scholarly journals DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN PEMBATASAN IMPOR BAWANG MERAH TERHADAP USAHATANI BAWANG MERAH DI KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO Policy Impact of Import Restriction of Shalloton Farm in Probolinggo District

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (03) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Wahyudin ◽  
Mochmammad Maksum ◽  
Henry Yuliando
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Matrix Method ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Import Restrictions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix

On January - August 2013, the government implemented a quota-based import restriction policy for the shallot. While on September 2013, the government then changed it into a price-based import restriction. This research aims to determine how the impact of the quota-based and price-based import restrictions to the level of protection, profitability, andefficiency of farm. The method of analysis used in this research is PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix) method. The results showed that the quota-based import restriction policy has increased 141%, 270%, and 32% of protection, profitability, and efficiency of shallot farming, respectively. The price-based import restriction policyhas decreased 46% and 233% of protection and profitability of shallot farming, however it has increased 1% of the efficiency.Keywords: Policy impact, import restriction, shallot, PAM, Probolinggo ABSTRAKPada Januari - Agustus 2013, pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan pembatasan impor berbasis kuota terhadap komoditas bawang merah. Selanjutnya, pada September 2013 pemerintah mengubah kebijakan tersebut menjadi pembatasan impor berbasis harga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak kebijakan pembatasan impor berbasis kuota dan berbasis harga terhadap proteksi, profitabilitas, dan efisiensi usahatani bawang merah. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pembatasan impor berbasis kuota telah meyebabkan proteksi, profitabilitas, dan efisiensi usahatani bawang merah meningkat 141%, 270%, dan 32%. Sedangkan kebijakan pembatasan impor berbasis harga menyebabkan proteksi dan profitabilitas usahatani turun 46% dan 233%, dan efisiensi usahatani meningkat 1%.Kata kunci: Dampak kebijakan, pembatasan impor, bawang merah, PAM, Probolinggo   

scholarly journals Keunggulan Komparatif dan Kompetitif Komoditi Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica) di Desa Ulian, Kecamatan Kintamani, Kabupaten Bangli

2018 ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
NI MADE METRI WIDHYAPURI ◽  
MADE ANTARA ◽  
IDA AYU LISTIA DEWI
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Coffee Farmers ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

The Comparative and Competitive Advantages of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) Commodity in Ulian Village, Kintamani Sub-District of Bangli Regency The study aimed to analyze the comparative and competitive advantages and the divergence of input and output of arabica coffee commodity, to find out the government protection policy against inputs and outputs; and to investigate the impact of changes in input and output prices on profits, comparative advantages, competitive advantages, divergence, and government protection against inputs and outputs. Methods of data collection was interview and observation. The respondents were 38 farmers in Ulian Village, Kintamani, Bangli and selected by random sampling. Data analysis used Policy Analysis Matrix and sensitivity analysis. The result of analysis by using Policy Analysis Matrix showed that the social profit was Rp 47.953.373 and private profit of Rp 33.202.446. The superiority of arabica coffee commodity in Ulian Village consists of comparative and competitive advantages expressed in DRC ratio of 0.23 and PCR ratio of 0.29. The divergence of input and output consists of divergence of revenue of Rp15,734,996, tradable input divergence was Rp 0, domestic factor divergence was Rp. 994,070, and divergence of net profit of Rp 14,750,927. Government protection was expressed in NPCO ratio of 0.75, EPC ratio of 0.75, PC ratio of 0.69, and SRP ratio of -0.24. These ratios indicate that arabica coffee farmers in Ulian Village, Kintamani, Bangli have no protection from the government. Changes in input and output prices during inflation were at 3.02 percent, an increase in input prices by 10 percent and a fall in the price of output by 50 percent resulted in arabica coffee commodities in Ulian Village, Kintamani, Bangli to have comparative and competitive advantages. There is no government protection on arabica coffee farmers in Ulian Village, Kintamani Sub-District of Bangli Regency when input and output prices changed.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAYASAING JAGUNG DI WILAYAH SENTRA PRODUKSI DI INDONESIA DENGAN PENDEKATAN POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX (PAM)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-154
Author(s):  
Ni Wayan Surya Darmayanti ◽  
Ratna Winandi ◽  
Netti Tinaprilla
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
West Java ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Central Java ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Government ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix

