: 360 children over 11 years of age (average age was 14.74 ± 1.92 years) who attended a children’s polyclinic for preventive check-ups or are under observation in a day-care centre. After the examination, all schoolchildren were determined to have serum content of calcidiol – active metabolite of vitamin D. Results: the analysis revealed low vitamin D levels in children, with a median of 16.1 ng/ml. Normal vitamin D levels were found in only 6.7% of cases. The following risk factors for vitamin D deficiency were identified in Moscow schoolchildren: time of year (p < 0.001), inclusion of such foods as fish (p = 0.021) and liver (p = 0.036), gastrointestinal pathology (p < 0.001), endocrine system pathology (p < 0.001), musculoskeletal system pathology (p = 0.045): course of chronic inflammatory process (p = 0.01) in the body. The correlation between acute respiratory diseases and calcidiol supply was analyzed: at low frequency of acute respiratory infections during the year, the median level of vitamin D was 17.1 ng/ml (Q1-Q3: 12.6-22.1 ng/ml), at an average frequency – 11.4 ng/ml (Q1-Q3: 8.45-16.05 ng/ml), at high frequency – decreased to 7.94 ng/ml (Q1-Q3: 5.89-9.06 ng/ml). Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency prophylaxis should be provided to children all year round, without a break for the summer months. If a child has a risk factor for vitamin D deficiency, the metabolite correction should be controlled by the calcidiol serum content.

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High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Associated Risk Factors among Employed Women in a Sunny Industrial City

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000231 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 85 (3-4) ◽

pp. 119-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tahereh Hassannia ◽

Ehsan GhaznaviRad ◽

Rosita Vakili ◽

Sohaila Taheri ◽

Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Serum Level ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Muscle Pain ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Industrial City ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Employed Women

Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a public health concern associated with the pathogenesis of several chronic disorders, particularly in women. Aim: To evaluate serum vitamin D levels and its deficiency and risk factors among employed women in a sunny industrial city. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum vitamin D levels, biochemical and hematological factors were assessed in 382 healthy employed women. Demographic information was collected using a standard questionnaire and data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The mean vitamin D serum level was 22 ± 19.8 ng/ml. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 62 % and 12.94 %, respectively. Deficiency was more common among younger subjects (< 29 years old). 23.5 % of subjects had normal and 1.35 % had toxic levels of vitamin D. Maximum serum level was observed in part-time job employees (33 ng/ml), and the lowest in Media and Culture Organizations (15 ng/ml).Vitamin D deficiency was associated with the lack of sunlight exposure at home, and taking anti-hypertensive medications. The common symptoms in deficiency condition were history of hyperlipidemia, depression, weakness, fatigue, finger tingling, leg cramps, and body and muscle pain. Moreover, LDL-cholesterol serum levels were significantly higher in the vitamin D deficiency group, with a prevalence of 40 %. Conclusion: The symptoms of vitamin D deficiency including depression, weakness, fatigue, tingling, leg cramps and body and muscle pain have been observed in more than 90 % after recruitment and treatment. Therefore, for improving the health and productivity of employees, a routine monitoring system for vitamin D and the other factors should be put in place.

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