ANTI-MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS STRAIN H37RV AND IRON CHELATION ACTIVITY OF SAPPAN WOOD EXTRACT (CAESALPINIA SAPPAN L.) IN VITRO

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strain H37Rv and iron chelation activities of sappan wood extract (SWE).Methods: The evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by proportion methods. Whereas the iron chelate in Lowenstein–Jensen (LJ) medium as the indicator of Mycobacterium growth and SWE effect.Results: The SWE has bacteriocidal to MTB of 10−3 and 10−5 dilutions in of all concentrations (250, 500, 750, 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, and 16000 part per millions [ppm]) also bacteriostatic in concentration 50 and 100 ppm.Conclusion: The SWE at 100 ppm could inhibit 87% of the MTB in 10−3 and 10−5 dilutions, respectively, also to reduce to growth the colony of MTB, and has chelating effects of iron expression of LJ medium and MTB.

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Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Mengkudu (Morindra citrifolia Linn) dan Scopoletin secara In-Vitro terhadap Bakteri Tuberkulosis

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product ◽

10.35473/ijpnp.v2i1.192 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Estu Mahanani Dhilasari ◽

Idha Kusumawati Kusumawati ◽

Riesta Primaharinastiti Primaharinastiti

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Morinda Citrifolia ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Tuberculosis Activity ◽

Strain H37rv ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strain

Penyakit tuberkulosis disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Secara tradisional mengkudu digunakan untuk pengobatan tuberkulosis. Scopoletin merupakan komponen utama dalam mengkudu, oleh karena itu scopoletin sering dijadikan marker dalam studi farmakokinetik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RV) ekstrak daun mengkudu dan scopoletin melalui penentuan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM). Uji aktivitas antibakteri dan penentuan KHM dari ekstrak etanol 50% daun mengkudu dilakukan dengan metode dilusi agar dengan konsentrasi 1,0×10-4 µg/ml – 5,1×10-11 µg/ml. Uji aktivitas menunjukan bahwa ekstrak etanol 50% daun mengkudu dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Mycobacterium tuberculosis dengan KHM 4,0×10-6 µg/ml. Sedangkan scopoletin dengan konsentrasi yang setara dengan kandungan pada ekstrak tidak menunjukan aktivitas anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosisnya.Kata kunci: Mengkudu, Scopoletin, tuberkulosisTuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Morinda citrifolia Linn has been found to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Scopoletin is a major component in Morinda citrifolia Linn, therefore scopoletin often used as markers in studies of pharmacokinetic. This research purpose to determine anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain H37RV) activity based on the value of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) used to ethanolic extracts from Morinda citrifolia Linn leaf and scopoletin. Experiment of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activities tested by well dillution methods with a dose 1,0×10-4 µg/ml – 5,1×10-11 µg/ml . The results showed that ethanolic extract Morinda citrifolia Linn leaf were found to be active to Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity with MIC 4×10-6 µg/ml while scopoletin at the same concentration with extract had no anti- Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity.Keywords: Noni, scopoletin, tuberculosis

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The in vitro efficacy of neutral electrolysed water and povidone-iodine against CRS-associated biofilms

Rhinology Journal ◽

10.4193/rhin21.301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

C.A. Lux ◽

K. Biswas ◽

M.W. Taylor ◽

R.G. Douglas

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Povidone Iodine ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Antimicrobial Treatment ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Bacterial Biofilms ◽