The objectives of this research are to analyze competitiveness and the impact of government’s policy of maize farming in several central productions in Indonesia. This research was conducted to analyze maize competitiveness using PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix) method. Data sample was conducted at four maize production centers, including East Java, Central Java, West Java, and South Sulawesi. The results show the forth centre have competitiveness. This showed by PCR values in some production areas less than 1 and for competitive advantage, indicated by DRCR values in production areas also less than 1. Analysis of the Government policy aspect, the government has been able to provide positive incentives for maize farming in North Jawa, Centre of Jawa and West Java. The impact of government policy on inputs and outputs simultaneously can provide a positive incentive to farmers at maize production sites in Java. But the government’s policy hasn’t been able to provide for output in Sulawesi Selatan.  The conclusion is the fourth centres of maize production have competitive and comparative advantage. Sulawesi Selatan has high comparative advantages, so Sulawesi Selatan has high  potential to improve maize farming.

scholarly journals DAYA SAING USAHA TANI PADI DI KECAMATAN SUSUKAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE PAM (POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX)

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yoanes Krisostomos Nargy Justra Septaris ◽  
Tinjung Mary Prihtanti
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
International Market ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix

Competitiveness requires a country to excel in competitive and comparative advantage. The commodities that need to be developed are rice. This commodity was chosen because it is a commodity that the government prioritizes and is full of agricultural policies. The purpose of this study is to determine profits, competitive and comparative advantages and the impact of government policies. This research was conducted in March 2018 in Susukan District, Semarang Regency. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique with a total of 30 respondents. Data analysis using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). The results showed that farming has a competitive and comparative advantage seen from the value of PCR and DRCR less than 1 but the DRCR value of 0.935 means that farming is feared no longer has comparative advantage if there is no interference from government policy. For the government, the policy of subsidizing fertilizers and pesticides is continued so that the farming business remains competitive but the use of fertilizer by farmers should be reduced so that it is in accordance with recommendations from the Agriculture Service or researchers. Marketers should target the domestic market because the price of rice in the international market is lower than in the country.

scholarly journals Impact of Agricultural Policies on the Egyptian Cotton Sector Using Policy Analysis Matrix

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. ELsamie ◽  
Tarek Ali ◽  
Moataz Eliw
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Cotton Crop ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Egyptian Cotton ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix ◽  
Nominal Protection

The Egyptian cotton sector is considered one of the most important export strategic sectors in Egypt, where the Egyptian government takes many agricultural policies that lead to an increase in exports of that crop to foreign markets, as these policies that the government takes have a major impact on the producers of that crop, and this study examined the impact of Agricultural policies on the Egyptian cotton crop, using the policy analysis matrix to know the effect of government policies on the producers of that crop and also the impact of those policies on Egyptian exports of the cotton crop, and the results showed that when comparing the financial and economic performance of the elements of cotton crop production, the financial performance was less than the economic performance on all cost items except workers' wages [1], indicating that the Government is subsidizing cost items, thereby supporting cotton producers. Comparing the average variable costs of cotton during the study period financially and economically shows that the financial valuation exceeds the economic valuation, with the average variable costs of $418.36 at market prices [2] , amounting to $368.84 at world prices, The results also showed that the Nominal Protection Coefficient for the output of the Egyptian cotton in the period under study (2000-2017) was 0.74, indicating the lack of a fair production policy during that period, perhaps due to the fact that the value of the Nominal Protection Coefficient  for the production of the Egyptian cotton crop was lower than the correct one. It also indicated that the value of the Nominal Protection Coefficient for production supplies was 0.92, which indicates a decrease in government support for that crop compared to the value of the effective protection factor of 0.72 during the period under study (2000-2017). This indicates that the factor of the cost of domestic resources for the Egyptian cotton crop is 0.47, and this indicates that the Egyptian cotton has a comparative advantage in foreign markets, the study recommended Maintaining the foreign markets of the Egyptian cotton crop, as it has a global comparative and competitive advantage, and provides the state with foreign exchange, which contributes significantly to the Egyptian national economy.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Management of Pajale Food Security Program (Rice, Corn, and Soybean) In West Aceh Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Amiruddin Amiruddin ◽  
Fajri Fajri ◽  
Muhammad Rusdi
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness and impact of the Pajale (Rice, Corn, and Soybean) of the UPSUS (Special Effort) Program on the production of rice, corn, and soybean in West Aceh regency. This study conducted in West Aceh Regency. The method used to collect the data is the random sampling technique. The number of samples determined using Solvin formula. However, due to the limited time, energy, and cost, the researcher only took 188 samples from the total population of 584 respondents. The analytical method used to answer the first hypothesis is using the effectiveness formula, as follows: The Effectiveness of Program = (R/T) x 100%. The analytical method used to answer the second hypothesis is using the PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix) approach. This method used to determine the impact of the UPSUS Pajale Program. The matrix of PAM consists of two identities that are the profit identity and the deviation identity.Based on references from Litbang Depdagri (Research and Development Agency, Indonesian Ministry of Home Affairs) year 1991, the effectiveness of the UPSUS Pajale Program in West Aceh for Rice and Soybean categorized as effective, which is within the range of ≥80 – 100. Meanwhile for the commodity of corn categorized as quite effective, which is within the range of ≥60 – 80. This shows that the UPSUS Pajale Program implemented in West Aceh can support sustainable food self-sufficiency targeted by the government for rice and soybean commodities. This can be done by increasing the harvested area and production of both commodities.The impact of the program determined using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). If the profit coefficient (PC) > 0, then the government policies can increase profits obtained by producers, and vice versa. Based on the PAM calculation result on the impact of the program, it shows that the UPSUS Pajale Program implemented in West Aceh can increase profits achieve by producers for all three commodities, rice, corn, and soybean where is the PC > 0.

