scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CONSERVATION METHOD (FREEZING AND DRYING) ON COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN ROSACEAE FRUITS (CRUDE HERBAL DRUGS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna Sergunova ◽  
Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Conservation Method

Objective: Now, five crude herbal drugs (CHD) of fruit morphological group (fruits) related to Rosaceae family included in the Russian State Pharmacopoeia XI and XIII editions: Fructus Rosae (Rosa cinnamomea L. and other species), Fructus Crataegi (Crataegus sanguinea Pall. and other species), Fructus Sorbi (Sorbus aucuparia L.), Fructus Rubi (Rubus idaeus L.), and Fructus Aroniae (Aronia melanocarpa [Michx.] Elliott).The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of freezing and oven drying on the composition and content of individual groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in Rosaceae fruits.Methods: The groups of BAS were investigated by UV spectrophotometry (flavonoids and anthocyanins), galvanostatic coulometry titration (organic acids), gravimetry (polysaccharides), and titration with potassium permanganate (tannins).Results: The relation between content of BAS (total free organic acids, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total tannins, and total polysaccharides) and fruits conservation method was determined. In frozen fruits total polysaccharides, total free organic acids, ascorbic acid content decreases by 5–7%, total flavonoids and total tannins content - 10–15%, total anthocyanins content - 25–30%. Fruits oven drying at 60–80°C leads to more significant losses of total anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and total free organic acids.Conclusion: The study of BAS stability in frozen and dried fruits was lasting for 12 months. The duration of shelf life for frozen fruits is recommended. Freezing as a conservation method allows to preserve more BAS in Rosaceae fruits. Frozen CHD can be proposed as an alternative to fresh and dried СРВ for the preparation of allopathic and homeopathic medicines.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CONSERVATION METHOD (FREEZING AND DRYING) ON COMPOSITION AND CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN ROSACEAE FRUITS (CRUDE HERBAL DRUGS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vyacheslavovna Sergunova ◽  
Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Oven Drying ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Conservation Method

Objective: Now, five crude herbal drugs (CHD) of fruit morphological group (fruits) related to Rosaceae family included in the Russian State Pharmacopoeia XI and XIII editions: Fructus Rosae (Rosa cinnamomea L. and other species), Fructus Crataegi (Crataegus sanguinea Pall. and other species), Fructus Sorbi (Sorbus aucuparia L.), Fructus Rubi (Rubus idaeus L.), and Fructus Aroniae (Aronia melanocarpa [Michx.] Elliott).The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of freezing and oven drying on the composition and content of individual groups of biologically active substances (BAS) in Rosaceae fruits.Methods: The groups of BAS were investigated by UV spectrophotometry (flavonoids and anthocyanins), galvanostatic coulometry titration (organic acids), gravimetry (polysaccharides), and titration with potassium permanganate (tannins).Results: The relation between content of BAS (total free organic acids, total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, total tannins, and total polysaccharides) and fruits conservation method was determined. In frozen fruits total polysaccharides, total free organic acids, ascorbic acid content decreases by 5–7%, total flavonoids and total tannins content - 10–15%, total anthocyanins content - 25–30%. Fruits oven drying at 60–80°C leads to more significant losses of total anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and total free organic acids.Conclusion: The study of BAS stability in frozen and dried fruits was lasting for 12 months. The duration of shelf life for frozen fruits is recommended. Freezing as a conservation method allows to preserve more BAS in Rosaceae fruits. Frozen CHD can be proposed as an alternative to fresh and dried СРВ for the preparation of allopathic and homeopathic medicines.

scholarly journals Phytochemical analysis of generative bodies and leaves in Acer negundo and A. platanoides

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-148
Author(s):  
Алла Георгиевна Куклина ◽  
Наталья Степановна Цыбулько
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
Promising Source ◽  
Active Substances

