Risperidone: Treatment Response in Adult and Geriatric Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Kiraly ◽  
R. E. Gibson ◽  
R. J. Ancill ◽  
S. G. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: to Compare the Efficacy and Side Effects of Risperidone in Younger Adult and Geriatric Patients. Methods: Open Retrospective Study of 102 Consecutive Intakes, prescribed risperidone, by a mental health team. All patients were non-hospitalized community residents. Prior to initiation of risperidone, and at termination of study period, Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scores were used to track progress. Variables monitored were: concurrent use of other antipsychotics, compliance, side effects, and maintenance dosage. Results: The most common DSM-IV diagnoses were schizophrenia in the younger adult group and late onset delusional disorders in the geriatric group. Compliance was good for both groups. The geriatric group demonstrated a greater treatment response which was reached at a significantly lower dosage. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of side effects. Examination of response by diagnostic category indicated that geriatric patients with late onset delusional disorder showed the best response while adults with either schizophrenia or affective syndromes also showed positive response. Conclusions: Risperidone, at lower than recommended doses, shows promise in the treatment of late onset delusional disorders and behavior syndromes of dementia. The side effect profile was benign, as was suggested by experience in treating schizophrenia. Scientifically more rigorous prospective studies for the indications and efficacy of risperidone in late onset psychotic disorders and psychoses and behavior syndromes associated with dementing illness are overdue.

Prescription profile of antipsychotics in inpatients with psychotic disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S612-S612
Author(s):  
M.D.C. García Mahía ◽  
Á. Fernández Quintana ◽  
M. Vidal Millares
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatients ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionPrevious studies of prescribing in psychiatric services have identified the relatively frequent use of combined antipsychotics in schizophrenia.Aims– To analyze the proportion of patients treated with more than one antipsychotic;– to study clinical as sociodemographic variables associated with types of prescription.MethodsRetrospective descriptive study of treatment prescribed to psychiatric inpatients treated in an acute care unit of Psychiatry Service in a large teaching hospital during a period of 3 years. Consecutively admitted inpatients receiving concurrent antipsychotics were compared with those treated with a single antipsychotic. Prescription drug records at discharging were revised, n = 263.ResultsFrom the total sample, 61% received more than one antipsychotic. The most common types of combinations were atypical plus a typical antipsychotic followed by two atypical antipsychotics, being less frequent combination of three or more antipsychotics. There were 19 different drug combinations. Concurrent antipsychotics were most frequently prescribed in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Patients with more previous episodes of illness received more frequently concurrent antipsychotics than patients with low number of previous episodes of illness (P < 0.03). Patients with longer time of hospitalization, and age between 30 and 50 years were treated more frequently with several antipsychotics. Analysis with other variables is presented in the study.ConclusionsThere is a significant difference in the strategies of treatment with antipsychotics depending on diagnosis and number of previous episodes of illness. The concurrent use of multiple antipsychotics in psychiatric inpatients appears to be a response to treatment resistance and is frequent in schizophrenic patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Atypical (second generation) antipsychotic treatment response in very late-onset schizophrenia-like psychosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Scott ◽  
Blaine S. Greenwald ◽  
Elisse Kramer ◽  
Mitchell Shuwall
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Atypical Antipsychotic ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotic

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Symptom amelioration in older patients with very late onset schizophrenia-like psychosis (VLOSLP) is often difficult, with limited psychotropic response reports yielding variable findings. Information about atypical (second generation) antipsychotic use in this population is scant.Methods: A consecutive sample of geriatric psychiatry outpatients and inpatients with psychotic disorders were retrospectively identified over a 31-month period based on systematic information abstraction from an electronic medical record (e-record). After exclusion criteria were applied, 8/138 outpatients and 13/362 inpatients met inclusion criteria for VLOSLP and had been naturalistically treated with an atypical antipsychotic during hospitalization or nine months of outpatient care. Mandatorily completed e-record standardized symptom severity response ratings were converted into positive treatment response thresholds.Results: 38% of outpatients and 77% of inpatients (mean age = 76 years for both groups; mean age of onset of psychosis = 70 years for outpatients and 74 years for inpatients) met criteria for positive treatment response to an atypical antipsychotic (either aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone) with sign/symptom amelioration, rather than eradication.Conclusions: Various atypical antipsychotics at geriatric doses yielded a positive treatment response in nearly two-thirds of VLOSLP patients. Patients with less chronic, more severe symptoms responded at a higher rate. Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials with representative subject samples are needed to validate these preliminary findings.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