DAYA SAING DAN PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING KOMODITI KAKAO DI SULAWESI TENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-96
Author(s):  
Siti Yuliaty Chansa Arfah ◽  
Harianto . ◽  
Suharno .
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cocoa Beans ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Sulawesi ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji daya saing komoditi kakao di Sulawesi Tengah dan melihat peran pemerintah dalam meningkatkan daya saing komoditi kakao. Data primer berasal dari observasi, wawancara dan kuesioner, sementara data sekunder berasal dari instansi terkait. Metode analisis menggunakan Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) dan analisis sensitivitas. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa nilai PCR Kabupaten Parigi Moutong 0,589 dan Kabupaten Sigi 0,396. Sedangkan nilai DRC Kabupaten Parigi Moutong 0,387 dan Kabupaten Sigi 0,319. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa usahatani komoditi kakao di Sulawesi Tengah memiliki daya saing, namun tidak menguntungkan secara ekonomi karena Sulawesi Tengah menghasilkan biji kakao yang tidak difermentasi akibatnya petani menerima harga rendah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, pemerintah belum memberikan proteksi terhadap harga biji kakao dalam negeri melalui harga referensi biji kakao sehingga harga biji kakao didaerah penelitian masih tergolong rendah jika dibandingkan dengan harga di pasar internasional. Sementara terhadap input, pemerintah telah memberikan kebijakan subsidi kepada petani, namun implementasinya masih perlu perbaikan terutama terkait penyaluran dan pengelolaan bantuan agar merata. Kajian ini merekomendasikan masih diperlukan kebijakan pemerintah baik terhadap input maupun output untuk meningkatkan produktivitas, menurunkan biaya produksi dan menaikkan harga jual biji kakao, sehingga dapat meningkatkan daya saing biji kakao. The purpose of this study is to assess the competitiveness of cocoa in Central Sulawesi and to investigate the role of government in improving the competitiveness of cocoa. The primary data were generated through observation, interviews and some questionnaires. The secondary data were obtained from the agency or the institution related to the research. This study uses the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) and sensitivity analysis. The study found that the PCR value for Parigi Moutong district was 0.589 and Sigi district was 0.396. While, the DRC value for Parigi Moutong district was 0.387 and Sigi district was 0.319. This indicates that cocoa beans farming in Central Sulawesi has competitiveness, but not economically beneficial because Central Sulawesi produces unfermented cocoa beans consequently farmers receive low prices. Based on the results of the government's impact on output analysis, the government did not provide protection for domestic cocoa seed prices through the reference price of cocoa beans, consequently the price of domestic cocoa beans, particularly in the research area, was relatively low compared to the price of cocoa beans at the international market. Seen from the government policy on inputs, the government have provided subsidies to farmers but they need to improve the distribution and management of aid to be evenly distributed. It is necessary to set up good government policy on inputs and outputs in order to increase cocoa seed productivity, decrease production cost and increase the price which simultaneously can improve its competitiveness in the research location.

