Effect of Temperature, Moisture Content, Particle Size and Roasting on Shea Butter Extraction Efficiency

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Y. Obeng ◽  
Michael K Adjaloo ◽  
Peter Donkor
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Low Pressure ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Shea Butter ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Optimum Extraction

The purpose of this study is to establish optimum extraction temperature, moisture content, particle size and the effect of roasting of shea kernels on extraction efficiency for optimum shea butter yield using low pressure (45kg/cm2) manual screw press. Extraction of shea butter is a major income generating activity in Ghana, particularly in the Northern Regions. It is estimated that about 80% of the shea butter produced in Ghana is processed by women using traditional aqueous extraction method. Commercial extraction using continuous screw press accounts for about 20% of production. Oil extraction rates for the traditional aqueous extraction method are relatively low. The traditional aqueous method involves roasting, milling, creaming and boiling, and relies on very low pressure, high moisture of 65-68% and temperatures of 100-140°C. In this study Intermediate Moisture Content (IMC) method was employed. The IMC method involves the use of a low pressure manual screw press to extract butter from shea kernels. The study established an optimum extraction temperature of 60°C and moisture content of 12% at which butter extraction efficiency was between 65.9% and 68.5%. The results revealed that oil extraction efficiency depends on the fineness of paste to be processed and that roasted kernels do not give higher butter yield than unroasted kernels. This is against the traditional belief that high shea butter yield can only be achieved when the kernels are roasted.

scholarly journals Optimization of DHEA Extraction from Sweet Potato Pomace by Ultrasonic-Microwave Synergistic Employing Response Surface Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 680-682
Author(s):  
Junjian Ran ◽  
Xinhong Liang ◽  
Hanmei Du ◽  
Junliang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Optimum Extraction

Abstract Background: A lot of sweet potato residues (SPR) were discarded and wasted. Objective: To make full use of the SPR. Methods: Ultrasonic microwave synergistic (UMS) extraction method was used to extractdehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in SPR. The extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology based on single factors. Results: The optimum extraction conditions were 1:25 (solid–liquid ratio), 300 W (microwave power), 30 min (extraction time), and 30°C (extraction temperature). The extraction yield of DHEA from SPR reached 117.25 μg/100 g. Conclusions: The advantage of UMS extractiontechnology is to make full use of the synergistic effect of ultrasound and microwave to improve extraction efficiency. Highlights: The technology provides an effective way to improve the DHEA extraction yield from the SPR in industrial production.

Research on the Extraction of Dendranthema Morifolium Volatile Oils by Microwave-Assisted Steam Distillation Extraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 1049-1053
Author(s):  
Hui Lin Cao ◽  
Shuang Ran Liang ◽  
Yang Tian ◽  
Zhi Ling Chen ◽  
Jian Ping Chao
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Method ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Steam Extraction ◽  
Steam Distillation Extraction ◽  
Optimum Extraction ◽  
Modern Technologies

Microwave-assisted steam extraction system combines the advantages of both conventional and modern technologies. MAE is probably going to be the leading technology in essential oil producing industry. In our research, one-factor and uniform experimental designs are used to determine the optimum extraction conditions, and the results are as follows: the extraction yield is measured as 2.30% with 3h of reflux time, when degree of pulverization is 90, immersing time is 3h, yield of solid to liquid equals 12: 1 ml/g. The chemicals in the production were examined by GC-MS. More than 40 kinds of chemicals were detected, which is consistent with that of the traditional steam extraction method. However, the extraction efficiency is dramatically increased when the steam extraction is assisted with microwave heating, and it is up to 3.8 times.

scholarly journals Mechanical oil extraction of Nicotiana tabacum L. seeds: analysis of main extraction parameters on oil yield

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Faugno ◽  
Luisa Del Piano ◽  
Mariano Crimaldi ◽  
Gennaro Ricciardiello ◽  
Maura Sannino
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Tobacco Seed ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L

The aim of this study is to find the best conditions of tobacco seed oil (TSO) press extraction, combining multiple extraction factors such as screw rotational speed, seeds preheating and extraction temperature, in order to have a higher oil yield. The extracted oil, having peculiar chemical properties, can be used for several purposes, also as edible oil. TSO was obtained using a mechanical screw press that has been assembled with a head press and with speed and temperature sensors mounted on the machine. Results show that the combination of high extraction temperature, slow rotational screw speed and seeds preheating has a significant effect on the oil yield. Extracting under such conditions, oil yield is 79.47±0.12 as % (w/w), which is 25% (w/w) more than the lowest yield among investigated condition.

scholarly journals Optimization of producing oil and meal from canola seeds using microwave − pulsed electric field pretreatment

OCL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Nazanin Maryam Mohseni ◽  
Habib Ollah Mirzaei ◽  
Masoumeh Moghimi
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Gamma Tocopherol ◽  
Meal Protein