THE EMPATHY LEVELS OF WOMEN PLAYING IN BASKETBALL LEAGUES

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (25) ◽  
pp. 760-768
Author(s):  
Nida Gencer ÖZKAN ◽  
◽  
Tülin ATAN
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Coaching Behaviors ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Women's Basketball ◽  
Coaching Behavior ◽  
And Behavior

The aim of this study was to investigate the basketball players’, active in Turkey Women’s Basketball Super and 1st Leagues, empathy levels according to their marital status, educational status in addition to age and marital status of their coach; and to evaluate leadership characteristics and behavior of their coaches according to athlete’s perception. Another aim was to analyze the relation between empathy levels of the athletes and athletes’ perception of coaching behavior. 264 (age; 24.61±5.53 year) female athletes playing in Turkey Women’s Basketball Super and 1st Leagues participated in this study. Leadership Scale for Sports (LSS)-version of Athletes’ Perception of Coaching Behavior that developed by Chelladurai and Saleh, and adapted by Tiryaki and Toros in 2006 was used as data collection tool. Athletes’ perceptions of leadership style and behavior of their coach were evaluated in five different factors. A five-factor solution with 40 items describing the most salient dimensions of coaching behavior was selected as the most meaningful. Empathy levels of the athletes were determined by using Emphatic Tendency Scale which was developed by Dökmen (1988) and composed of 20 items. Empathy levels of the athletes showed no statistically significant difference in terms of any variable (p>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in athletes’ perceptions of coaching behaviors in terms of marital status of the athlete and age of their coach (p>0.05). In terms of educational status of athletes and marital status of their coach, there were statistically significant differences in athletes’ perceptions of coaching behaviors (p<0.05 and p<0.01). Positive and meaningful correlation was found between empathy scores of the athletes and training and instruction behavior (r=.172**) and autocratic behavior (r=.154*) of the coach (p<0.05 and p<0.01). Educational status of the athletes and marital status of their coach are influental in athletes’ evaluation of their perceptions of coaching behavior. Empathy levels of the athletes are related to their perceptions of coaching behavior.

Anti-Diarrheal Drug Repositioning in Tumour Cell Cytotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1037-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihene Elloumi-Mseddi ◽  
Dhouha Msalbi ◽  
Raouia Fakhfakh ◽  
Sami Aifa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Drugs ◽  
Tumour Cell ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Mcf 7

Background:Drug repositioning is becoming an ideal strategy to select new anticancer drugs. In particular, drugs treating the side effects of chemotherapy are the best candidates.Objective:In this present work, we undertook the evaluation of anti-tumour activity of two anti-diarrheal drugs (nifuroxazide and rifaximin).Methods:Anti-proliferative effect against breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and T47D) was assessed by MTT analysis, the Brdu incorporation, mitochondrial permeability and caspase-3 activity.Results:Both the drugs displayed cytotoxic effects on MCF-7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells. The lowest IC50 values were obtained on MCF-7 cells after 24, 48 and 72 hours of treatment while T47D and MDA-MB-231 were more resistant. The IC50 values on T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells became significantly low after 72 hours of treatment showing a late cytotoxicity effect especially of nifuroxazide but still less important than that of MCF-7 cells. According to the IC50 values, the non-tumour cell line HEK293 seems to be less sensitive to cytotoxicity especially against rifaximin. Both the drugs have shown an accumulation of rhodamine 123 as a function of the rise of their concentrations while the Brdu incorporation decreased. Despite the absence of a significant difference in the cell cycle between the treated and non-treated MCF-7 cells, the caspase-3 activity increased with the drug concentrations rise suggesting an apoptotic effect.Conclusion:Nifuroxazide and rifaximin are used to overcome the diarrheal side effect of anticancer drugs. However, they have shown to be anti-tumour drugs which make them potential dual effective drugs against cancer and the side effects of chemotherapy.

