scholarly journals Global Coordination against Global Warning: “Catch-up” Countries against Affluent Countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Global Warning ◽  
The World ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Global Coordination

<p><em>The UNFCCC has delivered the COP21 project as the main response to climate change, promising radical decarbonisation of the country economies in the world. A promise is merely a verbal commitment ex ante, whereas the outcomes of policy-making and government coordination inform about the actual matters of fact ex post. Scholars now fear that there will be reneging or defection in the COP21 games to be started now with a long time frame into the next half of this century. Thus, world famous Stern (2016) asks what we are waiting for, given his stern warnings already in 2007. And Conca (2015) suggests that environmentalism and climate change becomes the chief task for the United Nations, on par with peace, security, human rights and development. Star economist Sachs (2015a, b, c) promotes the idea of linking anti-global warming policies with general </em><em>S</em><em>ustainable </em><em>D</em><em>evelopment (SDGs), including anti-poverty policies. Yet, they bypass fundamentals: climate change is driven by Juggernaut forces, namely the links between GDP, energy consumption and greenhouse gases involving the economic struggle between the haves and have-nots. The challenges in implementing the COP21 goals (I+III) are formidable.</em></p>

A “Natural” Proposal for Addressing Climate Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Long Time

One of the fundamental challenges of climate change is that we contribute to it increment by increment, and experience it increment by increment after a considerable time lag. As a consequence, it is very difficult to see what we are doing to ourselves, to future generations, and to the living planet as a whole. There are monumental ethical issues involved, but they are obscured by the incremental nature of the process and the long time frame before reaching the concentration of greenhouse gases and the ensuing accumulation of radiant heat—and consequent climate change—that ensues.

scholarly journals Risk-Sharing and the Creation of Systemic Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Viral V. Acharya ◽  
Aaditya M. Iyer ◽  
Rangarajan K. Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Systemic Risk ◽  
Risk Sharing ◽  
Lender Of Last Resort ◽  
Financial Innovations ◽  
Correlated Failures ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The World ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Aggregate Risks

We address the paradox that financial innovations aimed at risk-sharing appear to have made the world riskier. Financial innovations facilitate hedging idiosyncratic risks among agents; however, aggregate risks can be hedged only with liquid assets. When risk-sharing is primitive, agents self-hedge and hold more liquid assets; this buffers aggregate risks, resulting in few correlated failures compared to when there is greater risk sharing. We apply this insight to build a model of a clearinghouse to show that as risk-sharing improves, aggregate liquidity falls but correlated failures rise. Public liquidity injections, for example, in the form of a lender-of-last-resort can reduce this systemic risk ex post, but induce lower ex-ante levels of private liquidity, which can in turn aggravate welfare costs from such injections.

Understanding competition in digital markets: new perspectives on old practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
Andrew Mell ◽  
Gareth Shier
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Industrial Organization ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Digital Ecosystems ◽  
Online Platforms ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
The World ◽  
Ex Ante

Around the world, competition agencies and academics alike have raised concerns that the existing suite of policy tools and economic theory fail to capture all of the harms that can arise in digital markets. At the same time, other academics and practitioners consider that competition policy and industrial organization is unable to account for many of the benefits that online platforms and digital ecosystems can bring. As a range of new interventions – ranging from strengthened ex-post enforcement tools to new ex-ante regulations – are being proposed, we ask which view is right? Are the business practices observed in digital markets and targeted by these reforms so obviously harmful that they are deserving of a return to form-based prohibitions in place of effects-based analysis? Or does this represent an unhelpful regression, based on a misunderstanding of how these new types of markets function?

Knowledge Economy and Corporate Education

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ram M. Vemuri ◽  
B. PanduRanga Narasimharao
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Academic Programs ◽  
Corporate Education ◽  
Future Needs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Catch Up

From the time a technological need is recognized to the time that it takes academia to produce graduates coming out of colleges with those skills already developed takes a long time, and if academia reacts to the needs of the technology then academia will always be playing a catch-up game since technology does not stand still while academia is working on churning out graduates with the requisite skills. This is a key reason why industry and academia should work together to have a vision of where technology is headed and design academic programs that will train the graduates for the future needs of technology. While this chapter has provided some examples where collaboration between universities and industry has lead to development of technology, there are a myriad of others covering various fields and disciplines. In a small chapter like this, it is not possible to cover all of this. With the advent of affordable telecommunication and transportation, the world is a lot smaller today than it was a few decades back. Retaining homegrown talent and nurturing the homegrown talent to contribute towards growing even more talent while attracting talent from across the globe will contribute significantly towards a knowledge economy that will be self-sustaining.

On the strategic use of border tax adjustments as a second-best climate policy measure

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Mason ◽  
Edward B. Barbier ◽  
Victoria I. Umanskaya
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Stock ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Policy Measure ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Second Best ◽  
Border Tax Adjustments ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Border Tax Adjustment

AbstractWe investigate the interaction between a developed country that imports a carbon-intensive product, such as electricity, and a transitioning economy that exports the product. Production of the good generates a transboundary externality related to climate change; if this externality is priced improperly, the application of a feed-in tariff or border tax adjustment can provide an indirect policy instrument. We analyze the application of such a measure in a stark model where the importing country cares about climate-related damages while the exporting country does not; this can be viewed as reflecting a scenario where the (developed) importing country is more concerned about climate change than is the (transitioning) exporting economy. Because climate change will occur over a long time frame, the problem is dynamic. In this modeling context, we describe the manner in which the (second-best) tariff-cum-border tax adjustment relates to the carbon stock.