Antibiofilm Activity

Background: Despite best medical and surgical practice, some cases of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) can remain recalcitrant. Bacterial biofilms have been associated with the recalcitrance of sinonasal inflammation. Biofilms are highly resistant to commonly prescribed antibiotics. Accordingly, more effective antimicrobial treatment options are needed to treat refractory CRS. The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro efficacy of neutral electrolysed water (NEW) and povidone-iodine (PVI) against CRS-associated Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Methods: Mature S. aureus biofilms were grown in a Centre for Disease Control (CDC) biofilm reactor. The antimicrobial activity of NEW, PVI and doxycycline was determined for both planktonic and biofilm cultures of a clinical S. aureus isolate using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assays. Results: MICs and MBCs were determined for all antimicrobials. MBC values were similar to MICs for both antiseptics, but doxycycline MBCs were significantly higher than the associated MICs. Biofilms were highly resistant to NEW and doxycycline. The MBEC for doxycycline was between 500 and 1000 µg/mL. NEW was ineffective against biofilms and no MBEC could be determined. In contrast, a concentration of 10% of the commercial PVI solution (10 mg/mL PVI) led to effective eradication of mature biofilms. Conclusion: In this study, only PVI showed promising antibiofilm activity at physiological concentrations. The in vivo efficacy of PVI warrants further investigation of its potential as a treatment for recalcitrant CRS.

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THE EFFECT OF PROPOLIS EXTRACT AND PROPOLIS CANDIES ON THE GROWTH OF AGGREGATIBACTER ACTINOMYCETEMCOMITANS ATCC 43718

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s5.23086 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (17) ◽

pp. 26

Author(s):

Khodijah Khodijah ◽

Ratna Farida ◽

Nurtami Soedarsono

Keyword(s):

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Aggregatibacter Actinomycetemcomitans ◽

Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽

Propolis Extract ◽

Post Exposure ◽

Colony Forming Units

Objective: This experiment aimed to analyze the effect of propolis extract and propolis containing candies on the growth of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans using spectrophotometric analysis and colony-forming units (CFU) counts.Methods: After A. actinomycetemcomitans were exposed to propolis extract and candies, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined with spectrophotometry and post-exposure colony counting.Results: The MIC of propolis extract against A. actinomycetemcomitans was determined to be 10%, and the MBC was 20%. A decrease in the total CFU count of A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed after propolis extract and candy exposure.Conclusions: Propolis extract and propolis candies were effective in inhibiting the growth of A. actinomycetemcomitans ATCC 43718 in vitro.

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF PAPACARIE AND PAPAIN ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS IN VITRO

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019.v11s1.ar186 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 79-83

Author(s):

TITTY SULIANTI ◽

NILAKESUMA DJAUHARI ◽

BAMBANG NURSASONGKO

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Antimicrobial Effects ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Group Control ◽

Caries Removal ◽

And Diffusion ◽

Better Than

Objective: The aim is to compare the antimicrobial effects of papain and Papacarie with dilution and diffusion tests.Methods: There were two treatment groups and one Group control. The treatment group received papain and Papacarie, and the control groupreceived chlorhexidine, in five liquids with different concentrations of 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.125%, 0.0625%, and 0.03%. The dilution and diffusion testswere used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and zone of inhibition for eachtreatment material.Results: MICs of papain and Papacarie were 12.5%, indicating that at a concentration of 12.5%, the material can inhibit the growth of Streptococcusmutans. Papain does not have an MBC value but the Papacarie has an MBC at 25%, which indicating that at a concentration of 25%, Papacarie hasbactericidal effects on S. mutans. The zone of inhibition of papain was lower than Papacarie.Conclusion: Based on chemomechanical caries removal materials, the antimicrobial effects of Papacarie were better than those of papain.

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EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF BIOFILM FORMS OF AVIAN SALMONELLA GALLINARUM TO FLUOROQUINOLONES

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22270/ujpr.v3i4.175 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kumar Kamashi ◽

Mr. Honnegowda ◽

Mayanna Asha ◽

Chandrakala Ms.

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Bacterial Biofilms ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Antibacterial Resistance ◽

Salmonella Gallinarum ◽

Broth Dilution

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern worldwide. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics for a period of time has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria. The present study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of fluoroquinolone drugs, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sparfloxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin and ofloxacin against avian Salmonella gallinarum bacterial biofilms. The study parameters, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and biofilm elimination concentration (BEC) were determined on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 post inoculation for the planktonic (free) and biofilm cells of S. gallinarum by macro broth dilution method. The MIC and MBC values determined on days 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 20 for each of the fluoroquinolone drugs against the planktonic and biofilm forms of avian S. gallinarum were found to be non-significant. BEC values determined against the biofilm forms of S. gallinarum during the study period were found to be non-significant among the tested fluoroquinolones. The results of the present study demonstrated that fluoroquinolone drugs were effective in vitro against both the planktonic and biofilm forms of avian S. gallinarum.

