scholarly journals Ultrasonographic detection of meningoencephalitis in a dog

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. e2218
Author(s):  
Marcus Antônio Rossi-Feliciano ◽  
Rafael Kretzer-Carneiro ◽  
Igor Cezar Kniphoff da Cruz ◽  
Tainara Moraes-Pereira ◽  
Ricardo Pozzobon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Divergent Strabismus ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Ultrasound Guided Puncture ◽  
The Right ◽  
Guided Puncture ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this report is to disseminate ultrasound findings of meningoencephalitis in a dog, diagnosed by analysis of cerebrospinal fluid collected by guided-ultrasound puncture. The patient presented walking in circles, absence of bilateral threat reflex, decreased left eyelid reflex, divergent strabismus of the right eye, negative nasal sensation on the right side, and an increase in volume of skullcap with the presence of open fontanelle. The clinical suspicion was hydrocephalus and/or inflammatory/infectious disease. The distemper rapid test was negative. The hematological profile showed an increase in alanine aminotransferase enzyme. Ultrasound examination was performed with patient in sternal decubitus, using a linear transducer (9.0 MHz). Images were obtained in longitudinal and transverse sections through the temporal windows and bregmatic fontanelle. The presence of a marked anechogenic content with moderate amount of floating hyperechogenic spots was observed, with retraction and increased echogenicity of the brain. Cerebrospinal fluid was collected using the bregmatic fontanelle for ultrasound-guided puncture, under general anesthesia. Meningoencephalitis was indicated by mononucleated cells and red blood cells founded in cerebrospinal fluid analysis. However, the patient not return to start treatment and investigate the cause of the meningoencephalitis.

Serial MRI and CSF Analysis in a Dog Treated with Intrathecal Amphotericin B for Protothecosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Young ◽  
William Bush ◽  
Melissa Sanchez ◽  
Pat Gavin ◽  
Mathew Williams
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Head Tilt ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Lipid Complex ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Transient Improvement ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

A 3 yr old female spayed English setter mixed-breed dog presented with diarrhea, weight loss, side stepping to the right, and a right head tilt. Rectal and cerebrospinal fluid cytology and culture confirmed a diagnosis of Prototheca zopfii. MRI of the brain showed inflammation of the brain and meninges, ventriculomegaly, and syringomyelia. Treatment with prednisone, itraconazole, and amphotericin B lipid complex administered intrathecally yielded transient improvement. Progressive brainstem signs were noted, and a repeat MRI and cerebrospinal fluid analysis documented persistent disease. This is the first description of the MRI findings and treatment with intrathecal amphoteracin B lipid complex for protothecosis of the central nervous system. Protothecosis should be considered in dogs with chronic diarrhea and compatible MRI findings.

scholarly journals Primary telencephalic lymphoma in a horse

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3801
Author(s):  
Clairton Marcolongo-Pereira ◽  
Bruna Da Rosa Curcio ◽  
Douglas Pacheco Oliveira ◽  
Ana Carolina Barreto Coelho ◽  
Bianca Lemos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Partial Loss ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
Eosinophilic Cytoplasm ◽  
Diffuse Cytoplasmic Staining ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

A case of T small cell type lymphoma in the brain of a horse is described. A 20-year-old female Crioulo equine showed neurological signs characterized by ataxia, circling and partial loss of smell and sight. During necropsy, a whitish, firm, unencapsulated mass compressing the structures of the nervous tissue was observed, extending from the olfactory bulb to the internal capsule of the right telencephalon. Microscopic examination showed the proliferation of round cells with a small to moderate amount of eosinophilic cytoplasm. Nuclei were centrally located, irregularly round and occasionally cleaved and hyperchromatic. Immunohistochemistry for CD3 showed a moderate diffuse cytoplasmic staining. This is a rare primary central nervous system lymphoma in horses, with few reports in the veterinary literature. Nevertheless, it should be considered as a differential diagnosis in equines with neurological signs.

scholarly journals Diagnosing Ring-Enhancing Lesions in the Brain of a Patient With AIDS Without Brain Biopsy: A Case of Central Nervous System Histoplasmoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Beekman ◽  
Jessica M. Hu ◽  
Steven I. Aronin ◽  
Maricar F. Malinis
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
The Brain