scholarly journals POLICY ANALYSIS MATRIX FOR THE ESSENTIAL CEREAL CROPS VARIETIES (RICE BUHOOTH 1, AND CORN SYNTHETIC GENOTYPE BAGHDAD 3) (STUDY CASE) IN IRAQ FOR THE YEAR 2012

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lateef & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Cost Coefficient ◽  
Governmental Support ◽  
Resource Cost ◽  
The Government ◽  
Domestic Producer ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix

The objective of this research was to analyze the economic impact of government intervention in the essential cereal crops for (Rice Buhooth1, and Synthetic genotype Baghdad3) by comparing the social price and private prices through adopting policy analysis matrix approach PAM and the derived parameters from it .The research was divided into two chapters; the first chapter was about field counting for the policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention on the Rice Buhooth1. The second chapter was about explaining the field counting for policy analysis matrix PAM and measuring the implications of the government intervention impact on the second synthetic genotype Baghdad3.The research found a set of results, the most important result showed that the value of profitability coefficient was about 3.69, this indicates that the rice crop production system for the Rice Buhooth 1  takes advantage of the adopted government policy in that year, which means that there is governmental support for the product. In addition, domestic resource cost coefficient value which was about 0.72 indicates that there is comparative advantage for the Rice Buhooth 1  for the year 2012. The values of the nominal and effective protection coefficient were about 1.74 and 1.59 respectively; the value of the first factor indicates that there is governmental support for the domestic producer for the above, while the second factor indicates that the domestic producer will obtain greater returns in the investment of its resources in the existence of the government intervention from its absence. Regarding the Synthetic genotype Baghdad3, the value of profitability coefficient was about  1.75  which means that there is governmental support for the product. The domestic resource cost coefficient value was about 0.24 which indicates that there was comparative advantage for the mentioned above for the year 2012. The values of the nominal and effective protection coefficient were about 1.48 and 1.56 respectively; the value of the first factor indicates that there is governmental support for the domestic producer for the above, while the second factor indicates that the domestic producer will obtain greater returns in the investment of its resources in the existence of the government intervention from its absence. Finally, it is highly recommended that support should be increased for the varieties that the country has greater comparative advantage in order to improve the utilization of available resources and reduce wasted resources. Moreover, similar studies should be done in the future by other researchers to major cereal crops varieties at the country level in order to do comparison between them to set a mechanism for the government intervention policy in the main crop prices in the country which help both the local producer and agricultural investor in directing its resources properly.

scholarly journals RELASI MASJID DAN PASAR: KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI HUKUM TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PENERAPAN PEMBATASAN SOSIAL BERSKALA BESAR SAAT PANDEMI COVID 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
Indra Budi Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Sociology Of Law ◽  
Restriction Policy ◽  
Social Restriction ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Islam as a religion wants its people to always maintain a balance between religiosity (al din) and worldly problems (al dunya). The relationship between the two describes something that is separate but inseparable (harmony). However, for modern society, this condition often creates contradictions, this condition was seen at the time of the Covid 19 pandemic. The implementation of Large-Scale Social Restrictions by the government in an effort to overcome the spread of the impact of Covid 19 to the community by limiting activities in mosques and allowing activities in the market to continue in fact responded by the community differently. The methodology used is qualitative by using social policy analysis. This paper tries to examine social policies towards the application of large-scale social restrictions on mosques and markets. In this paper, the sociology of law theory is used, namely Law is a social engineering tool which emphasizes that law becomes the commander who must bring change to society. The results obtained in the research are that the community responds to the large-scale social restriction policy differently, where the purpose of the policy is for the community to be expected to make changes by complying with the rules that have been set by the government, the conditions for rejection and various responses are caused by disharmony between implementation of policies with public awareness of the law.Keyword : Policy, large-Scale Restrictions and the sociology of law. AbstrakIslam sebagai agama mengkhendaki umatnya agar senantiasa menjaga keseimbangan antara religiusitas (al din) dan masalah keduniaan (al dunia). Hubungan keduanya menggambarkan sesuatu yang terpisah namun tidak bisa dipisahkan (harmoni). Namun bagi masyarakat modern kondisi tersebut seringkali justru menimbulkan pertentangan, kondisi tersebut nampak pada saat terjadinya pandemi Covid 19. Penerapan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar oleh pemerintah dalam upaya penanggulangan penyebaran dampak Covid 19 kepada masyarakat dengan membatasi aktivitas di masjid dan membiarkan kegiatan di pasar tetap berjalan nyatanya direspon oleh masyarakat secara berbeda. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis kebijakan sosial, Tulisan ini mencoba menelaah kebijakan sosial terhadap penerapan pembatasan sosial berskala besar terhadap masjid dan pasar. Dalam penulisan ini dipergunakan teori sosiologi hukum yaitu Law is a tool social engineering yang menegaskan bahwa hukum menjadi panglima yang harus membawa perubahan terhadap masyarakat. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian adalah Masyarakat merespon kebijakan pembatasan sosial berskala besar tersebut secara berbeda, dimana tujuan kebijakan tersebut adalah untuk masyarakat diharapkan dapat melakukan perubahan dengan mematuhi aturan yang telah di tetapkan oleh pemerintah, kondisi penolakan dan respon beragam tersebut di sebabkan oleh ketidak harmonisannya antara penerapan kebijakan dengan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap hukum.Kata Kunci : Kebijakan,  Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar dan Sosiologi Hukum

