Toxicity of Legiayu incense as Insecticide and Larvicide Against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Mortality

Community-based DHF vector control has been implemented in Indonesia but has not yet obtained optimal results. Thus, in the community choosing synthetic insecticides to control disease vectors. However, irregular and excessive use of insecticides has a toxic effect and resistance to mosquitoes. Burning mosquito coils and incense containing synthetic dyes and fragrances have the potential to reduce environmental quality. Therefore, this research was conducted to analyze the toxicity of Legiayu incense as an insecticide and larvicide against Aedes aegypti mosquito mortality. The research design is experimental with a completely randomized design. Testing was conducted by providing exposure to smoke and ash of Legiayu incense five times on twenty-five Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Statistical analysis used one-way ANOVA, LSD, and probit test. The test result as insecticide value (p=0.000) effective exposure for 20 minutes with a durability of 6 hours. The test result as larvicide value (p=0.000) effective exposure for 24 hours. Thus, exposure toismoke and ash of iLegiayuiincense has a very noticeable effect on the mortality of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Exposureito Legiayu incense smoke obtained an LT50 value of 0,9012 ≤ 5 (super toxic category) with a time of 15 minutes 39 seconds, coefficient determination of 99.24%, and correlation coefficient of 99.62% while exposure to the ash of Legiayu incense obtained LT50 value of 0,05896 ≤ 5 (super toxic category) with time 19 hours 15 minutes 34 seconds, coefficient determination and correlation coefficient of 100%. Histopathological test results showed that Legiayu incense smoke did not cause tissue degeneration, necrosis, hyperplasia, and metaplasia in the lung tissue of mice (mus musculus) within a period of 12 weeks. Thus, Legiayu incense is effective as insecticides and larvicides against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Legiayu incense has potential substitute for mosquito repellent coils, temephos, and synthetic incense circulating in the market.

Download Full-text

Isolasi dan Uji Patogenitas Isolat Fungi Entomopatogen Terhadap Stadium Dewasa Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA ◽

10.31957/jbp.832 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 33-41

Author(s):

Supiyanto Supiyanto ◽

Emantis Rosa ◽

Bambang Irawan ◽

Nismah Nukmal

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Key Words ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Microbiology Laboratory ◽

Penicillium Sp ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Mosquito Mortality ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Aspergillus Sp

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of four types of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from Ae. aegypti mosquitoes from Bandar Lampung to the mortality of adult stages of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. This research was conducted in October 2018-January 2019 at the Microbiology Laboratory of FMIPA, University of Lampung. This research using factorial completely randomized design with two factor treatment. The first factor is type of isolate (Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., IL3 (unidentified), Aspergillus sp.) and second faktor is dilution (control, 10 (without dilution), 10-1, 10-2, 10-3). Data were analyzed using ANOVA. If there are significant differences, then it is continued by the Duncan Test at the level of 5%. The results showed that the four types of fungi (Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Aspergillus sp. and IL3) were able to cause mortality of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes with the highest killing power was in Mucor sp. 10 (without dilution) is 43.33%. But the most effective is Mucor sp. 10-3 because the highest dilution has been able to cause mosquito mortality by 30%. Key words: Ae. aegypti, DHF, entomopathogenic fungi, isolate, dilution.

Download Full-text

EFEKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA NABATI DAUN SALAM (SYZYGIUM POLYANTHUM) TERHADAP MORTALITAS NYAMUK AEDES AEGYPTI

VISIKES: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat ◽

10.33633/visikes.v20i2.4814 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ana Windari ◽

Mimatun Nasihah ◽

Nur Lathifah Syakbanah

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Mosquito Mortality ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The Right ◽