In this study, optimization of the extraction of canola seeds oil was investigated using microwave-pulsed electric field seeds pretreatment (MW-PEF) with different MW times (0 to 200 s) and PEF intensities (0 to 5 kV/cm). The seeds oil was then extracted using screw press with different speeds (11 to 57 rpm). Oil extraction efficiency, refractive index, peroxide and phenolic compounds of oil and meal protein were measured. Tocopherols content of the best sample was also measured. The results showed that the peroxide and phenolic compounds increased at higher time, intensity and speed. An increase in the MW time and PEF intensity at first led to an increase in the oil extraction efficiency and meal protein but then both parameters decreased. The efficiency of oil extraction and protein decreased at higher speeds. The refractive index of all samples was 1.475. Gamma tocopherol was predominate one in canola oil and applying the pretreatment led to an increase in the number of total tocopherols. Treating at 1.28 kV/cm for 140.5 s and 28.71 rpm was chosen as the optimum condition with high desirability (0.744).

scholarly journals EXPLORATION OF THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE SOLUBLE PROTEIN EXTRACTION FROM CULTURED SNAKEHEAD FISH (Channa striata) MUSCLE

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5A) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Vo Hoang Ngan
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Optimum Extraction

This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the soluble protein extraction from cultured snakehead fish muscle, a protein having bioavailability and nutritional value. The study investigated the ratio of fish muscle to water (from 1:1 to 1:5 w/v) and salt (NaCl) concentration (from 0.05 M to 0.25 M) that are suitable for extracting soluble protein effectively. Research has applied a response surface methodology using a central composite design to optimize the effect of temperature and time extraction on soluble protein extraction efficiency. In addition, the study investigated the effect of pH of salt solution (pH 2 to pH 12) on the efficiency of soluble protein extraction from cultured snakehead fish muscle. As a result, the use of 0.15 M NaCl solution with 1:2 ratio of fish muscle to water gave high soluble protein extraction efficiency. The optimum extraction temperature and time were determined as 34.8 °C and 15.2 min respectively, and the appropriate pH value was also determined as pH 10. At the optimum extraction conditions, soluble protein recovery calculated by the amount of soluble protein extraction dividing total protein of fish muscle was 14.39 ± 0.18 %.

A Study on the Investigation of Diffusion Coefficient for Oil Extraction from Terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus L.) Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-153
Author(s):  
Fatih Kaya ◽  
Ahmet Özer
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Solvent Ratio ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Pistacia Terebinthus

Objective: In this study, the extraction of oil from Pistacia terebinthus L’s seeds grown in Elazig-TURKEY and called menengic in domestic region was investigated. Crude oil content of the seeds obtained from this region was determined as approximately 47% (w/w). Methods: Effects of the parameters such as extraction time, temperature, seeds/solvent ratio (dosage), the particle size of seeds and type of solvent were examined on the oil extraction yield. In this context, it has concluded that up to a certain point, the extraction time has increased the yield of oil extracted. But the extraction temperature showed activity as depending on the solvent type. Results: As expected, it has been observed that the yield of oil has decreased depending on the increase in particle size and dosage as well. The mathematical model obtained by solving Fick's second law under the appropriate boundary and initial conditions were used to calculate diffusion coefficients for the extraction process. Diffusion coefficients for the seeds with a particle size of 0.55 mm were found to be between 1.15x10-11 and 1.86x10-11 m2s-1. To compare the extraction yield of Pistacia terebinthus L’s seeds with that of sunflower at the same conditions, the diffusion coefficients of sunflower seeds were calculated in the range of 9.11x10-12 and 1.13x10-11 m2s-1. Conclusion: These figures show that the diffusion coefficients calculated for both oily seeds are nearly equivalent to each other. The fatty acid composition of extracted oil from Pistacia terebinthus L’s seeds was determined by GC-FID. The GC-FID results showed that oleic, linoleic (ω-6) and palmitic acid were main fatty acids in the oil obtained from menengic seeds.

scholarly journals Innovative and flexible single screw press for the oil extraction of Calophyllum seeds

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Setyo Indartono ◽  
Heriawan Heriawan ◽  
Ika Amalia Kartika
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Pressing Temperature ◽  
Single Screw