Reducing Gingivitis Remotely using the iGAM mHealth app (part 2): Prospective Observational Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Tobias ◽  
Assaf B Spanier
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits ◽  
Group 1

BACKGROUND Gingivitis is a non-painful, inflammatory condition that can be treated with home remedies. Left untreated gingivitis can lead to tooth loss. Periodic dental examinations are important for early diagnosis and treatment of gum diseases. In order to contain the spread of the corona virus, governments, including in Israel, have restricted movements of their citizens which has caused routine dental checkups to be postponed. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the ability of an mHealth app- iGAM to reduce gingivitis. METHODS A prospective observational cohort study was performed, 160 unpaid participants were divided into 2 equal groups and downloaded the iGAM app. Group 1 photographed their gums weekly for eight weeks. Group 2 photographed their gums at the time of recruitment and 8 weeks later. After photo submission, the participants received the message "It is recommended to read the information contained within the app regarding maintaining oral hygiene habits". A single blinded researcher examined the images and scored them according to the Modified Gingival Index (MGI). RESULTS The average age of group 1 was 26.77 (S.D. ± 7.43), and 28.53 (S.D. ± 10.44) for group 2. The majority were male (74.7% in group 1 vs. 66.7% in group 2), most participants described themselves as "secular", most were "single", non-smokers (74.7% vs. 78.4%) and did not take medications (85.3% vs. 78.4%). 126 subjects completed the study. A statistically significant difference (P <.001) was found in the dependent variable (MGI) in a linearly negative manner. As time passed, the gum condition improved, there were significantly lower gingivitis scores in group 1 (M = 1.16, S.D. ± 1.18) compared to group 2 (M = 2.16, S.D. ± 1.49), after eight weeks. Those with more recent dental visits had a lower MGI (p = .037). No association was found between knowledge and behavior, most participants were familiar with the recommendations for maintaining oral health, yet they only performed some. CONCLUSIONS A dental selfie taken once a week using an mHealth app (iGAM) reduced the signs of gingivitis and promoted oral health. During the current pandemic where social distancing recommendations may be causing people to avoid dental clinics, this app can remotely promote gum health. CLINICALTRIAL The protocol was approved by Hadassah research ethics committee (IRB, 0212-18-HMO)

Emotion Dysregulation and Psychosis Spectrum Disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 298-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma T. Wallace ◽  
Anna R. Docherty
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Cognition And Emotion ◽  
Neurophysiological Assessment ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Disorganized Speech ◽  
And Behavior

Psychosis spectrum disorders (PSDs) are complex, highly heritable psychiatric conditions with high economic and societal costs. PSDs have historically been conceptualized as neurocognitive disorders in which psychotic episodes and impairments in social and emotional functioning are attributed to deficits in neurocognition. Although cognitive pathways play an important role in the etiology and presentation of PSDs, recent research suggests that interrelations between cognition and emotion are highly relevant. Moreover, aberrant emotion regulation likely plays a significant role in the presentation of PSDs. Emotion dysregulation (ED) may underlie and exacerbate both negative and positive symptoms in PSDs, such as blunted affect, avolition, disorganized speech and behavior, poor social cognition, and delusions and hallucinations. Advances in measurement of emotion dysregulation—including self-reports, behavioral paradigms, neuroimaging paradigms, and neurophysiological assessment—have informed etiological models of emotion dysregulation in PSDs. This chapter reviews research on emotion regulation and dysregulation in PSDs. Notably, more severe presentations of emotion symptoms and greater emotion regulation impairments are associated with worse outcomes in PSDs. It may therefore be the case that focusing on ED as an early risk factor and intervention target could improve outcomes and prevention approaches for psychotic disorders.

