scholarly journals Desarrollo rural, migración internacional y escasez de mercados financieros en México

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael G. Reyes-Morales ◽  
Alicia Sylvia Gijón-Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Migration Internationale ◽  
International Remittances ◽  
Regional Markets

En México las principales fuentes de liquidez de las áreas rurales son: los salarios, las remesas y los subsidios del gobierno. Por consiguiente, la participación de los campesinos en el mercado se lleva a cabo a través del consumo. La migración internacional está directamente correlacionada con el número de trabajadores asalariados en los hogares rurales. Cuando se consideran los mercados microrregionales, la migración se relaciona con el tamaño del hogar y número de hijos; con la edad, ocupación de campesino y condición de emigrante del jefe del hogar. Se observa que las remesas nacionales y los salarios hacen menos dependientes a las comunidades rurales de los mercados externos que las remesas internacionales. Finalmente, la principal restricción que enfrenta el desarrollo rural en las actuales condiciones, es la escasez de instituciones financieras rurales. Sin éstas no se pueden retener los flujos monetarios mediante el ahorro ni reciclarlos a través de créditos.Abstract: In Mexico the major sources of liquidity in rural areas are: salaries, remittances, and government subsidies. Consequently, peasants participate in the market by means of consumption. International migration is directly correlated with the number of wage workers in the rural households. When micro-regional markets are taken into account, migration is related to the household size and number of children; to household head’s age, peasant occupation and migrant condition. National remittances and salaries produce less community dependence on external markets than international remittances. Finally, the lack of rural financial institutions is one of the most important constraints on rural development. Without such institutions monetary in-flows cannot be accumulated or recycled as credits.Resumé : Au Mexique, les principales sources de liquidité dans les zones rurales sont : les salaires, les transferts d’argent et les allocations de gouvernement. Ainsi, c’est par la consommation que les paysans prennent part au marché. La migration internationale est directement liée au nombre de travailleurs salariés des foyers ruraux. Lorsque l’on examine les marchés micro-régionaux, on réalise que la migration est conditionnée par la taille du foyer et le nombre d’enfants, l’âge, les activités agricoles et la condition de migrant du chef de famille. On observe que les transferts d’argent nationaux et les salaires rendent les communautés rurales moins dépendantes des marchés extérieurs que les transferts d’argent internationaux. Finalement, le principal obstacle au développement rural, actuellement, est la rareté des institutions financières rurales ; sans elles, il n’est pas possible de retenir les flux financiers par l’épargne et de les recycler au travers du crédit.

Growth of Rural Indebtedness in Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-341
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Utilisation Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Labourers

The problem of indebtedness among the rural households of Punjab was become more serious in the last two decades. A large number of studies were carried out in India and abroad to look into the problem of rural indebtedness and its consequences but most of these studies are either based upon a very small sample of a few districts or cover the farmers only. The present study would be wider in scope as it was also included artisans, agricultural labourers (non- cultivators) along with the farmers (cultivators). This study analysed the situation of Punjab as a whole and district wise analysis was done. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt was made to analyse the growth of indebtedness among the rural households in Punjab and attempt was made to explain the utilisation pattern of loan used by rural households and tried to trace out how the situation of household indebtedness in the Punjab evolved and changed over the course of about ten years. The study will be helpful to planners, academicians, researchers as well as policymakers for solving the problem of indebtedness among rural households for the betterment of the society as a whole. It is suggested that encouragement should be given to subsidiary occupations, improvement in access to health at subsidised rate in rural areas to curb the indebtedness and to monitor the informal mechanism of credit by Government and financial institutions along with availability of the appropriate delivery of credit into the agricultural as well as non-agricultural sector of rural areas by eliminating costly sources of money lenders for the accurate functioning of the economy.

scholarly journals Micro Finance in Manipur

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Robita S
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Self Reliance

Manipur lives in villages. The rural population contributes to about 76.12% of the total population. Enhancement in the quality of life of the economically weaker section of the society has been one of the basic objectives of development planning of the State. Rural development, by empowering the rural masses through economic self-reliance, is one of the priority areas of the Central and State Govts. To bring about development in rural areas, the govts. and banks/financial institutions have formulated various programmes and schemes. Micro Finance is one such scheme adopted for the development of rural people.

scholarly journals REPRESENTATION OF THE FINANCIAL NEEDS OF RURAL MALAGASY HOUSEHOLDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
L. S. Razafindrakoto ◽  
S. Ramananarivo ◽  
H. L. Rakotonirainy ◽  
H. F. Ranaivoarisoa ◽  
A.M. S. Rabotovao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Financial Innovation ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Financing System ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Schwartz Formula ◽  
The Social

