Readers' Comprehension Responses in Informative Discourse: Toward Connecting Reading and Writing in Technical Communication

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Technical Communication ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Additional Information

A qualitative study using reading protocols suggests that when readers of informative documents understand conveyed information satisfactorily, they make direct confirmations and positive comprehension evaluations. When readers are uncertain about the accuracy of their understanding, they guess, make assumptions, or render the text's language into their own words. When readers' understanding is impaired, they ask for more clearly established links or relationships in the text, or they pinpoint some ambiguity or lack of resolution. When readers' understanding is unsatisfactory but not impaired, they request additional information. In addition, readers make evaluative suggestions that introduce, focus, emphasize, or reiterate their other comprehension-related responses. The response patterns isolated in this qualitative study indicate the need for specific quantitative research and suggest some directions for developing reader-based heuristics for informative writing.

scholarly journals Institutional barriers and enablers to implementing and complying with internationally accepted quality standards in the local pharmaceutical industry of Pakistan: a qualitative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Tauqeer ◽  
Kirsten Myhr ◽  
Unni Gopinathan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Institutional Barriers ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regulatory Capacity

Abstract Complying with good manufacturing practices (GMP) and ensuring a quality system is integral to production and supply of quality medicines and achieving universal health coverage. This study focus on the local production of medicines in Pakistan, a lower middle-income country that has observed considerable growth in the number of pharmaceutical companies over the past two decades. Against this background, we investigated: (1) How is quality assurance (QA) and GMP compliance understood and acted upon by local pharmaceutical manufacturers?; (2) What are the institutional barriers and enablers for QA and GMP compliance in the local pharmaceutical sector from the perspective of key stakeholders?; and (3) What are the institutional barriers and enablers for strengthening local regulatory capacity to improve QA in the industry in the long term? We used a qualitative study design involving 22 interviews of the drug regulatory bodies (n = 9), academia (n = 3) and local manufacturers (n = 10), identifying key themes in data by thematic analysis. Document analysis was used to collect additional information and supplement the interview data. We identified that manufacturing facilities operated under different GMP standards and interpretations, pointing towards an absence of harmonization in quality standards across the industry. Views diverged about the status of GMP compliance, with interviewees from academia presenting a more critical view compared with regulators who promoted a more positive story. Among the barriers explaining why companies struggled with quality standards, the lack of a mindset promoting quality and safety among profit-oriented manufacturers was prominent. At the federal level, DRAP’s establishment represented an institutional improvement aiming to promote QA through inspections and guidance. While some positive measures to promote quality have been observed, the need for DRAP to strengthen its technical and regulatory capacity, enhance its engagement in international collaboration and learning, and improve transparency and accountability were highlighted. Overall, since the challenges in Pakistan are shared with other low- and middle-income countries with local production, there is a need to commit to international collaborative mechanisms, such as those lead by WHO, on this issue.

Money laundering through exchange offices

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Maximilian Johannes Teichmann ◽  
Marie-Christin Falker
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Compliance Officers ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how money launderers circumvent compliance measures by using exchange offices to launder incriminated funds. Design/methodology/approach The three-step process entailed carrying out unofficial interviews with money launderers, which gave first insight into the issue, followed by expert interviews that were reviewed by means of a qualitative study. The findings of the qualitative study were processed during the subsequent quantitative research. Findings Although exchange offices are a known threat to anti-money laundering efforts, they continue to be highly applicable. As exchange offices are responsible for their own compliance measures, compliance officers employed by other institutions do not encounter money laundering through exchange offices regularly. Research limitations/implications The findings of the study are limited to the experiences of the interviewed experts, which, naturally, are highly subjective. Further, they are geographically limited, as certain areas were not represented in the study. Practical implications During the literature review, a research gap was identified. The present study attempts to partially fill the same. The illustrated findings aimed at facilitating an improvement of anti-money laundering measures. The insights into the minds of money launderers provide valuable information for legislators, compliance officers and authorities. Originality/value Presently, the majority of the literature focuses on the issue of money laundering from a compliance perspective. However, accurately understanding how money launderers circumvent the existing prevention measures requires an exploration of their approaches. To effectively inhibit money laundering, it is necessary to gain a holistic overview of the issue, which entails the observation of both perspectives.

scholarly journals The Attitudes of Students from ESL and EFL Countries to English

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Hasbi
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
English As Second Language ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
English As Foreign Language ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
English Students

This research is to study the attitudes of English students from English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) country in English and Foreign Languages University (EFL University), Hyderabad to English. This is a descriptive-quantitative research with a survey method. The attitudes researched include those to listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The data was taken through questionnaireconsisting of 20 questions. The findings of this study showed that the English students in EFL University have neutral-to-positive attitudes to Listening, positive attitudes to Speaking, positive attitudes to Reading, and poor attitudes to Writing. In addition, the English students from ESL country have better attitudes to Reading (positive) and Writing (neutral)and those from EFL country have better attitudes to Speaking (neutral-topositive)and Listening (neutral-to-positive). Keywords: Attitudes; English as Second language (ESL); English as Foreign Language (EFL). 