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Correlates between Models of Virulence for Mycobacterium tuberculosis among Isolates of the Central Asian Lineage: a Case for Lysozyme Resistance Testing?

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.03080-14 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 2213-2223 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Claire Pardieu ◽

Nicola Casali ◽

Simon O. Clark ◽

Richard Hooper ◽

Ann Williams ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Resistance Testing ◽

Snp Analysis ◽

Single Nucleotide ◽

Content Type ◽

Differential Outcomes ◽

Central Asian ◽

Strain H37rv

Virulence factors (VFs) contribute to the emergence of new humanMycobacterium tuberculosisstrains, are lineage dependent, and are relevant to the development ofM. tuberculosisdrugs/vaccines. VFs were sought withinM. tuberculosislineage 3, which has the Central Asian (CAS) spoligotype. Three isolates were selected from clusters previously identified as dominant in London, United Kingdom. Strain-associated virulence was studied in guinea pig, monocyte-derived macrophage, and lysozyme resistance assays. Whole-genome sequencing, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and a literature review contributed to the identification of SNPs of interest. The animal model revealed borderline differences in strain-associated pathogenicity.Ex vivo, isolate C72 exhibited statistically significant differences in intracellular growth relative to C6 and C14. SNP candidates inducing lower fitness levels included 123 unique nonsynonymous SNPs, including three located in genes (lysX,caeA, andponA2) previously identified as VFs in the laboratory-adapted reference strain H37Rv and shown to confer lysozyme resistance. C72 growth was most affected by lysozymein vitro. A BLAST search revealed that all three SNPs of interest (C35F, P76Q, and P780R) also occurred in Tiruvallur, India, and in Uganda. Unlike C72, however, no single isolate identified through BLAST carried all three SNPs simultaneously. CAS isolates representative of three medium-sized human clusters demonstrated differential outcomes in models commonly used to estimate strain-associated virulence, supporting the idea that virulence varies within, not just across,M. tuberculosislineages. Three VF SNPs of interest were identified in two additional locations worldwide, which suggested independent selection and supported a role for these SNPs in virulence. The relevance of lysozyme resistance to strain virulence remains to be established.

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Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Some Potential Bioactive Imidazolium-Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23071727 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 1727 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ahmed Albalawi ◽

Wael El-Sayed ◽

Ateyatallah Aljuhani ◽

Saud Almutairi ◽

Nadjet Rezki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquids ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

Alkyl Chain ◽

Phenyl Group ◽

Room Temperature Ionic Liquids ◽

Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽

Conventional Procedure

An environmentally-friendly and easy synthesis of a series of novel functionalized imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) is described under both the conventional procedure and microwave irradiation. The structures of newly synthesized room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were established by different spectral analyses. All ILs (1–14) were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of clinically isolated bacteria. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed that some of the tested ILs are very promising anti-bacterial agents especially those containing an alkyl chain with a phenyl group (most notably 1, 2, 12, and 13).

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Antibacterial and Hemolytic Activity of Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus Venom

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10020281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 281

Author(s):

Adrian Zaragoza-Bastida ◽

Saudy Consepcion Flores-Aguilar ◽

Liliana Mireya Aguilar-Castro ◽

Ana Lizet Morales-Ubaldo ◽

Benjamín Valladares-Carranza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Hemolytic Activity ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Minimum Bactericidal Concentration ◽

The Other ◽

Medical Treatments ◽

First Time

Rattlesnakes have venoms with a complex toxin mixture comprised of polypeptides and proteins. Previous studies have shown that some of these polypeptides are of high value for the development of new medical treatments. The aim of the present study is to evaluate, in vitro, the antibacterial and hemolytic activity of Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venoms. A direct field search was conducted to obtain Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venom samples. These were evaluated to determine their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa through the techniques of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Hemolytic activity was also determined. Antibacterial activity was determined for treatments (Crotalus triseriatus 2) CT2 and (Crotalus ravus 3) CR3, obtaining a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of 50 µg/mL and a Minimum Bactericidal Concentration of 100 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. CT1 (Crotalus triseriatus 1), CT2, and CR3 presented hemolytic activity; on the other hand, Crotalus ravus 4 (CR4) did not show hemolytic activity. The results of the present study indicate for the first time that Crotalus triseriatus and Crotalus ravus venoms contain some bioactive compounds with bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa which could be used as alternative treatment in diseases caused by this pathogenic bacterium.