Проведен фитохимический анализ цветков, плодов и листьев по содержанию биологически активных веществ на двух видах клена: инвазионном Acer negundo L. и аборигенном A. platanoides L. (Sapindaceae Juss). У 40 образцов, собранных в 5 популяциях Московского региона, найдены сумма флавоноидов, содержание аскорбиновой кислоты и суммы органических кислот по стандартным методикам Государственной фармакопеи РФ. В данном исследовании впервые обнаружено, что максимальное накопление флавоноидов (1,75-1,94 мг%) фиксируется в мужских цветках A. negundo. Содержание витамина С в цветках (до 53 мг%), плодах и листьях A. negundo на 25-30 % больше, чем в аналогичных органах у A. platanoides. По мере созревания плодов содержание флавоноидов, аскорбиновой кислоты и органических кислот (до 8 %) у инвазионного и аборигенного видов клена снижается почти в 1,5 раза. Листья мужских и женских особей A. negundo по насыщенности флавоноидами, витамином С и органическими кислотами не отличаются. Выявлено, что цветки A. negundo и A. platanoides, являются наиболее перспективным источником биологически активных веществ - флавоноидов, включая катехины, антоцианы, лейкоантоцианы и флавонолы, а также аскорбиновой кислоты. Сбор растительного сырья рекомендуется проводить в экологически чистых фитоценозах, поскольку известно о способности растений A. negundo аккумулировать из почвы и воздуха тяжелые металлы. A phytochemical analysis of flowers, fruits, and leaves revealing the biologically active substances in two types of maple: invasive Acer negundo L. and native A. platanoides L. (Sapindaceae Juss) was carried out. In 40 samples collected in 5 populations of the Moscow Region, a sum of flavonoids, the presence of ascorbic acid, and organic acids were found according to the standard methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. We discovered for the first time that the maximum accumulation of flavonoids (1.75-1.94 mg%) is in male flowers of A. negundo. The content of vitamin C in flowers (up to 53 mg%), fruits, and leaves of A. negundo is 25-30% higher than in similar organs in A. platanoides. As the fruit ripens, the content of flavonoids, vitamin C, and organic acids (up to 8%) in invasive and native species of maple decreases by almost 1.5 times. The leaves of male and female trees of A. negundo do not differ in saturation with flavonoids, vitamin C, and organic acids. Flowers of A. negundo and A. platanoides are the most promising source of biologically active substances - flavonoids, including catechins, anthocyanins, leukoanthocyanins, and flavonols, as well as ascorbic acid. The collection of plant substances is recommended in ecologically clean phytocenoses since A. negundo can accumulate heavy metals from soil and air.

scholarly journals THE CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND HEAVY METALS IN THE APPLES OF A RETAIL CHAIN IN THE LIPETSK REGION DEPENDING ON THE APPLE TREES VARIETIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (32) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav L ZAKHAROV ◽  
Tatjana V ZUBKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Retail Chain ◽  
Apple Varieties ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Apple Fruits

The relevance is based on the need to study the amount of biologically active substances and trace nutrients in apple varieties sold in the retail chain of the Lipetsk region. The purpose is to analyze the content of biologically active substances and trace nutrients of all apple varieties sold in the retail chain of the Lipetsk region. The article is the first to establish a close relationship between the term of apples ripening and the content of flavonols, pectic substances, anthocyanins, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Co in them. At the same time, the authors established a close correlation between the content of Fe and Zn in fruits (r = 0.8). Arbitration, titrimetric, photometric, iodometric, weight calcium-pectate, atomic-adsorption, ionometric, and correlation analysis methods were used to solve the tasks. In the Lipetsk region retail chain, the authors identified varieties of apples with the most significant mass of fruit and content of ascorbic acid, organic acids, dry substances, anthocyanins, flavonols, catechins, pectins, tanning and coloring substances, including tannin, carotenoids, including β- carotene, as well as mineral elements: Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Co. The authors also determined the content of heavy metals in apples relative to the maximum allowable concentration (MAC). Autumn varieties contain the highest amount of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, carotene, tanning substances and coloring substances, and tannin. Winter varieties contain the least catechins, tanning, and coloring substances. The content of pectic substances, anthocyanins, and flavonols, reaches its maximum in winter varieties fruits. The content of flavonols most strongly varies, and the least - pH and content of organic acids of all the biologically active substances in apple fruits. Iron content increases with the increase in zinc content. The content of mineral elements in the summer varieties is the lowest. The content of mineral elements and flavonols in apple fruits increases with the transition from summer varieties to autumn, and then to winter. The content of iron varies the most, and least of all - cadmium of the mineral elements in fruits. The content of all mineral elements varies most strongly in winter apple varieties.

scholarly journals Flowers of Campanula species as a source of biologically active substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00033
Author(s):  
Tatiana Fomina ◽  
Tatiana Kukushkina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Active Substances

The content of the major groups of biologically active substances in flowers of 7 Campanula species, cultivated in the forest-steppe of Western Siberia, were investigated for the first time. Freshly collected flowers were found to contain 0.06-0.15 % of catechins, 0.31-3.17 % of flavonols, 3.31-6.47 % of tannins, 3.10-15.57 % of pectic substances, and 0.66-16.4 mg% of carotenoids calculated per absolute dre weight of raw material. The amount of ascorbic acid was 36.9-114.0 mg% per wet weight. The data indicate that Campanula flowers are promising for the production of phenolic compounds, the development of food additives and fresh consumptions a seasoning.

scholarly journals Application of the Agrimonia eupatoria L. Extract for the Kvases Production

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Yuliya Miller ◽  
Olga Golub ◽  
Karina Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Active Substances