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN KOHESI REFERENSI PADA NASKAH DRAMA SISWA SMAN 2 KANDANGAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
NFN Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Grade ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Abstrak: Penelitian Analisis Penggunaan Kohesi Referensi pada Naskah Drama Siswa SMAN 2 Kandangan merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan penggunaan kohesi referensi pada naskah drama siswa SMAN 2 Kandangan. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi data dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMAN 2 Kandangan. Objek siswa SMAN 2 Kandangan yang dipilih adalah siswa jurusan IPA dan IPS kelas XI. Teknik penentuan subjek didasarkan pada pengambilan sampel yang dilakukan secara random sampling. Adapun objek penelitian ini adalah penggunaan peranti kohesi referensi dalam naskah drama siswa SMAN 2 Kandangan. Data diperoleh dengan metode membaca dan teknik mencatat. Metode analisisnya menggunakan metode analisi deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dideskripsikan penggunaan peranti kohesi referensi pada naskah drama siswa SMAN 2 Kandangan, yaitu (1) kohesi referensi pronomina persona adalah pronomina yang dipakai untuk mengacu pada orang. Pronomina persona terdiri atas persona orang pertama tunggal dan jamak, pronomina orang kedu tunggal dan jamak, dan pronomina orang ketiga tunggal dan jamak; (2) kohesi pronomina demonstratif adalah pronomina penunjuk umum, pronomina penunjuk tempat, dan pronomina penunjuk hal ikhwal; (3) kohesi referensi komparatif adalah kohesi referensi yang menyatakan perbandingan unsur yang satu dibandingkan dengan unsur yang lain. Kohesi referensi komparatif terdiri atas kohesi referensi komparatif yang menyatakan kurang, kohesi referensi komparatif yang menyatakan sama, dan kohesi referensi komparatif yang menyatakan lebih.Kata kunci: Kohesi, referensi, naskah drama Abstract: This study Analisis Penggunaan Kohesi Referensi pada Naskah Drama Siswa SMAN 2 Kandangan is descriptive study. The aim of this study is to describe the using of reference cohesion in drama script by SMAN 2 Kandangan student. This is descriptive qualitative study. The data population is the student of SMAN 2 Kandangan. The object of this study is SMAN 2 Kandangan from Science and Social class of second grade. Subject determination technique is based on random sampling.The data are gained through reading and writing. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The object of this study is the using of reference cohesion instrument in drama script of SMAN 2 Kandangan’ students. The result shows that the using of reference cohesion instrument in drama script by the student of SMAN 2 Kandangan are (1) pronomen reference cohesion is pronomen refers to a person. Person pronomen consist of singular and plural of first person. Pronomen singular and plural of second person, and pronomen singular and plural of third person; (2) demonstrative pronomen cohesion is general instruction pronomen, place instruction pronomen, cause instruction pronomen, occurances instruction pronomen; (3) comparative reference cohesion is reference cohesion that stating comparation of one component to the other one. Comparative reference cohesion consists of comparative reference cohesion that stating inefficient, comparative reference cohesion that stating equality, and comparative reference cohesion that stating more.Key words: cohesion, reference, drama script

scholarly journals The Role of Managers in Work-life Balance Implementation

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mervyl McPherson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Work Life ◽  
Work Life Balance ◽  
Workplace Culture ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Life Balance ◽  
Additional Information

The paper draws on existing overseas research to present an argument for the importance of the role of individual managers and workplace culture in the successful outcome of work-life balance programmes in workplaces. Using findings from a recent Work-Life Survey of New Zealand employers by the EEO Trust, and other New Zealand based research, it looks at where New Zealand organisations are at I terms of the role of managers implementing work-life balance programmes. Additional information from employees’ perspectives on the role of managers in implementing work-life balance programmes is drawn from a qualitative study of mothers’ experience on combining paid work and parenting catties out by the author for the Families Commission (forthcoming) and other New Zealand research. The paper concludes with suggestions of how New Zealand organisations can improves outcomes from work-life balance initiatives by greater attentions to the role of mangers in the process.

