scholarly journals Medical Secret as a Basis of Medical Confidence in Relation Doctor-Patient – a View from Healthcare System of the Republic of Serbia

JAHR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222
Author(s):  
Dragana Denić
Keyword(s):  
Medical Ethics ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Know How ◽  
Continued Education ◽  
Legal Duty ◽  
The Republic

The medical secret is one of the foundations of medical ethics and medical employees’ moral obligations, and it refers to the principle of not disclosing confidential information about the patient. Hippocrates considered the obligation to keep a medical secret to be the “sacred duty” of a physician. The medical secret was initially cultivated as ‘the know-how to remain silent’ (ars muta), while in the 18th century it becomes a legal duty that would be sanctioned according to the criminal law. Divulging a medical secret could thus lead to a criminal conviction, the obligation of compensation, and the responsibility in front of the court for medical employees. The main purpose of the keeping a medical secret is to protect patients’ interests, which follow from his constitutional rights to human dignity and privacy. The specific importance of a medical secret is attributed to it being a foundation of patients’ trust to medical employees, and this has an influence on the quality of administering medical care and on a better functioning of the medical system as a whole. The question is now how to secure the due respect and keeping of a medical secret in such a system, that is to say, how to revise this old-fashioned concept and adjust it to the reality? It is necessary to take a number of legal, organizational and technical steps by means of which a reasonable protection of privacy would be achieved. With respect to that, it is necessary to have a continued education in the domain of medical ethics of not only all of the medical employees, but also of data scientists and lawyers, because it is only the synergetic effort that will give the desired results. The investigated matter is primarily elaborated from the viewpoint of the Republic of Serbia healthcare system.

PP048 Quality Of Health Care Through Integration: Experience Of Cochlear Implantation

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 93-94
Author(s):  
Lyazzat Kosherbayeva ◽  
Aigul Medeulova ◽  
Abdulla Alzhanov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Cost

INTRODUCTION:The State Program for Health Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) “Densaulyk” for 2016–2019 initiated the modernization of primary health care with the introduction of family practice in order to ensure the availability, completeness and quality of health services on the basis of an integrated healthcare system focused on the needs of the population. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the cochlear implantation (CI) programs.METHODS:A literature search was conducted for all clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, and reviews in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Center for Reviews and Dissemination databases. Two reviewers independently evaluated all publications for selection. The analysis included the cost-effectiveness and benefit from the CI program.RESULTS:We analyzed the effectiveness of the services for CI in the RK and other countries (1). In our analysis, we identified that there is no research on Quality-adjusted Life Years (QALYs) and Cost-Utility Analysis (CUA) in RK. We found that, in general, the cost of CI and pre-surgical procedures are comparable with other countries. The length of stay in Kazakhstan was much higher (an average of 8 days) compared with other countries (3 days). Also in RK, there were significantly lower prices per hospital day and cost of various consultations. Postoperative costs of other countries consisted of one-third to two-thirds of the total costs for preoperative and implantation stages (2, 3). There was a little information on the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in RK.CONCLUSIONS:Economic research like QALYs and CUA are new directions in the healthcare system in the RK. Lack of integration between primary care, rehabilitation and other services leads to difficulties in assessing the effectiveness of CI programs (for example, in our case, there was the restriction of assessment in only postoperative costs).

scholarly journals Legislative regulation of the powers of intelligence agencies: a comparative analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Proshchaiev ◽  
Vadym Galeev
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
Intelligence Agencies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Definition Of

Based on the comparison of the Law of Ukraine "On Intelligence" with the legislative acts of some countries, the content, direction and completeness of the powers defined for the intelligence agencies have been clarified. The quality of legal regulations on the rights and responsibilities of intelligence agencies, their proximity to European standards has been studied. This is especially true of the problems of guaranteeing and respecting the constitutional rights of man and citizen during the implementation of intelligence measures against them within the defined powers. It is proved that the state, represented by the legislator, transfers to the intelligence body as one of the subjects of the intelligence sphere a certain set of rights and responsibilities to dispose of them to achieve goals, solve tasks and perform the functions specified by law. Peculiarities of the Ukrainian legislation concerning definition of powers of intelligence bodies are investigated. It is noted that all the rights granted by the domestic legislature to intelligence agencies can be divided into four groups, among which only one group reflects the functionality of intelligence. The peculiarities of the legislative acts of Georgia, the Republic of Croatia, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Lithuania regarding the powers of the intelligence agencies have been determined. It is proposed considerthe positive experience of these countries to improve domestic legislation, namely: it is desirable to define separately in the law the rights and responsibilities of intelligence agencies; responsibilities should be formulated in such a way that they correspond to the rights of other intelligence actors; the rights and responsibilities of the heads of intelligence agencies should not be defined in the general sense, as for the heads of other state bodies, but in accordance with their special functionality; it is advisable to formulate the rights and responsibilities of intelligence officials to perform a specific task, function or to conduct a separate intelligence event. Keywords: national security, intelligence, intelligence agencies, legislative regulation of the powers of intelligence agencies.