The article concerns the research of the herb Common Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) use in the kvass manufacture, because the plant has a high content of flavoring and biologically active substances (flavonoids, tannins, arbutin, etc.). Researchers used standard, adopted in the brewing and soft drinks industry test methods and methods of processing obtained results. To produce kvass with the best quality characteristics, a man has to use Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract. In order to obtain this extract with the maximum amount of flavoring and biologically active substances (polyphenolic substances, ascorbic acid) a man must macerate 3-5 mm cut grass using purified water as a solvent in a ratio of 1:10 at a temperature of 40 ± 3 °C for 5-6 hours. Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract is an opaque brown liquid with a weak greenish tint, weakly expressed sweet-apricot aroma and taste; the mass fraction of dry substances is 3.0 ± 0.1 %; acidity – 2.5 ± 0.2 units; the content of polyphenolic substances is not less than 13.5 mg / 100 cm3; the content of ascorbic acid – not less than 4.5 mg / 100 cm3 . The authors developed kvass technology, including the preparation of kvass wort and Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract separately, its blending, fermentation, cooling, clarification and bottling. Based on the organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters obtained during the study, the researchers recommended the optimal ratio of kvass wort and Agrimonia eupatoria L.: 90:10 – 80:20. They developed regulated quality indicators of the new kvass: appearance – a transparent foaming liquid with opalescence, without foreign inclusions; color – brown with greenish tones; aroma and taste – refreshing, sweet and sour, bread, with light tones of Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract. The use of an aqueous extract from the herb Agrimonia eupatoria L. in the kvass production enables to get products with original organoleptic characteristics

scholarly journals The influence of antioxidant postharvest treatment on content of biologically active substances during storage of cucumbers

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Priss ◽  
V. Yevlash ◽  
V. Zhukova ◽  
I. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Ascorbate Oxidase ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Active Substances

The influence of heat treatment with antioxidant compositions on the content of biologically active substances during storage of cucumbers is investigated. It was found that the use of the proposed treatment inhibits the activity of ascorbate oxidase by 15–18%, which allows to slow down the decomposition of ascorbic acid by 1.5 times. The content of ascorbic acid in the experimental fruit after storage for 28 days is 1.4 times higher than in the control after 21 days of storage. It was found that in the cucumbers 11–14 sm long, the synthesis of polyphenols continued in the period of storage.  The intensity of accumulation of phenolic substances proved to be different in the treated and control groups. It was shown that thermal treatment with antioxidants slowed the growth rate of total polyphenols by 20% relative to control, indicating inhibition of maturation processes. It was revealed that the activity o polyphenol oxidase during the storage of treated fruits was slowing down. It has been established that the application of said treatment substantially inhibits the degradation of chlorophylls. Rapid loss of chlorophyll caused yellowing and loss of consumer properties in the control groups after 2 weeks of storage. In processed cucumbers only 21 days of storage revealed a decrease in the concentration of chlorophyll in relation to the moment of laying. At day 28 the amount of chlorophylls in the experimental fruit is at the same level as in the control after a week of storage. It has been found that the use of the proposed treatment slows the degradation of carotenoids. The quantity of carotenoids in experimental cucumbers at the end of storage is 21–23% higher than in the control ones. The compensatory function of ascorbic acid, carotenoids and phenolic substances during storage of cucumber fruits is proved.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF TECHNOGENIC POLLUTION ON THE CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN MEDICINAL PLANTS

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 525-530
Author(s):  
N.A. Vinogradova ◽  
◽  
A.Z. Glukhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Technogenic Pollution ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Cotinus Coggygria ◽  
Active Substances

The article presents the results of determining the content of flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins and ascorbic acid in the leaves of Cotinus coggygria Scop, growing under conditions of varying degrees of technogenic pollution. The conformity of the leaves of C. coggygria, collected in the Donetsk region, to the requirements of regulatory documentation for the content of active substances was evaluated. The content of cadmium and lead in the plant materials was determined; its environmental safety was evaluated.

scholarly journals VARIABILITY OF BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF AMARANTH PLANTS DURING CULTIVATION TO OBTAIN THE NATURAL FOOD COLORANT WITH A HIGH CONTENT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
M. S. Gins ◽  
V. K. Gins ◽  
A. A. Baikov ◽  
M. M. Tareeva ◽  
S. Yu. Platonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Active Substances