We report a case of a Puerto Rican male with advanced AIDS who presented with multiple falls and pancytopenia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, as initial workup, revealed 2 ring-enhancing brain lesions. Initial cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed minimal cells, mildly elevated protein, and no organism seen on gram stain. Due to prohibitive thrombocytopenia, brain biopsy was deferred. He had neither clinical nor radiographic improvement despite empiric therapy for both toxoplasmosis and bacterial abscesses. Indicated by pancytopenia, bone marrow (BM) aspiration was performed. Culture of BM aspirate grew Histoplasma capsulatum. Urine histoplasma antigen was markedly elevated. He was treated with liposomal amphotericin B (LamB) for progressive disseminated histoplasmosis with probable central nervous system involvement. Cerebrospinal fluid histoplasma antigen obtained after 2 months of LamB was detected. After prolonged course of LamB, he took itraconazole. Brain MRI at 7-month follow-up revealed significant improvement from baseline study.

scholarly journals Special aspects of the course and diagnosis of neurosyphilis on the example of a clinical case

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
The Brain

Neurosyphilis is an infectious disease caused by Treponema pallidum and characterized by damage of the central nervous system. This disease may be asymptomatic or have an atypical clinical course, which leads to late diagnosis. The most informative diagnostic methods for this disease are specific serological reactions to syphilis, MRI of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Aim. To show the features of the course, treatment and diagnosis of neurosyphilis using the example of a clinical case. Materials and methods. Patient S., born in 1963, complained about significant memory impairment, difficulties with orientation in time and space, mood swings, verbosity and exaggeration, and was hospitalized at the State Institution “Institute of Neurology, Psychiatry and Narcology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”. Neurological status: eye slits and pupils were uniform. The movements of the eyeballs were painless. Insufficiency of the act of convergence was found. Corneal reactions were reduced. The patient felt pain after the palpation of supra- and infraorbital points. There was an asymmetry in the facial innervation. The tongue was on the midline, swollen, with tooth imprints. There were no pathological signs, sensitive violations. Shaking movements were noticed during the Romberg test. During the examination of the cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale, the patient scored 21 points, which corresponds to mild dementia. Results. 1. According to the results of MRI examination of the brain, there was an MR-picture of areas of cystic-gliosis transformation of the poles of the temporal lobes and structural changes of the hippocampal gyrus (most likely, caused by the chronic inflammatory process); vascular foci of the brain as manifestations of dyscirculatory changes, moderate external hydrocephalus. 2. A serological examination for the presence of the antigen of the Treponema pallidum pathogen was performed, the result was positive. 3. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed the following results. Cytosis was 1x106/l, protein was 0.21 g/l, glucose 3.4 mmol/l, Pandy test positivity. Based on the obtained data, the patient was diagnosed with neurosyphilis. The patient underwent etiopathogenetic treatment with benzylpenicillin sodium. After treatment the patient's condition gradually improved. Conclusions. Specific serological reactions to syphilis, MRI of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid analysis are mandatory tests for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. Early detection of Treponema pallidum and rational therapy can prevent the development of severe consequences and improve the patient's condition. Syphilis is a multidisciplinary problem today and needs the attention of general practitioners, dermatologists and neurologists.

scholarly journals Cronobacter sakazakii DNA Detection in Cerebrospinal Fluid of a Patient with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mimic Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
Marianna Piombo ◽  
Daniela Chiarello ◽  
Marzia Corbetto ◽  
Giovanni Di Pino ◽  
Giordano Dicuonzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Immunocompetent Patient ◽  
Motor Deficits ◽  
Cronobacter Sakazakii ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

A 45-year-old male noticed progressive weakness of the right lower limb with gait disturbance. Over the following months, motor deficits worsened, spreading to the right upper limb. Electromyography showed active denervation in the upper and lower limb muscles. A diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was made. About 2 years after symptom onset, gradual improvement occurred. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis performed about 3 years after the beginning of symptoms identified Cronobacter sakazakii. Since no other possible causes were identified, we suggest that an almost completely reversible ALS-like syndrome had been triggered by Cronobacter infection in our immunocompetent patient.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis Should Be Considered in Patients with Cognitive Problems