Mortality Percentage ◽

Leaf Vegetable

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute disease in the form of dengue virus infection which is spread through mosquito bites. The use of synthetic insecticides actually causes negative effects on the environment, so another alternative is needed, namely the use of bay leaf vegetable insecticides. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of bay leaf insecticide (Syzygium polyanthum) as an insecticide against the mortality of Aedes Aegypti mosquitoes with the liquid electric method. This study used a quasi-experimental (quasi-experimental) design with a completely randomized design (CRD) method where the experiment was conducted on 150 mosquitoes in 5 treatments and 3 replications. The results of the percentage of bay leaf solution (Syzgium polyanthum) which has the largest number of mosquito mortality at a concentration of 80 ml/200 ml of water with a mortality percentage of 60%. The result of probit LC50 analysis of bay leaf solution was 64,315 g/ml. The higher the concentration of the solution given, the greater the number of mosquito mortality. It is necessary to modify the right tools and methods to make a solution of bay leaf (Syzgium polyanthum) so that it is more effectively applied in the community.Keywords: bioinsecticide, bay leaf, liquid electric, mortality, Aedes aegypti

Download Full-text

Uji Insektisida Serai (Cymbopogon nardus) dan Daun Zodia (Evodia Suaveolens) Terhadap Mortalitas Nyamuk (Aedes aegypti)

Jurnal SAINS ALAMI (Known Nature) ◽

10.33474/j.sa.v2i1.3741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mahmudi Mahmudi ◽

Hari Santoso ◽

Saimul Laili

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Cymbopogon Nardus ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Mosquito Mortality ◽

Natural Insecticides ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The One ◽

One Way Anova

Natural insecticides made from lemongrass plants and zodia which are environmentally friendly insecticides and contribute to mosquito mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of lemongrass insecticides (Cymbopogon nardus) and leaves of zodiac (Evodia suaveolens) on mosquito mortality (Aedes aegypti), and to determine the treatment of insecticides that were more effective against the mortality of mosquitoes. The research method used the experimental completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications, namely treatment 1 control; treatment of 2 insecticides zodia; treatment of 3 lemongrass insecticides; and treatment of 4 combination lemongrass insecticides and zodia. The results showed that the control treatment did not effect, whereas in the treatment of zodia insecticides, lemongrass and combinations there were influences, presumably this happened because of difference in the chemical compounds of the 2 plants against mosquitoes. The results showed that mosquito mortality was controlled by 0%; mosquito mortality with zodia insecticide of 28%; mosquito mortality with lemongrass insecticide of 16.4%; and mosquito mortality with combination lemongrass insecticides and zodiac of 43.2%. The results of the One Way ANOVA test showed that there were significant differences and tended to experience increased mosquito mortality after being treated. Insecticides that are more effective in causing mosquito mortality are combination insecticides of lemongrass and zodia leaves.Keywords: Vegetable Insecticides, Lemongrass Plants, Zodia Plants, Mosquitoes.ABSTRAKInsektisida alami yang terbuat dari tanaman serai dan zodia merupakan insektisida alami yang ramah lingkungan dan berperan terhadap mortalitas nyamuk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh insektisida serai (Cymbopogon nardus) dan daun zodia (Evodia suaveolens) terhadap mortalitas nyamuk (Aedes aegypti) dan untuk mengetahui perlakuan insektisida yang lebih efektif terhadap mortalitas nyamuk (Aedes aegypti). Metode penelitian menggunkan eksperimental Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan yaitu perlakuan 1 kontrol; perlakuan 2 insektisida zodia; perlakuan 3 insektisida serai; dan perlakuan 4 insektisida kombinasi serai dan zodia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan kontrol tidak ada pengaruh terhadap mortalitas nyamuk, sedangkan pada perlakuan insektisida zodia, serai serta kombinasi terdapat pengaruh, diduga hal tersebut terjadi karena adanya perbedaan kandungan senyawa kimia dari 2 tanaman tersebut terhadap nyamuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mortalitas nyamuk perlakuan kontrol 0%; mortalitas nyamuk dengan insektisida zodia 28%; mortalitas nyamuk dengan insektisida serai 16,4%; dan mortalitas nyamuk dengan insektisida kombinasi serai dan zodia 43,2%. Hasil analisis uji One Way ANOVA menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dan cenderung mengalami peningkatan mortalitas nyamuk setelah diberi perlakuan. Insektisida yang lebih efektif dalam mengakibatkan mortalitas pada nyamuk yaitu insektisida kombinasi serai dan daun zodia.Kata kunci: Insektisida Nabati, Tanaman Serai, Tanaman Zodia, Nyamuk