Amaranth leaves can be used in salads, soups, sauces enriching them with biologically active substances (in particular, ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds), as well as giving them an original taste and color. Plants were grown on the experimental field of VNIISSOK in the Moscow region. The experiment was laid on sod-podzolic soil. For the period of 2013-2016 years, biochemical parameters were investigated: total content of water-soluble antioxidants, ascorbic acid content, dry matter content, amarantine content in three amaranth varieties (Valentina, Don Pedro and Fakel) and two green leaf varieties (Pamyati Kovasa and Eku 17020) of FSBSI FSVC (formerly VNIISSOK) and INIAP selection and a correlation analysis was performed, which showed a relationship between the relative concentration of amarantine in the leaves and other biochemical parameters at different stages of plant development. The maximum accumulators of antioxidants according to the TAC parameter were the Valentina and Don Pedro varieties - up to 2.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/g. The situation was similar in terms of the content of the reduced form of ascorbic acid. So also the Valentina and Don Pedro varieties were leading with values of about 140 mg%. A positive correlation between the content of ascorbic acid and the sum of hydrophilic antioxidants was confirmed. Pamyati Kovasa and Eku 17020 varieties can be recommended as a source of green mass of leaves with a high content of ascorbic acid, red colored varieties Don Pedro, Valentina, Fakel – for obtaining red dye enriched with antioxidants.

scholarly journals Вміст біологічно-активних речовин у різних видів роду Verbascum L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (77) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
M.R. Hrytsyna
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
First Year ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Plant Organs ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Active Substances

In the article are described results of exploration`s biologically active substances in species of plant organs of genus Verbascum L, from the family of Scrophulariaceae L: V. thapsiforme Schrad., V. phlomoides L., V. lychnitis L, V. nigrum L., V. blattaria L., V. phoeniceum L. The exploration of biologically active substances in species of plant organs was conducted by N.I. Hrynkevych`s method. Including all explorations, was established that all species of sort accumulated at underground and above-ground organs biologically – active substances such as: alkaloids, coumarin, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and carbohydrates, ascorbic acid. It was established that some attachment of BAR content depends on systematic position of the species. What concerns alkaloids` rosette leaves of woolly species like V. thapsiforme and V. phlomoides from subsection Heterandrа and V. lychnitis have another subsection Isandra have much more alkaloids than the other species. In less woolly, purple colored species – V. nigrum, V. blattaria and V. phoeniceum only found their traces. A large number of saponins are found in all organs of V. thapsiforme. Slightly lower content in these substances is in close species of V. phlomoides from the subsection Heterandra. Other species, which are not used in medicine, also accumulate saponins. Thus, V. lychnitis from subsection of Isandra in roots and rosette leaves in huge amount. Slightly low amount is in stem leaves and petals, alike all organs of V. nigrum and in large number. A large number of saponins is found in V. blattaria and V. phoeniceum from another section of Singuliflora. In explored species are found tannins, especially in great amount in V. lychnitis V. nigrum and V. phlomoides. Flavonoids accumulate in all organs of explored species, and in V. nigrum, V. blattaria, V. phoeniceum, which have purple colored flower elements – in huge amount in petals. Coumarins in huge variety accumulate in rosette shoot leaves and roots at first year of life than in a stem leaves and flower petals. Their content is less in the aerial part of V. blattaria, petals V. phoeniceum from Singuliflora section. Synthesized in large quantities in all carbohydrates, which is in great amount at its roots. The highest number of ascorbic acid contained in the petals of flowers V. lychnitis and V. nigrum, when in other organs they are in small number. On the contrary, in V. blattaria, V. thapsiforme and V. phlomoides rosette of leaves, carbohydrates is in a very large number, and petals in very little.

scholarly journals The content of biologically active substances in the green biomass of perennial onions (Allium L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Kukushkina ◽  
Tat'yana Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the content of the main groups of biologically active substances in the green mass of 8 species of perennial onions (Allium L.) during flowering. Methods. The freshly collected raw materials – leaves and flower scapes in A. altaicum Pall., A. flavum L., A. nutans L., A. obliquum L., A. ramosum L., A. schoenoprasum L., A. senescens L. var. glaucum Regel and A. strictum Schrader were analyzed. We used the generally accepted methods of phytochemical analysis. The dry matter content was determined by drying 1 g of raw materials at 100–105 °C to constant weight. The amount of phenolic compounds, pectin substances, total sugars, and carotenoids was determined spectrophotometrically. The amount of ascorbic acid was determined by the titrimetric method. All biochemical indicators, except for ascorbic acid, were calculated on the absolutely dry weight. Results. It has been established that the green mass of onions during flowering phase contains: dry matter – up to 28.3 %, flavonols – up to 1.8 %, tannins – up to 6.3 %, pectin substances – up to 14.7 %, total sugars – up to 42.9 %, ascorbic acid – up to 105.4 mg %, and carotenoids – up to 43.8 mg %. The content of catechins is 0.05–0.19 %. A. flavum and A. obliquum have the highest contents of main groups of biologically active substances, and the relatively low indicators are in A. ramosum and A. senescens var. glaucum. Scientific novelty. The quantitative content of catechins, tannins, pectin substances and carotenoids was studied in the onion species for the first time. The findings testify to the prospects of perennial onions as a source of various bioactive compounds.

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