scholarly journals KETAHANAN PANGAN PADA ERA GLOBALISASI DAN OTONOMISASI

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sri Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
The Self ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rice Market ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The World ◽  
Stock Policy

Food security deals with food availability, accesscibility and stability. Food availability can be from domestic production and import. Although the production of cereals in developing countries almost equal to the production in developed countries, the much greater population of almost 79 % of the world population, the self sufficiency rate of cereals in developing countries is only 91% and to be net importer, while the self sufficiency rate of the developed countries, are more than 100 % (108 %). There are some exception for several developing countries to be big rice exporters such like Thailand, Vietnam, India, China and Pakistan.Cereal staple foods in developing countries is dominated by rice especially in East and South Asia, includes Indonesia. International rice market is characterized with oligopolistic since only six big exporting countries supllying the international rice market.After experiencing rice self sufficiency in 1984 – 1994 Indonesia have been net rice importer again, even in 1998 21% of marketed rice ini the world market were imported by Indonesia. There should be a policy to increase production to a certain rate of rice self sufficiency that will not influence the world rice market equilibrium.The food accessibility depend closely on the wider economic condition such as income distribution, poverty and unemployment, Government intervention is needed toreduce instability including to protect from the international market instability by flexible tariff. Stabilizing the seasional price fluctuation by floor price and ceiling price policy combined with buffer-stock policy had been successful. However, there should be a modified policy toward more liberized without import monopoly

The Logic of Disorder: The Sculptural Materialism of Abraham Cruzvillegas

October ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 78-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Adèle Greeley
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
The Self ◽  
Market System ◽  
The World ◽  
Object Experience ◽  
Market Driven

Two models of object experience dominate definitions of sculpture today. One argues that commodification is a universally uniform experience of relentless violence that frames all materialities everywhere within the demands of the globalized market. The second argues that the "unruliness of things" can still disrupt the "rule of the commodity." The autoconstrucción sculptural practice of Abraham Cruzvillegas, argues Greeley, marks a third position. Derived from the "self-building" architecture of the squatter settlement on the edge of Mexico City where he grew up, Cruzvillegas’s work is located in the dialectic between object experience in developing countries and object experience in the hegemonic 'centers' of developed countries and the market-driven international art circuit. Under the rubric of autoconstrucción, Cruzvillegas exploits this dialectic, not to claim any utopian redemptive space outside the world market system, nor to insist on a universally uniform experience of commodification within it, but rather to assert the asymmetries of object experience induced by global economic integration.

scholarly journals Development trends of the current global economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Viktoriia DERHACHOVA ◽  
Viktoriia HOLIUK ◽  
Oleksandr ZGHUROVSKYI
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World

Nowadays modern economics is going through a lot of changes, that makes Ukrainian businessmen track its all current trends to support the necessary level of competitiveness on the world market. The purpose of the paper is to research the current trends of the global economy and identify its prospects. The study has brought the following results. The authors identified that among the most significant trends that determine the future of the global economy are the following: economic convergence, globalization, changes in the ranking of economic growth leaders in favor of Asian countries, the growth of cryptocurrency markets, constant growth of the global debt, changes in the demographic map in favor of African countries. China, which has been considered to be the major driver of global economic development for the last decade, will gradually lose its positions to India. The article points out that today we can observe a phenomenon of economic convergence, which approximates level of economic development of different countries through faster growth rates of gross domestic products in developing countries compared to developed countries. The main causes of economic convergence include globalization, which has contributed to the spread of know-how, decline in the working-age population in developed countries compared to the rest of the world, increase in labor productivity in developing countries, and redistribution of the labor force of these countries toward higher productivity sectors. The study identifies the prospects for modifying the economic map of the world based on the following factors: increase in the rate of development of Asian economies, population growth and urbanization of certain countries in Asia and Africa, slowdown in the economic development of developed countries and the aging of European nations. The article identifies that all of these trends take place in the framework of the fourth industrial revolution, which largely determines these changes, shaping the sectoral and geographical structure of the global economic development and employment.

scholarly journals Dimensions and causes of long-term decrease in prices of primary commodities in the world market

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladjen Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Industrial Products ◽  
The Real ◽  
Economies In Transition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