scholarly journals Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dalam Mengembangkan Kegiatan Ekstrakurikuler Keagamaan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri 01 Lemito

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Isma Tangahu ◽  
Lisdawati Muda
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Boarding Schools ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Reading And Writing

This study aims to determine how the headmaster's leadership in the development of religious extracurricular activities in State Elementary School, Lemito. This type of research is a qualitative study with a sociological managerial approach. The results showed: 1) religious extracurricular activities were carried out well in the form of: religious practices, reading and writing of the Koran and lightning boarding schools. 2) The nature of the principal's leadership in developing extracurricular activities is energetic in developing activities, intelligent controlling emotions and, able to motivate personal. The principal's leadership in developing religious extracurricular activities should not be separated from the steps of development. Because even though the headmaster of the school is very good in his leadership character, if without developmental steps such as planning, organizing, communicating and monitoring in religious extracurricular activities the program will not be maximized.

Internet of Things Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Liew Chung Sim ◽  
Ang Ju Min ◽  
Goh Yee Teen ◽  
Koh Wai Kin ◽  
Tan Shy Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Behavioural Intention ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
Internet Of Things Technology

The aim of this research is to examine factors influencing consumer acceptance of internet of things technology (IoT) guiding by the technology acceptance model (TAM). This quantitative research involves 204 respondents approached via convenience sampling at a public higher learning institution. Data was analyzed using multiple regression, and results revealed that the dimension of perceived usefulness is the most influencing factor on the consumers' acceptance of IoT technology and consumers' behavioural intention to use. In the Malaysian context, this research provides additional information in narrowing the research gap with regard to understanding behavioural intention to use the IoT technology. Next, the framework will be used for future exploration to address the issue of how people who have never utilized an IoT innovation react.

scholarly journals Nurse moral disengagement

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Fida ◽  
Carlo Tramontano ◽  
Marinella Paciello ◽  
Mari Kangasniemi ◽  
Alessandro Sili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Moral Disengagement ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Ethical Codes ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Essential Variable

Background: Ethics is a founding component of the nursing profession; however, nurses sometimes find it difficult to constantly adhere to the required ethical standards. There is limited knowledge about the factors that cause a committed nurse to violate standards; moral disengagement, originally developed by Bandura, is an essential variable to consider. Research objectives: This study aimed at developing and validating a nursing moral disengagement scale and investigated how moral disengagement is associated with counterproductive and citizenship behaviour at work. Research design: The research comprised a qualitative study and a quantitative study, combining a cross-validation approach and a structural equation model. Participants and research context: A total of 60 Italian nurses (63% female) involved in clinical work and enrolled as students in a postgraduate master’s programme took part in the qualitative study. In 2012, the researchers recruited 434 nurses (76% female) from different Italian hospitals using a convenience sampling method to take part in the quantitative study. Ethical considerations: All the organisations involved and the university gave ethical approval; all respondents participated on a voluntary basis and did not receive any form of compensation. Findings: The nursing moral disengagement scale comprised a total of 22 items. Results attested the mono-dimensionality of the scale and its good psychometric properties. In addition, results highlighted a significant association between moral disengagement and both counterproductive and citizenship behaviours. Discussion: Results showed that nurses sometimes resort to moral disengagement in their daily practice, bypassing moral and ethical codes that would normally prevent them from enacting behaviours that violate their norms and protocols. Conclusion: The nursing moral disengagement scale can complement personnel monitoring and assessment procedures already in place and provide additional information to nursing management for designing interventions aimed at increasing compliance with ethical codes by improving the quality of the nurses’ work environment.

scholarly journals The Attitudes of Students from ESL and EFL Countries to English

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhamad Hasbi
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
English Students

This research is to study the attitudes of English students from English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) country in English and Foreign Languages University (EFL University), Hyderabad to English. This is a descriptive-quantitative research with a survey method. The attitudes researched include those to listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The data was taken through questionnaire consisting of 20 questions. The findings of this study showed that the English students in EFL University have neutral-to-positive attitudes to Listening, positive attitudes to Speaking, positive attitudes to Reading, and poor attitudes to Writing. In addition, the English students from ESL country have better attitudes to Reading (positive) and Writing (neutral) and those from EFL country have better attitudes to Speaking (neutral-to-positive) and Listening (neutral-to-positive).    

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