Download Full-text

Analysis of Fibronectin and TGF-β1 Immunoexpression to Determination of Wound Vitality in Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Journal Of Medicine & Health ◽

10.28932/jmh.v1i1.499 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nita Novita ◽

Hasrayati Agustina ◽

Bethy S. Hernowo ◽

Abdul H. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Age Determination ◽

Scientific Field ◽

Wound Age ◽

Forensic Practice ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Tgf Β1

Wound examination is indispensable in forensic practice. The scientific field of wound age determination has advanced progressively during recent years.The purpose of this study was to determine the differences of fibronectin and TGF-β1 expression in both antemortem and postmortem wounds. This study was an experimental with completely randomized design. The skin wounds (vital and postmortem) were taken from fourty Wistar rats and divided into 10 groups of rats. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the differences between antemortem and postmortem wounds. The result showed that in 30 minutes after antemortem wound infliction, all of samples showed weak reactivity for fibronectin and TGF-β1 (100%). In first hour after wound infliction, 3 samples (75%) showed weakly positive and 1 sample (25%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In 2 hour after wound infliction, 1 sample (25%) showed weakly positive and 3 sample (75%) strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In 3 and 4 hour after wound infliction, all of samples strongly positive for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In postmortem wound, all of samples showed negativity for fibronectin and TGF-β1. In conclusion, fibronectin and TGF-β1 may be useful in the determination of wound vitality. Keywords: wound, fibronectin, TGF-β1, vitality

Download Full-text

Resonance Rayleigh Scattering Spectral Determination of As(V) Using Cu(II) as Catalyst

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.23 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 788 ◽

pp. 23-26

Author(s):

Gui Qing Wen ◽

Ai Hui Liang

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Detection Limit ◽

Spectral Method ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Rayleigh Scattering ◽

Resonance Rayleigh Scattering ◽

Spectral Determination ◽

Strong Resonance ◽

Hcl Medium

In HCl medium and in the presence of CuSO4, Na3AsO4 can be reduced by NaH2PO2 to form As nanoparticles (AsNs) which exhibited a strong resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) peak at 370 nm. Under the chosen conditions, the increased intensity at 370 nm was linear to As5+ concentration in the range of 0.48-38.0×10-6 mol/L, with a regression equation of ΔI370nm = 82.3 CAs + 33.9, a correlation coefficient of 0.9878 and a detection limit of 2.0×10-7 mol/L As5+. The proposed method was applied to detect As5+ concentration in waste water, with simplicity, rapidity and accuracy. Thus, a novel RRS spectral method was established to determine As5+.

Download Full-text

Hereditary Influences on the Hematic Level of Adenosinetriphosphate: A Twin Study

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae ◽

10.1017/s1120962300012786 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 381-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Gedda ◽

D. Casa ◽

G. Brenci

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Twin Study

SummaryDosage of the hematic level of ATP has been afforded in 20 (7 MZ and 13 DZ) twin pairs aged 4-6 years. The intrapair correlation coefficient has been calculated and resulted to be significantly higher in MZ than DZ twin pairs. The hereditary “quantum” in the determination of the hematic level of ATP was also estimated and resulted to be of about two thirds.