In the distant past prices of primary commodities had shown a tendency of decrease and their increase was recorded only during the First and Second World Wars. Since 1950s there had been recorded a slight decrease in global price indices of primary commodities, while in early 1970s they grew to a considerable extent. After that and up to 2001 the global nominal price indices and particularly real price indices of non-energy primary products drastically fell reaching the lowest level in their history. This applied to prices of all primary commodities as a whole as well as to all groupings of these products. On the other hand, prices of industrial products exported by developed countries to underdeveloped and medium-developed ones, dynamically grew in the second half of the previous century. Thus, the terms of trade substantially aggravated for underdeveloped countries whose exports structure is still dominated by non-energy primary commodities. Therefore, the negative correlation was clearly manifested between a very high share of primary commodities in the structure of commodity exports and a very low per capita income in a number of developing countries. The drastic fall in prices of primary commodities and the simultaneous dynamic growth in prices of industrial products caused to a great extent reduction of the share of primary commodities in the world commodity trade - from 57 per cent recorded in 1950 to only over 20 per cent recorded in late 20th and early 21st centuries. Among numerous factors that have brought about a drastic fall in prices of primary commodities the most prominent are: technical and technological progress in their production, production of their substitutes, in traffic and other sectors as well. Apart from this, the decrease in prices of primary commodities has been considerably caused by change in exchange rate at par to US dollar, agricultural policies of developed countries, privatisation of companies that produce commodities and particularly by too excessive production and purchase in relation to demand and spending that in recent years have been under the impact of recession that has emerged in developed economies and a number of newly industrialised and developing countries, as well as a very slow revival of economies in transition. By all this, a drastic fall in prices of a number of particular products from this group has also resulted from the impact exerted by some specific factors. Taking into consideration the fact that the impact of the most important factors that have brought about the drastic fall in prices of primary commodities is of permanent character and that it will be exerted to a greater or lesser extent in the next dozen of years the experts of the World Bank forecasted in late 2002 that, taken as a whole, the real prices of primary commodities would slightly increase by 2015, but they would still be at a lower level than in 1990. By all this, they forecasted that the real prices of energy commodities (this also including raw oil) would be considerably reduced in that period.

The Technological Dependence of Developing Countries

1974 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra J. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Population ◽  
Average Income ◽  
The World ◽  
World Income ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Third World

In less than two centuries the process of industrialisation has spread from a tiny triangle in Britain to nearly 25 per cent of the world population. But it has so far largely by-passed the Third World, including China and socialist East Asia, and the southern periphery of Europe from Portugal to Bulgaria. These developing countries account for almost 75 per cent of the world population, but for only 20 per cent of the world income. On the other hand, the developed countries, with only 25 per cent of the population, have an average income per capita about ten times as high, and account for as much as 80 per cent of the real world output.

scholarly journals Perspectiva de la población mundial / Outlook for the World Population

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Víctor L. Urquidi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
World Population ◽  
Population Forecasts ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Countries In Transition ◽  
And Migration

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de las proyecciones de la población de los países que en 2003 contaban con más de 10 millones de habitantes, adscritos en tres grupos de países según niveles del PIB per cápita en 2001: países desarrollados, países en transición y países en vías de desarrollo. En el caso de estos últimos, se forman dos subgrupos: los de nivel medio y los de nivel bajo. Se hace referencia a algunos  volúmenes de población y al comportamiento de la tasa de crecimiento de la población, de la fecundidad y de la migración. En cuanto a los países en vías de desarrollo, el énfasis se pone, además de los volúmenes poblacionales, en las heterogeneidades en los niveles de la fecundidad, migración y mortalidad. Con base en este recuento, se duda que se cumplan las metas sobre la estabilización de la población hacia el 2050 o 2060 y se llama la atención acerca de la necesidad de vincular las esferas demográficas con las económicas, sociales y financieras. AbstractThis paper presents the results of the population forecasts for countries that in 2003 had over 10 million inhabitants, divided into three groups according to GDP per capita levels in 2001: developed countries, countries in transition and developing countries. The latter includes two sub-groups: those of the medium and low level. Reference is made to certain volumes of population and the behavior of the population growth rate, fertility and migration. In developing countries, emphasis is placed on population volumes and the heterogeneity of fertility, migration and mortality levels. On the basis of this review, the author doubts that the goals for stabilizing the population between 2050 and 2060 will be met and stresses the need to link demographic spheres to the economic, social and financial spheres.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