The oil extraction of Calophyllum seeds using a conventional single screw press leads to an inferior yield and is perceived to be less efficient as well as difficult to operate. An innovative and flexible single screw press was, therefore, designed and investigated in this study to solve these problems. Moreover, the effects of the seeds’ moisture content, pressing temperature and seeds’ feed rate on the oil yield and quality were identified to determine the optimal oil extraction performance from the Calophyllum seeds. The study found that the seeds’ moisture content, pressing temperature and seeds’ feed rate generally affected the oil yield. The yield indeed improved as the pressing temperature and the seeds’ feed rate increased respectively from 45 to 75°C and 1.5 to 5 kg·h<sup>–1</sup>. The oil yield also ameliorated as the seeds’ moisture content rose from 1.7 to 12.8%, but it was optimal when the seeds’ moisture content was 5.5%. The best oil yield of 80.6% was, thus, obtained with the seeds’ moisture content of 5.5%, a pressing temperature of 75°C and the seeds’ feed rate of 5 kg per h. Although the quality of the crude oil was poor with a high viscosity (³ 94 mm<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>–1</sup>) and high acid value (³ 48 mg KOH/g), its density, saponification and iodine values were acceptable. After the oil refining process by degumming and neutralisation, its quality improved and met the Indonesian Biofuel Standards, except for its viscosity.

scholarly journals Optimisation of oil extraction from quinoa seeds with supercritical carbon dioxide with co-solvents

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grażyna Wejnerowska ◽  
Anna Ciaciuch
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Extraction ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Total Extraction ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

In the present work supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide was performed to obtain oil from quinoa seeds. The effects of extraction variables – namely pressure, temperature, time, particle size, and co-solvent, on supercritical carbon dioxide extraction are investigated. Total extraction yields and compositions using pure CO<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> + selected co-solvents are compared. The maximum recovery for quinoa oil is found to be about 89%, and is obtained when extractions are carried out at 25 MPa, 40°C for 80 minutes. A significant effect on the oil recovery is exerted by size reduction of seeds to a particle size ≤ 0.50 mm and addition of co-solvent to seed in an amount of 20% – methanol/ethanol (1 : 1, w/w). Irrespective of the extraction method and conditions, the fatty acid composition is not substantially changed.

scholarly journals Optimization of Extraction Parameters by Using Response Surface Methodology, Purification, and Identification of Anthocyanin Pigments inMelastoma malabathricumFruit

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nordiyanah Anuar ◽  
Ahmad Faris Mohd Adnan ◽  
Naziz Saat ◽  
Norkasmani Aziz ◽  
Rosna Mat Taha
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Melastoma Malabathricum ◽  
Extraction Parameters ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Optimum Extraction

Anthocyanins not just have various benefits in food industry but also have been used as natural colourants in cosmetic, coating products and as potential natural photosensitizers in solar cell. Thus, the main purpose of this study was to obtain information on the maximum yield of anthocyanin that can be recovered fromMelastoma malabathricumfruit. Factors such as extraction temperature, extraction time, and solid to liquid ratio were identified to be significantly affecting anthocyanin extraction efficiency. By using three-level three-factor Box-Behnken design, the optimized conditions for anthocyanin extraction by acidified methanol (R2=0.972) were temperature of 60°C, time of 86.82 min, and 0.5 : 35 (g/mL) solid to liquid ratio while the optimum extraction conditions by acidified ethanol (R2=0.954) were temperature of 60°C, time of 120 min, and 0.5 : 23.06 (g/mL) solid to liquid ratio. The crude anthocyanin extract was further purified by using Amberlite XAD-7 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Identification of anthocyanins revealed the presence of cyanidin dihexoside, cyanidin hexoside, and delphinidin hexoside as the main anthocyanins inM. malabathricumfruit.

scholarly journals Modeling the chemical properties of sesame oil under the influence of pulsed electric field using the artificial neural networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Amir ABDOLLAHI ◽  
Masoud SHAFAFI ZENOOZIAN ◽  
Mohammad Reza SAEIDIASL ◽  
Mohammad ARMIN ◽  
Adel BEIGBABAEI
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Efficiency ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Screw Press ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sesame Seeds ◽  
Artificial Neural

<p>In this study, PEF pretreatment was used to improve the efficiency of screw press method on the properties of extracted sesame seeds oil. Sesame seeds were treated at different PEF intensities (250, 3250 and 6250 Vcm<sup>-1</sup>) and pulse numbers (10, 30 and 50). Then, the oil was extracted using a screw press at 33 rpm. Some physicochemical properties of the obtained oil including oil extraction efficiency, acidity index, determination of total phenolic compounds and activity of the inhibition of the DPPH free radical were evaluated. The results showed that the oil extraction efficiency initially increased at first but it showed reduction during PEF pretreatment at higher intensities. Increase in the applied PEF intensity and pulse number lead to an increase in the acidity and total phenolic compounds. While the oxidative stability of the oil reduced at the more intensive PEF conditions. However, the antioxidant activity was firstly increased and then decreased during PEF pretreatment. In addition, artificial neural network model was used to predict the effect of different PEF pretreatment conditions on the physicochemical properties of the extracted oil. The best model was the feed forward neural network with sigmoid hyperbolic tangent conduction function, Levenberg – Marquardt training function with 5-6-2 topology.</p>

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