Download Full-text

31 Determination of Optimal Harvest Weight for Mangalica Pigs Using a Serial Harvest Approach to Measure Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz397.078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 34-34

Author(s):

Maegan A Reeves ◽

Courtney E Charlton ◽

Shannon R Wilkerson ◽

John G Rehm ◽

Terry D Brandebourg

Keyword(s):

Live Weight ◽

Weight Class ◽

Marbling Score ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Carcass Parameters ◽

Body Weights ◽

Optimal Harvest ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Growth Trial

Abstract Mangalica pigs are a popular niche breed given their reputation for superior quality pork. However, growth and carcass parameters for this breed are poorly documented. Our objective was to better characterize optimal harvest weights for the Mangalica breed. To accomplish this, a growth trial was conducted whereby pigs (n=56) were randomly distributed across stratified harvest weights (50, 57, 68, 82, 93, 102, 127 kg) in a completely randomized design. Pigs were fed standard finisher rations with individual daily feed intakes and weekly body weights recorded for all animals. At 24h postmortem, carcasses were split and ribbed with marbling and loin eye area (LEA) measured at the 10th rib. Primal cuts were fabricated and individually weighed. Fat back was separated from the loin and weighed. As expected, live weight significantly increased across weight class (P < 0.0001). ADG was similar across classes up to 82 kg live weight before steadily declining with increasing weight class (P < 0.0025). Likewise, feed efficiency did not differ between classes until weights heavier than 82 kg (P < 0.03). LEA significantly increased by class up to 82 kg and then plateaued as harvest weight increased further (P < 0.003). Marbling score significantly increased with increasing weight class up to 102 kg where they then plateaued (p < 0.04). Fat back dramatically increased across all weight classes (p < 0.0001) despite negligible increases in LEA or marbling after 102 kg. Primal cut weights for the ham (P < 0.0001), loin (P < 0.0001), Boston butt (P < 0.0001), shoulder (P < 0.0001), and belly (P < 0.0001) all significantly increased with increasing live weight. These data suggest an optimal harvest weight occurs between 82 to 102 kg while offering little objective justification for the current practice of harvesting Mangalica pigs at much heavier live weights.

Download Full-text

Reduction in the in vitro sensitivity oF Drechslera tritici-repentis, isolated from wheat, to strobilurin and triazole fungicides

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/0100-5405/2160 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Rosane Baldiga Tonin ◽

Erlei Melo Reis ◽

Aveline Avozani

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

In Vitro Sensitivity ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Inhibition Data ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Control Failure ◽

Quinone Outside Inhibitors ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Reports of failure in the chemical control of wheat yellow leaf spot led to determination of the sensitivity of Drechslera tritici-repentis (Dtr) to the fungicides quinone outside inhibitors (QoIs) and demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). The IC50 was obtained for strobilurins (azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin) and for triazoles (cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole and tebuconazole), using five Dtr isolates. Seven concentrations of the fungicides were tested in the bioassay: 0.00; 0.01; 0.10; 1.00; 10:00 and 20.00 and 40.00 mg/L active ingredient (a.i.). Assays consisted of completely randomized design and four replicates. Each experiment was performed twice, using the average of the two tests for statistical analysis. The percentage inhibition data for conidial germination (QoIs) and for mycelial growth (DMIs) were subjected to logarithmic regression analysis, calculating the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) based on the generated equation. There was a reduction in the sensitivity of Dtr isolates to strobilurins. IC50 values ranged from 0.58 to > 40.00 mg/L. The lowest sensitivity of isolates was detected for azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin and trifloxystrobin. Pyraclostrobin was most efficient, showing IC50 between 0.58 and 1.03 mg/L. The IC50 ranged from 0.35 to 1.37 mg/L for epoxiconazole, from 0.49 to 1.28 mg/L for propiconazole and from 1.41 to 2.34 mg/L for tebuconazole. Prothioconazole was most potent, showing IC50 between 0.09 and 0.21 mg/L. The hypothesis that the control failure can be attributed to the reduced Dtr sensitivity to the fungicides QoIs and DMIs was confirmed.

Download Full-text