IMPACT OF NATIONAL DISASTER COVID-19, INDONESIA TOWARDS ECONOMIC RECESSION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
endang naryono
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Disaster

Covid-19 or the corona virus is a virus that has become a disaster and a global humanitarian disaster began in December 2019 in Wuhan province in China, April 2020 the spread of the corona virus has spread throughout the world making the greatest humanitarian disaster in the history of human civilization after the war world II, Already tens of thousands of people have died, millions of people have been infected with the conona virus from poor countries, developing countries to developed countries overwhelmed by this virus outbreak. Increasingly, the spread follows a series of measurements while patients who recover recover from a series of counts so that this epidemic becomes a very frightening disaster plus there is no drug or vaccine for this corona virus yet found, so that all countries implement strategies to reduce this spread from social distancing, phycal distancing to with a city or country lockdown.

A Decade of the World Trade Organization and the Trade Performance of Muslim Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Ruzita Mohd. Amin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Merchandise Trade ◽  
Wto Agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995 as a successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), has played an important role in promoting global free trade. The implementation of its agreements, however, has not been smooth and easy. In fact this has been particularly difficult for developing countries, since they are expected to be on a level playing field with the developed countries. After more than a decade of existence, it is worth looking at the WTO’s impact on developing countries, particularly Muslim countries. This paper focuses mainly on the performance of merchandise trade of Muslim countries after they joined the WTO. I first analyze their participation in world merchandise trade and highlight their trade characteristics in general. This is then followed by a short discussion on the implications of WTO agreements on Muslim countries and some recommendations on how to face this challenge.

Features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
The World

The level of economic development of entrepreneurship in any country in the world is crucial in increasing the competitiveness of the national economy in the world market of goods and services. The activities of economic entities are the driving force for the sustainable development of regions and their suburban areas, and they also impact the welfare of population. The article dwells on the analysis of scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. The article analyzes the scientific approaches to the regulation of economic development of enterprises in suburban areas of the region. According to the well-known classics of the fundamental economic theory of entrepreneurship development (A. Smith, D. Ricardo, V. Laungard, A. Loria) the peculiarities of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban territories of the region are determined by the possibility of distribution of surplus production, minimum production costs per unit of production, availability of labor resources. In modern economic theory (M. Weber, A. Pre, S.M. Kimelberg, E. Williams, C. Vlachou, O. Iakovidou, J. van Dijk, P. Pellenbarg) the development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region can be determined by institutional, innovation, technological, social, ecological and other features of the economy at the regional, state or world levels. The complex and comprehensive generalization of the features of economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas is proposed. There are (1) the type of decision taken by an enterprise to carry out business activities in the relevant suburban area of the region, and (2) the influence of internal and external factors on economic activity. The article argues that large enterprises are guided by more objective decision-making reasons, attaching the most importance to the physical and innovative environment. Medium and small enterprises are mainly focused on getting benefits for the entrepreneur in the short-term time period and location in the nearest geographic area. The attention was paid to the tools of ensuring economic development of entrepreneurship in suburban areas of the region, taking into account institutional changes in the national economy and the experience of developed countries of the world.

What is an Ecodisaster?

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Cloudsley-Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
World Population ◽  
Human Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Environmental Deterioration ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Near Future

The term ‘ecodisaster’ may be defined as ‘a global catastrophe of the human species’. Any ecodisasters occurring in the near future will, almost certainly, be caused, directly or indirectly, by the present overpopulation of the world, accompanied by unwise and irresponsible disregard of environmental deterioration.The suggestion is made here that Man's first and, it is to be hoped, last, ecodisaster may already have begun. Although not dramatic, it is taking the form of a steady decline in the standard of living nearly everywhere, coupled with massive pollution, and widespread malnutrition in the under-developed countries of the world. It will persist until world population eventually becomes adjusted to environmental resources.It is ironical that control of the pests and diseases which have inflicted so much misery on mankind in the past, should have helped to engender the present population explosion with all the hunger and privation that accompany it in the under-developed regions of the world.

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