scholarly journals The competitiveness analysis of shallot in Indonesia: A Policy Analysis Matrix

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256832
Author(s):  
Saptana ◽  
Endro Gunawan ◽  
Atika Dyah Perwita ◽  
Syahrul Ganda Sukmaya ◽  
Valeriana Darwis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Incentive Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Analysis Matrix

Shallot is a national strategic commodity in Indonesia, but it is development has a fundamental technical, socioeconomic, and policy support problems. Therefore, it is essential to know the competitiveness of shallot in Indonesia and the incentive policy to implement the comparative advantage to become a sustainable competitive advantage. The purposes of this study are to (1) analyze the profitability of shallot farming privately and socially, (2) analyze the competitiveness of shallot farming from a competitive and comparative advantage perspective, (3) review the impact of government policy on shallot farming, and (4) formulate incentive policies in the development of shallot commodities. The empirical results of the Policy Analysis Matrix revealed that shallot farming in production centers in Indonesia has both competitive and comparative advantages. The highest competitive and comparative advantages were found in the dry season in the upland of Malang district with the coefficient values of PCR (Private Cost Ratio) of 0.268–0.508 and DRCR (Domestic Resource Cost Ratio) of 0.208–0.323. The lowest competitive advantage was found in the lowland of East Lombok district in the dry season with a coefficient value of PCR 0.728–0.844. The lowest comparative advantage in the dry season was found in East Lombok district with a DRCR of 0.448, while in the rainy season, it was found in Wonosobo district with a DRCR of 0.522. These results mean that it is more profitable for Indonesia to increase domestic shallot production than to import. Improving shallot competitiveness can be carried out by implementing advanced technology, agricultural infrastructure, capacity building of farmers’ resources, and government incentive policies to increase productivity and competitiveness sustainability.

scholarly journals Impact of government policies on Sustainable Petroleum Supply Chain (SPSC): A case study – Part I (Models)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davoud Ghahremanlou ◽  
Wieslaw Kubiak
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
General Model ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Impact ◽  
Renewable Fuel Standard ◽  
Stochastic Programming Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Environmental concerns and energy security have led governments to establish legislations to convertConventional Petroleum Supply Chain (CPSC) to Sustainable Petroleum Supply Chain (SPSC). The United States(US), one of the biggest oil consumers in the world, has created regulations to manage ethanol production and con-sumption for the last half century. Though these regulations have created new opportunities, they have also added newburdens to the obligated parties. It is thus key for the government, the obligated parties, and related businesses to studythe impact of the policies on the SPSC. We develop a two-stage stochastic programming model, General Model (GM),which incorporates Renewable Fuel Standard 2 (RFS2), Tax Credits, Tariffs, and Blend Wall (BW) to study the policyimpact on the SPSC using cellulosic ethanol. The model, as any other general model available in the literature, makesit highly impractical to study the policy impact due to the model’s computational complexity. We use the GM to derivea Lean Model (LM) to study the impact by running computational experiments more efficiently and consequently byarriving at robust managerial insights much faster. We present a case study of the policy impact on the SPSC in theState of Nebraska using the LM in the accompanying part II (Ghahremanlou and Kubiak 2020).

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