P.309 Late-life depression: How do patients with early-onset vs late-onset differ in clinical features and treatment response?

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. S52-S53
Author(s):  
W.R. Chae ◽  
M. Fuentes Casan ◽  
F. Gutknecht ◽  
A. Ljubez ◽  
S.M. Gold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Late Life Depression

scholarly journals Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Clinical Characteristics and Influence of Molecular Subtypes on Treatment Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
D Aissaoui ◽  
M Bohli ◽  
R Ben Amor ◽  
J Yahyaoui ◽  
A Hamdoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Inflammatory Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is a rare and very aggressive breast cancer with poor prognosis. The prevalence is different from a country to another. In Tunisia, it is about 5 to 7% of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological and histopathological features of patients with inflammatory breast cancer and to evaluate the treatment response according to the molecular subtypes. Methods: This retrospective review identified 31 patients with no metastatic IBC treated in our radiotherapy department between December 2019 and November 2020. IBC was confirmed using the clinical criteria. Baseline clinic-pathological and treatment information was retrieved from medical records. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS V.20. Results: Median age was 51.3 years [27-68]. 48% of tumors were grade 3. The average tumor size was 36mm [10-90]. The histological type was ductal carcinoma in 97%. Vascular invasion was noted in 24 patients (77%). Thirty patients were classified as stage IIIB and one patient was IIIC. 74% were hormone receptor positive and 45% were HER2 positive. Luminal B was the predominant subtype (52%) followed by Her2 positive (32%), Luminal A (23%), and triple negative (3%) All patients had chemotherapy: neoadjuvant for 26 patients (84%) and adjuvant for 5 patients (16%). Nine patients (29%) had tumor pathological complete response (pCR). Partial response was observed in 18 patients (58%). Lymph node pCR was noted in 16% of cases (n=5). Endocrine therapy and trastuzumab were given to 76% and 45% of patients, respectively. The influence of the molecular subtype was not statistically significant on the response to neoadjuvant treatment. The highest rate of pCR were 43% for Her2positive, then 27%, 21% and 9% for Luminal B, Luminal A and Triple negative, respectively (p=0.2). Conclusion: Our study showed a high percentage of hormone receptor and Her2+ (74% and 45% respectively) in IBC. Luminal B was the most frequent subtype. Anthracycline-based chemotherapy and trastuzumab improved the pCR rate: 44% for Her2positive. Triple negative showed poorer pCR than other breast cancer subtype without a significant difference. A larger study is warranted to confirm our findings.

scholarly journals Assessment of Saudi Parents’ Beliefs and Behaviors towards Management of Child Fever in Saudi Arabia—A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5217
Author(s):  
Mohamed N. Al Arifi ◽  
Abdulrahman Alwhaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Febrile Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Electronic Thermometer ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: Fever alone can lead to rare serious complications in children, such as febrile seizures. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, beliefs, and behavior of parents toward fever and its management. Methods: A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was applied over a period of 3 months, from January to March 2018, to parents who were living in Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria were a parent who is a resident of Saudi Arabia, with at least one child aged 6 years or less, while incomplete questionnaires, having a child aged more than 6 years, or parents who were not living in Saudi Arabia were excluded. Results: A total of 656 parents completed the questionnaire. More than two-thirds of the subjects were female, the majority of whom were aged between 25–33 years old. The best-reported place to measure the temperature of children was the armpit (46%), followed by the ear (28%) and the mouth (10.7%). More than half of the parents considered their children feverish at a temperature of 38 °C. The majority of parents (79.7%) reported that the most serious side effects of fever were seizure, brain damage (39.3%), coma (29.9%), dehydration (29.7%), and death (25%). The most common method used to measure a child’s temperature was an electronic thermometer (62.3%). The most common antipyretic was paracetamol (84.5%). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the good knowledge of parents in identifying a feverish temperature using the recommended route and tools for measuring body temperature.

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