scholarly journals STATE MANAGEMENT OF HEALTHCARE SYSTEM AS THE BASIS FOR THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.М. Рахметова ◽  
Е.Г. Будешов ◽  
A. Rakhmetova ◽  
Ye. Budeshov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Health System ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
State Management ◽  
The Republic

В статье обоснована объективная необходимость совершенствования государственного управления качеством жизни населения в Республике Казахстан, путем анализа системы показателей здравоохранения, которые оказывают влияние на его развитие. Авторами выявлен ряд нерешенных проблем на основе проведенного сравнительно-сопоставительного анализа основных показателей системы здравоохранения и предложены соответствующие рекомендации в части совершенствования механизма управления сферой здравоохранения, с учетом возможной адаптации передовой практики развитых европейских государств. Особое внимание авторами уделяется анализу системы здравоохранения Республики Казахстан, как важнейшему аспекту в государственном управлении качеством жизни населения страны, в частности таким показателям, как: естественное движение населения, коэффициенты смертности населения, уровень обеспеченности населения медицинским персоналом и инфраструктура, основным показателям финансирования системы здравоохранения – которые в комплексе позволяют обеспечить высокое качество жизни населения и устойчивое социально-экономическое развитие страны. При проведении исследования авторами были использованы статистические приемы и методы (сбор, анализ и сравнение данных). В частности, на основе анализа ряда показателей, используемых для измерения прогресса и достижения цели авторами предусмотрены ключевые национальные индикаторы, характеризующие качество жизни населения и результаты процесса государственного управления системой здравоохранения. Учитывая, что система государственного управления в Республике Казахстан ориентирована на повышение социально-экономического и уровень такого институционального развития, который не уступает уровню развития стран – членов Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития (далее – ОЭСР), авторами предложены рекомендации для достижения этой цели. This paper substantiates the objective need to improve the state management of the quality of life in the Republic of Kazakhstan by analyzing the system of health indicators affecting its development. Based on a comparative analysis of the main health system indicators, the authors identify a number of unresolved issues and propose appropriate recommendations for improving the management mechanism of the health sector, also considering possible adaptation of best practices of developed European countries. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the healthcare system of the Republic of Kazakhstan as the most important aspect in public management of the living standards, in particular such indicators as: natural population movement, mortality rates, the level of availability of health personnel and infrastructure, core indicators of financing of the health system – which together ensure a high quality of life and sustainable socio-economic development of the country. During the study, the authors used statistical techniques and methods (data collection, analysis and comparison). In particular, based on the analysis of a number of indicators used to measure progress and achieve the goal, the authors provide key national indicators that characterize the living standards and the results of the public healthcare system administration process. Taking into account that the system of public administration in the Republic of Kazakhstan focuses on increasing socio-economic and the level of such institutional development that is well up to the level of development of the member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (hereinafter referred to as the OECD), the authors propose recommendations for achieving this goal.

scholarly journals PRAWO LEKARSKIE DRUGIEJ RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ W ZARYSIE

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 401
Author(s):  
Tadeusz J. Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
The Republic

LAW REGARDING PHYSICIANS IN THE SECOND REPUBLIC OF POLAND IN OUTLINE Summary Profession of a physician as a key element of the healthcare system was the subject of an intense interest of the legislative power of the Second Republic of Poland (1918-1939). The legal acts analyzed in the present paper expressed the far reaching vision formulated at the outset of the reborn Polish state. That vision is particularly exemplified in the Basic Sanitary Act of 1919 r. The law on physicians of mid-war period underwent gradual and intended evolution. Practical implementation of the Act on the Practice and Chambers of Physicians of 1921 contributed towards an enactment of the highly regarded new regulations of the matter in 1932 and 1934. This was accompanied by the formation of the distinct profession of dentists. Legislative order of the President of the Republic on the healthcare institutions of 1928 played a significant role as far as regulation of the market of medical suppliers is concerned. In the 30s quality of legal acts had been clearly improved. Due to determination of the healthcare authorities after more then a decade of the Second Republic’s legislative activity, there were only few remnants of old occupants’ legal regulations in the area of law on physicians. This remarkable achievement was quite suddenly dismantled, since the repeal of majority of the said acts by the Communist authorities after 1945.