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Brassicasterol with Dual Anti-Infective Properties against HSV-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Cardiovascular Protective Effect: Nonclinical In Vitro and In Silico Assessments

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8050132 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Sherif T. S. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Molecular Targets ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Selectivity Index ◽

Cell Wall Biosynthesis ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

While few studies have revealed the biological properties of brassicasterol, a phytosterol, against some biological and molecular targets, it is believed that there are still many activities yet to be studied. In this work, brassicasterol exerts a therapeutic utility in an in vitro setting against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) as well as a considerable inhibitory property against human angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that plays a dynamic role in regulating blood pressure. The antireplicative effect of brassicasterol against HSV-1 is remarkably detected (50% inhibitory concentration (IC50): 1.2 µM; selectivity index (SI): 41.7), while the potency of its effect is ameliorated through the combination with standard acyclovir with proper SI (IC50: 0.7 µM; SI: 71.4). Moreover, the capacity of this compound to induce an adequate level of antituberculosis activity against all Mtb strains examined (minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 1.9 to 2.4 µM) is revealed. The anti-ACE effect (12.3 µg/mL; 91.2% inhibition) is also ascertained. Molecular docking analyses propose that the mechanisms by which brassicasterol induces anti-HSV-1 and anti-Mtb might be related to inhibiting vital enzymes involved in HSV-1 replication and Mtb cell wall biosynthesis. In summary, the obtained results suggest that brassicasterol might be promising for future anti-HSV-1, antituberculosis, and anti-ACE drug design.

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In VitroCombination Studies of Benzothiazinone Lead Compound BTZ043 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01476-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 5790-5793 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Benoit Lechartier ◽

Ruben C. Hartkoorn ◽

Stewart T. Cole

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Bactericidal Effect ◽

Lead Compound ◽

Content Type ◽

Drug Candidates ◽

New Class ◽

Novel Targets ◽

Essential Enzyme ◽

Strain H37rv

ABSTRACTBenzothiazinones (BTZ) are a new class of drug candidates to combat tuberculosis that inhibit decaprenyl-phosphoribose epimerase (DprE1), an essential enzyme involved in arabinan biosynthesis. Using the checkerboard method and cell viability assays, we have studied the interaction profiles of BTZ043, the current lead compound, with several antituberculosis drugs or drug candidates againstMycobacterium tuberculosisstrain H37Rv, namely, rifampin, isoniazid, ethambutol, TMC207, PA-824, moxifloxacin, meropenem with or without clavulanate, and SQ-109. No antagonism was found between BTZ043 and the tested compounds, and most of the interactions were purely additive. Data from two different approaches clearly indicate that BTZ043 acts synergistically with TMC207, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.5. TMC207 at a quarter of the MIC (20 ng/ml) used in combination with BTZ043 (1/4 MIC, 0.375 ng/ml) had a stronger bactericidal effect onM. tuberculosisthan TMC207 alone at a concentration of 80 ng/ml. This synergy was not observed when the combination was tested on a BTZ-resistantM. tuberculosismutant, suggesting that DprE1 inhibition is the basis for the interaction. This finding excludes the possibility of synergy occurring through an off-target mechanism. We therefore hypothesize that sub-MICs of BTZ043 weaken the bacterial cell wall and allow improved penetration of TMC207 to its target. Synergy between two new antimycobacterial compounds, such as TMC207 and BTZ043, with novel targets, offers an attractive foundation for a new tuberculosis regimen.

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