Economics of Climate Change Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babatunde O. Abidoye
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Adaptation ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adaptation Decision ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Global Agreement ◽  
Short Time

To view climate change adaptation from an economic perspective requires a definition of adaptation, an economic framework in which to view adaptation, and a review of the literature on specific adaptations (especially in agriculture). A focus on tools for applying adaptation to developing countries highlights the difference between mitigation and the adaptation decision-making process. Mitigation decisions take a long-term perspective because carbon dioxide lasts for a very long time in the atmosphere. Adaptation decisions typically last the lifespan of the investments, so the time frame depends on the specific adaptation investment, but it is invariably short compared to mitigation choices, which have implications for centuries. The short time frame means that adaptation decisions are not plagued by the same uncertainty that plagues mitigation choices. Finally, most adaptation decisions are local and private, whereas mitigation is a global public decision. Private adaptation will occur even without large government programs. Public adaptations that require government assistance can mainly be made by existing government agencies. Adaptation does not require a global agreement.

scholarly journals Develop Agricultural Strategies to Increase Soil Carbon Sequestration and Reducing Greenhouse Gases Emission (Desenvolvimento de Estratégias Agrícolas para Aumentar o Sequestro de Carbono e Reduzir Emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1222
Author(s):  
John Kimble
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Time Increase ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Reduce Emissions

O solo é uma dos nossos mais importantes recursos naturais.  Melhor manejo dos nossos solos pode aumentar o carbono orgânico e melhorar o ambiente de modo geral. Mudanças nas práticas agrícolas/florestais podem reduzir as emissões.  Muitas além de reduzir emissões aumentam a matéria orgânica do solo. Essas práticas agrícolas/florestais têm sido estudadas por um longo período de tempo  e vem sendo usadas em muitas áreas no mundo, mas elas não tem sido aceitas ou usadas na extensão necessária. O que é preciso são estratégias que levem a adoção de práticas que resultem em sequestro de carbono orgânico no solo e reduzam a emissão de GEE. Estratégias não são as práticas per se, mas as políticas de incentivo e penalização que as implementam. Devem ser desenvolvidas estratégias que superem as resistências a mudanças nas práticas agrícolas/florestais para aqueles que trabalham na terra. Essas estratégias não podem ser desenvolvidas sem a participação d e fazendeiros e florestais. Elas devem permitir lucratividade como parte da equação e devem ser ambientalmente amigáveis. Palavras - chave: mitigação, mudanças climáticas.  Desenvolvimento de Estratégias Agrícolas para Aumentar o Sequestro de Carbono e Reduzir Emissões de Gases de Efeito Estufa  ABSTRACTSoils are one of our most important resources.  Better management of our soils can increase Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and improve the overall environment.  Changing farming/ forestry practices can reduce emissions.  Many practices will reduce emissions and at the same time increase SOC.  These farming/forestry practices have been studied for a long time and are being used in many areas of the world but they have not been accepted and or used to the necessary extent.  What is needed are strategies that will lead to the adoption of practices that lead to SOC sequestration and a reduction of GHG’s.  Strategies are not the practices per se but the policies and or carrot and sticks that get the known practices on the ground.  Strategies need to be developed that overcome the resistance to changes in farming/forestry practices for the ones doing the work on the ground.  Strategies cannot be developed without input from the farmers/foresters.  These strategies need to allow profitability as part of the equation and they need to be environmentally friendly.Keywords: mitigation, climate change 

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Determinism and Climate Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Jan-Erik Lane
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The Us ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Common ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Rich Countries

<p><em>The global warming problematic is in reality decided not by the UNFCCC or IPCC with its mastodon meetings. The decisive players are the states of the following BIG polluters of CO2: China, India, Indonesia, Brazil, Russia Mexico, South Korea, Canada, Australia and the US, despite the fact that its present government already has defected from the common pool regime, set up in Paris 2017, These countries together with international shipping and aviation are putting out more than 50% of the CO2s. However, they are little interested, because they emphasize the policy-making of socio-economic development, either economic growth with rich countries or the “catch-up” strategy with poor or emerging economies. Resilience will decide which countries can support the consequences of climate change.</em></p>

scholarly journals We need to use the words...

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 5405
Author(s):  
Beverly Pasian
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Basic Term ◽  
Specific Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In The Beginning

Sometimes it’s important to simply say the words … as it is in the beginning of wisdom that is the definition of terms. When historians look at the world of project management, what will they say that we have said about climate change? Certainly more general—but absolutely legitimate—terms such as ‘sustainability’ have been used, but in a basic term search in the 3 oldest project management journals, I was surprised to see only a few dozen uses of ‘climate change’ as a specific term. Theconversation started a long time ago using those words, and PMRP would like to encourage more with this commentary on one of the central topics of this journal … climate change.

Weaving strands of knowledge. Learning about environmental change in the Bhutan Himalayas

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Sameer Honwad ◽  
Andrew D. Coppens ◽  
Greg DeFrancis ◽  
Marcos Stafne ◽  
Shivaraj Shivaraj Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Coordination ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Climate change is a complex phenomenon, so much so that even those with expert knowledge on the scientific data struggle to understand the impacts of climate change on their everyday lives. Contradictions across systems of knowledge make clear that climate change is not just a problem of scientific understanding but is also simultaneously a problem of global coordination as well as a sociopolitical problem of connecting domains of knowledge that are seldom valued equitably. The project described in this paper is a prototype effort to put knowledge from community members in two culturally distinct rural areas of the world at equal footing with scientific knowledge. The overarching project aim was to design partnership-based inquiry into environmental and climate change that coordinated the aforementioned three facets of climate change (a) scientific understanding, (b) cross-cultural coordination among globally dispersed communities, and (c) sociopolitical equity in bringing nondominant perspectives to the table.

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