Estimates on poverty in Russia and the additional measures to reduce it at the regional level

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociological Studies

Subject. This article deals with the issues of social justice and a high quality of life, creating favorable economic and social conditions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the rate and changes in poverty in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan and develop complementary measures to reduce it. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, economic and statistical analyses, the results of sociological studies, and official statistics. Results. The article highlights additional measures to reduce poverty in the region, including the establishment of a minimum social standard of living in each particular region that determines the poverty rate. Conclusions. Various factors, such as economic sanctions, economic slowdowns, territorial and regional imbalances, lead to living standards decline and poverty rise.

THE SPECIFICS OF TAXATION OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Alomatxon Abdullayeva ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Products

The article examines the legal basis, application and rates of taxes, customs duties and levies, such as excise and VAT, applied in the foreign economic activity of Uzbekistan.The study found that an increase in taxes, duties and levies on imported goods could also lead to a decline in the quality of domestic products

Coordination of technology of railway operation of the Republic of Tajikistan and organization of railways in international traffic

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Pulatov
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Railway Operation ◽  
Required Quality

Current geopolitical and economic conditions for the functioning of railway transport in most post-Soviet states are such that it is extremely difficult to provide required quality of transport services and break-even operations at high expenses for maintaining the railway infrastructure and rolling stock. Dynamics of transportation of the Tajik Railway (TSR) is shown, which displays that most of its sections are classified as low-intensity ones. The paper proposes methodical principles, setting and qualitative analysis of the task of rationalization of operational work and organization of car flows for international transportation, taking into account the specifics of the Tajik Railway. There is a problem of complex maintenance of the efficiency of operational work in modern conditions based on the synthesis of the tasks of self-management (rational internal operational technology of the Tajik Railway) and coordination tasks (technological interaction with railway administrations of other states). Author substantiated the necessity of solving this problem. Proposed classification of technological restrictions and controlled variables in the performance of transport takes into account methods for changing external conditions for the functioning of the railway landfill and methods for increasing internal efficiency of its operation. The search for the solution of the problem involves direct search of variants along its ordered set with clipping of groups of variants that do not correspond to constraints, with the subsequent finding of compromise control over a set of effective alternatives.

Accuracy analysis in borders description for municipal entities in the Republic Bashkortostan

2017 ◽  
Vol 924 (6) ◽  
pp. 2-5
Author(s):  
V.N. Puchkov ◽  
R.S. Musalimov ◽  
D.S. Zavarnov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Accuracy Analysis ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
The Republic

In this work the analysis on description of rural settlements boundaries of the Republic of Bashkortostan, based on the experience of other sub-federal units of Russian Federation was made. A range of weak points in collected input data was defined. In total, of 54 municipal districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan (818 rural settlements), 44 districts showed nonconformity of feed data details to regulatory requirements. And the main reason for this is a low quality of input materials such as base maps at scale 1

Evolution of the public administration system. The Republic of Estonia

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-118
Author(s):  
YANA TOOM ◽  
◽  
VALENTINA V. KOMLEVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Administration System ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

The article studies the main stages and features of the evolution of the public administration system in the Republic of Estonia after 1992. This paper presents brief geographical and socio-economic characteristics that largely determine the development of the country’s public administration. The evolution of the institution of the presidency, executive, and legislative powers are considered. The role of parliament and mechanisms for coordinating the interests of different groups of the population for the development of the country is especially emphasized. The authors analyze the state and administrative reforms of recent years, which were aimed at improving the quality of services provided to the population, increasing the competitiveness of different parts of Estonia, as well as optimizing public spending and management structure. The introduction of digital technologies into the sphere of public administration, healthcare, education, and the social sphere is of a notable place. Such phenomena as e-residency, e-federation, and other digital projects are considered. The development of a digital system of interstate interaction between Estonia and Finland made it possible to create the world’s first e-federation, and the digitization of all strategically important information and its transfer to cloud storage speaks of the creation of the world’s first e-residency, a special residence of data outside the country’s borders to ensure digital continuity and statehood in the event of critical malfunctions or external threats.

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