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Zetterberg ◽  
Niklas Mattsson ◽  
Kaj Blennow
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers ◽  
Memory Clinics ◽  
Clinical Questions ◽  
Cognitive Problems ◽  
The Brain

Hepatologists assay liver enzymes and cardiologists structural heart proteins in serum to diagnose and monitor their patients. This way of thinking has not quite made it into the memory clinics yet, in spite of the availability of validated cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for key pathological events in the brain in neurodegeneration. Here, we argue that a spinal tap should be considered in all patients who seek medical advice for memory problems and list the highly relevant clinical questions CSF analyses can address.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal fluid confirmed COVID-19-associated encephalitis treated successfully

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. e237378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Mohamed Kamal ◽  
Yasmin Abdelmajid ◽  
Abubaker Abdul Rahman Al Madani
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Red Flags ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
The Brain

The COVID-19 pandemic that attracted global attention in December 2019 is well known for its clinical picture that is consistent with respiratory symptoms. Currently, the available medical literature describing the neurological complications of COVID-19 is gradually emerging. We hereby describe a case of a 31-year-old COVID-19-positive patient who was admitted on emergency basis. His clinical presentation was primarily neurological, rather than the COVID-19’s classical respiratory manifestations. He presented with acute behavioural changes, severe confusion and drowsiness. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis was consistent with COVID-19 encephalitis, as well as the brain imaging. This experience confirms that neurological manifestations might be expected in COVID-19 infections, despite the absence of significant respiratory symptoms. Whenever certain red flags are raised, physicians who are involved in the management of COVID-19 should promptly consider the possibility of encephalitis. Early recognition of COVID-19 encephalitis and timely management may lead to a better outcome.

The brain structure and neurosecretory cells of noctuid moth Anadevidia peponis: Noctuidae

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
Y. Ogawa ◽  
M. Sasaki ◽  
T. Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Clock ◽  
Virgin Female ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Noctuid Moth ◽  
The Right ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
The Brain

A virgin female of the noctuid moth, a kind of noctuidae that eats cucumis, etc. performs calling at a fixed time of each day, depending on the length of a day. The photoreceptors that induce this calling are located around the neurosecretory cells (NSC) in the central portion of the protocerebrum. Besides, it is considered that the female’s biological clock is located also in the cerebral lobe. In order to elucidate the calling and the function of the biological clock, it is necessary to clarify the basic structure of the brain. The observation results of 12 or 30 day-old noctuid moths showed that their brains are basically composed of an outer and an inner portion-neural lamella (about 2.5 μm) of collagen fibril and perineurium cells. Furthermore, nerve cells surround the cerebral lobes, in which NSCs, mushroom bodies, and central nerve cells, etc. are observed. The NSCs are large-sized (20 to 30 μm dia.) cells, which are located in the pons intercerebralis of the head section and at the rear of the mushroom body (two each on the right and left). Furthermore, the cells were classified into two types: one having many free ribosoms 15 to 20 nm in dia. and the other having granules 150 to 350 nm in dia. (Fig. 1).

Fibrinolytic Activity of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid and the Development of Artificial Cerebral Haematomas in Dogs

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 294-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mihara ◽  
T Fujii ◽  
S Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Fibrinolytic Activity ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Trans Form ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Fibrin Plate ◽  
The Brain

SummaryBlood was injected into the brains of dogs to produce artificial haematomas, and paraffin injected to produce intracerebral paraffin masses. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood samples were withdrawn at regular intervals and their fibrinolytic activities estimated by the fibrin plate method. Trans-form aminomethylcyclohexane-carboxylic acid (t-AMCHA) was administered to some individuals. Genera] relationships were found between changes in CSF fibrinolytic activity, area of tissue damage and survival time. t-AMCHA was clearly beneficial to those animals given a programme of administration. Tissue activator was extracted from the brain tissue after death or sacrifice for haematoma examination. The possible role of tissue activator in relation to haematoma development, and clinical implications of the results, are discussed.

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