Madagascar is committed to implementing local financial services to facilitate rural households' access to these various services and promote rural development. The objective of the study is to understand the realities of the financing system in rural areas and more particularly in the rural commune of Alakamisy Itenina in vohibato district, and this, through the experience of rural households that determine the different financial needs and their financial priority. Using the Schwartz formula, surveys of 81 households were statistically treated. The results show that rural households prioritize social needs by meeting the social obligations dictated by fihavanana. The first place of the social obligations is perceived through the attachment to the traditional practice by the proverb “atero k'alao” which means "one receives by giving". This is how behavioural logic has been observed in localities far from financial services. Changing this behavioral logic turns out to be the best option. Rural households should accept new forms of financial innovation.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS FOOD INSECURITY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN SOUTH-EAST NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Ogechi Lynda EGWUE ◽  
Ikechi Kelechi AGBUGBA ◽  
Ridwan MUKAILA
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Average Household Size ◽  
Food Security Status ◽  
Household Heads ◽  
Food Insecure Households

The problem of food insecurity remains a challenge in developing countries, especially in rural areas. Despite the rising level of food insecurity, COVID-19 set in and was said to pose a threat to food security globally if adequate measures are not quickly put in place. This study, therefore, described the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; examined the extent to which the rural households are food secure or otherwise during the COVID-19 pandemic and examine the drivers of food security status among rural households in South-East Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 200 households with the use of structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, food security index and logistics regression. Results of the findings revealed that the majority of the household heads were male (92%), married (93.5%), educated (87.5%) and had an average age of 54 years. They had an average household size of 7 persons, an average farming experience of 22 years, an average monthly income of N14, 305.5 and majority (83%) do not belong to a cooperative society. Majority (69.5%) of the households were food insecure, while only (30.5%) were food secure. The food-secure households had an average household size of 5 persons, while the food insecure households had 9 persons in their households. The headcount ratio of food secure households was 0.30, while it was 0.70 for food-insecure households. This shows that at least two out of three persons were food insecure in the study area. The surplus/shortfall index indicates that the food secure households exceeded the calorie requirement by 12%, while the food insecure fell short of the recommended calorie intake by 39%. Square food insecure gap or square shortfall index which indicate the severity of food insecurity among the food insecure household was 0.0056. The average calorie available (adult equivalent per day) for food secure households was 2523.5kcal, while average calorie available (AE/day) for food-insecure households was 1389.05kcal. The identified positive drivers of food security were marital status, educational level, cooperative members and annual income of the household heads. While, age of household head, household size and COVID-19 negatively influenced food security status. The study recommends, among others, putting in place immediate policy measures to reduce the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on rural household’s food security through the provision of enough palliatives which should be monitored so that it gets to the targeted population. Effective household size management and enlightenment programs on modern family planning techniques should be encouraged in rural areas. Rural households should also be educated on the nutritional implication of the various food items such as egg, milk, soybean and fish, especially for children to increase their protein intake and boost their immune system against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Modeling optimal price policy of pharmaceutical companies for sales maximization based on Data Science technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
O. Chernyak ◽  
J. Sztrik ◽  
Y. Fareniuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
National Development ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Price Policy

Social capital has become an important aspect of most rural communities in developing nations. But, the dimensions of social capital vary across rural regions while little is known about the factors influencing it in rural areas. This study aimed to identify the prevalent social capital dimensions in rural areas and examine the factors determining rural people involved in those dimensions. A field survey which consists of structured and self-administered questionnaire was carried out with rural households. The information of the survey was obtained from 220 rural households in the study area between August and October, 2019. The descriptive analysis identified social networks (3.875), norms (societal values) (3.390), trust and solidarity (4.115), and cooperation and group action (4.139) as the prevailing social capital dimensions in the rural communities. The results further suggest that cooperation, trust and solidarity, and networks are respectively the dominating social capital dimensions in the rural areas. The results from probit model estimates show that the factors that are more likely to be associated with social capital in rural areas include education, access to credit and ownership of farm (cash crop). Since social capital is becoming a prerequisite for rural development, our findings lead to the suggestion that cooperation, build-up of networks should be facilitated for people in the rural areas. Furthermore, policy direction towards access to education, credit provision and development of primary occupation in the rural areas should also be enhanced. Economic policy makers and rural development agencies are invited to continuously work on the identified factors to promote the individual, community and national development on equitable basis.

scholarly journals Factors influencing social capital in rural communities in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
N. A. Sofoluwe ◽  
L. O. Oyelami ◽  
O. Adisa
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
National Development ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Factors Influencing

Social capital has become an important aspect of most rural communities in developing nations. But, the dimensions of social capital vary across rural regions while little is known about the factors influencing it in rural areas. This study aimed to identify the prevalent social capital dimensions in rural areas and examine the factors determining rural people involved in those dimensions. A field survey which consists of structured and self-administered questionnaire was carried out with rural households. The information of the survey was obtained from 220 rural households in the study area between August and October, 2019. The descriptive analysis identified social networks (3.875), norms (societal values) (3.390), trust and solidarity (4.115), and cooperation and group action (4.139) as the prevailing social capital dimensions in the rural communities. The results further suggest that cooperation, trust and solidarity, and networks are respectively the dominating social capital dimensions in the rural areas. The results from probit model estimates show that the factors that are more likely to be associated with social capital in rural areas include education, access to credit and ownership of farm (cash crop). Since social capital is becoming a prerequisite for rural development, our findings lead to the suggestion that cooperation, build-up of networks should be facilitated for people in the rural areas. Furthermore, policy direction towards access to education, credit provision and development of primary occupation in the rural areas should also be enhanced. Economic policy makers and rural development agencies are invited to continuously work on the identified factors to promote the individual, community and national development on equitable basis.

An Analysis of Consumption Pattern in Pakistan

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Total Expenditure ◽  
Demand Growth ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

The paper aims at testing the validity of Engel's law with data on Pakistan. Consumption functions for urban and rural areas have been estimated separately. These functions are shown to be determined by total expenditure and household size. Engel's law is confirmed for some commodity groups but not for all. Following tests of urban-rural homogeneity and of stability of urban and rural consumption functions, demand growth rates for different food and non-food items have been calculated, assuming different growth rates of total expenditure and household size.

Asistensi Pendirian Badan Usaha Milik Desa Cibogo, Kecamatan Cisauk, Kabupaten Tangerang

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Taufik Raharjo ◽  
Ambang Aries Yudanto ◽  
I Gede Agus Ariutama
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
National Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Outer Ring ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The Village

As the Indonesian government has been committed, that the national development should be puting more focus from the outer-ring or rural areas. One of the instrument to boost the rural development is Village Fund. This decentralization transfer purposively targets to improve the village society’s welfare and alleviate social gap existed among societies. Village-owned enterprise (Badan Usaha Milik Desa or BUMDes) is provided as one of the strategic mechanism to create the welfare by proactively engage the community itsefl. In fact, BUMDes may incorporate Village Fund as capital alternative to support their establishment. This paper highlights the crucial factors in order to establish a village-owned enterprise (BUMDes) in case of Cibogo Village, Cisauk Sub-regency, Tangerang Regency. The study deploys a qualitative approach. To collect the data, we are scouting, interviewing and establishing Focused-Group Discussion that involving the possible parties which may contributes in creating BUMDes. The result has not yet concluded as the process of the research still going on. We predicts that the communities engagement, empowerment and also government support should be taken into account in the early process of establishing BUMDes. Eventually, proactive society’s control and participatory would be decent factors to support the operations of BUMDes itself.

Government Policies and Rural Entrepreneurship- Case Study of an Horticulture Entrepreneur

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinod N. Sambrani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Rural Entrepreneurship ◽  
Development Institutions ◽  
Startup Time ◽  
Nursery Management ◽  
The Government

India is a country which is in forefront of being called a developed nation. To be a developed nation, India has to first look at its rural development, because 70 percent of the population live in rural areas, which means more than 700 million people are spread across 6,27,000 villages. Rural development is more than ever before linked to entrepreneurship. Establishments and agencies promoting rural development now look at entrepreneurship as a strategic development medium that could speed up the rural development process. Development institutions believe that rural entrepreneurship offers a huge potential for employment. In this paper a case study of a young entrepreneur who has taken up horticulture (vegetable plants nursery) as his full time profession, with a mission to help the neighbouring farmers is studied, the purpose of this paper is to understand the government role (policies and schemes), the difficulties faced by the entrepreneur during the startup time and knowledge transfer from the horticulture department, nursery management. The methodology followed is in-depth interaction with the entrepreneur. The outcome of paper will be to understand how rural entrepreneurship is helping improve the quality of life for families, communities and individuals leading to sustainable economy and environment.

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