scholarly journals A STUDY OF SEVERITY OF STROKE AND HOMOCYSTEINE LEVEL IN SOUTHERN PART OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
VINOD KUMAR MEHTA ◽  
ABHIJIT BASU ◽  
PRAHARSH H PATHAK ◽  
AYUSHI JAIN ◽  
NEHA SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Indian Men ◽  
Serum Storage ◽  
Control Study

Objective: Till date, a very few prospective studies have examined the association between serum homocysteine levels and the risk of stroke and stroke subtypes in Indian populations. Methods: A prospective, case - control study of Indian subjects 10–90 years of age was conducted using frozen serum samples from 103 participants in cardiovascular risk surveys collected from December 2017 to November 2018. By the end of 103, we identified 55 incidents of severe strokes, one control subject per case was selected by matching for sex, age, community, year of serum storage, and fasting status. Serum total homocysteine levels were measured by Cobas c-311. Results: Compared with control subjects, total (n_206), hemorrhagic (n_106), and ischemic (n_87) strokes had higher geometric mean values of total homocysteine and higher proportions of homocysteine −25.0 μ mol/L. Homocysteine was estimated after adjustment for body mass index, smoking, alcohol intake, hypertension, and other cardiovascular risk factors. The excess risk of total and ischemic strokes did not vary significantly according to sex, age, smoking status, or hypertensive status. Conclusion: High total homocysteine concentrations were associated with the increased risk of total stroke, more specifically ischemic stroke) Capsuloganglionic and frontoparietal infarct (8 each)., among Indian men and women.

Cigarette smoking and risk of intracranial aneurysms in middle-aged women

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (9) ◽  
pp. 985-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher S Ogilvy ◽  
Santiago Gomez-Paz ◽  
Kimberly P Kicielinski ◽  
Mohamed M Salem ◽  
Yosuke Akamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Status ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Single Centre Study ◽  
Chronic Headaches ◽  
Control Study

Background and purposeWe previously reported a single-centre study demonstrating that smoking confers a six-fold increased risk for having an unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA) in women aged between 30 and 60 years and this risk was higher if the patient had chronic hypertension. There are no data with greater generalisability evaluating this association. We aimed to validate our previous findings in women from a multicentre study.MethodsA multicentre case-control study on women aged between 30 and 60 years, that had magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) during the period 2016–2018. Cases were those with an incidental UIA, and these were matched to controls based on age and ethnicity. A multivariable conditional logistic regression was conducted to evaluate smoking status and hypertension differences between cases and controls.ResultsFrom 545 eligible patients, 113 aneurysm patients were matched to 113 controls. The most common reason for imaging was due to chronic headaches in 62.5% of cases and 44.3% of controls. A positive smoking history was encountered in 57.5% of cases and in 37.2% of controls. A multivariable analysis demonstrated a significant association between positive smoking history (OR 3.7, 95%CI 1.61 to 8.50), hypertension (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.17 to 8.52) and both factors combined with a diagnosis of an incidental UIA (OR 6.9, 95% CI 2.49 to 19.24).ConclusionsWomen aged between 30 and 60 years with a positive smoking history have a four-fold increased risk for having an UIA, and a seven-fold increased risk if they have underlying chronic hypertension. These findings indicate that women aged between 30 and 60 years with a positive smoking history might benefit from a screening recommendation.

Severe Periodontitis Is Associated with Myocardial Infarction in Females

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1114-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Nordendahl ◽  
A. Gustafsson ◽  
A. Norhammar ◽  
P. Näsman ◽  
L. Rydén ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Control Study

The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that there is a sex difference in the association between periodontitis (PD) and a first myocardial infarction (MI). The analysis in the case-control study was based on 785 patients (147 females and 638 males) with a first MI and 792 matched controls (147 females and 645 males), screened for cardiovascular risk factors and subjected to a panoramic dental X-ray. Periodontal status was defined by alveolar bone loss and diagnosed as no PD (≥80% remaining alveolar bone), mild to moderate PD (66% to 79%), or severe PD (<66%). Logistic regression was used when analyzing PD as a risk factor for MI, adjusting for age, smoking, diabetes, education, and marital status. The mean age was 64 ± 7 y for females and 62 ± 8 y for males. Severe PD was more common in female patients than female controls (14 vs. 4%, P = 0.005), with an increased risk for severe PD among female patients with a first MI (odds ratio [OR] = 3.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.53 to 10.00, P = 0.005), which remained (OR = 3.72, 95% CI = 1.24 to 11.16, P = 0.005) after adjustments. Male patients had more severe PD (7% vs. 4%; P = 0.005) than male controls and an increased risk for severe PD (OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.14 to 3.11, P = 0.005), but this association did not remain following adjustment (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 0.97 to 2.84, NS). Severe PD was associated with MI in both females and males. After adjustments for relevant confounders, this association did, however, remain only in females. These data underline the importance of considering poor dental health when evaluating cardiovascular risk, especially in females.

scholarly journals Predictors of Change in Plasma Total Cysteine: Longitudinal Findings from the Hordaland Homocysteine Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina El-Khairy ◽  
Stein E Vollset ◽  
Helga Refsum ◽  
Per M Ueland
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Predictors Of Change

Abstract Background: Total cysteine (tCys) in plasma has recently been linked to cardiovascular risk and is also associated with cardiovascular risk factors, including body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol. Changes and predictors of change in tCys concentrations over a mean follow-up time of 6.0 (5.2–7.2) years were assessed in this study. Methods: Baseline data from the Hordaland Homocysteine Study recorded in 1992–1993 included tCys, total homocysteine (tHcy), and various lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors. In 1998–1999, the same measurements were repeated in 3732 individuals born in 1950–1951 and 3339 individuals born in 1925–1927. Most of the statistical analyses were done separately in the four age and sex groups. Results: The overall mean values of tCys were higher at follow-up [mean (SD), 296 (41) μmol/L] than at baseline [278 (36.5) μmol/L]; P &lt;0.0001. The mean percentage of increase in tCys in the different age and sex groups ranged from 4.9% to 8.5%. There was a significant correlation between the tCys values measured on the two occasions (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.55–0.59 in the different age and sex groups; P &lt;0.0001). The change in tCys correlated with changes in BMI, cholesterol, and diastolic blood pressure in the younger age group, whereas only changes in BMI predicted changes in tCys in the older age group. Conclusions: tCys increased in the 6 years between the two measurements. Factors related to the baseline tCys values, including BMI and the change in BMI, predicted the tCys changes over time.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Association Between Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 770-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeongra Yang ◽  
Eileen R. Chasens ◽  
Susan M. Sereika ◽  
Lora E. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Large Population ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose The purpose of this study was to examine the association between cardiovascular risk factors and the presence of diabetes in a large population-level dataset. Methods A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a population-based survey (n = 403,137) conducted in the United States. Results The majority of the respondents were middle-aged and overweight. Approximately half of the sample reported little or no physical activity. Estimates from a logistic regression model for a weighted sample of white, black, and Hispanic adults revealed that having hypertension or elevated cholesterol was a strong predictor of diabetes even when controlling for age, gender, race, education, income, body mass index, smoking status, and physical activity. Conclusions The results confirmed the importance of diabetes educators counseling patients with hypertension or hypercholesterolemia about their increased risk for developing diabetes.

scholarly journals Salivary Metabolic Hormones as Biomarkers of Childhood Obesity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiny Lizia Manohar ◽  
Hemamalini Arambakkam Janardhanam ◽  
Latha Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Obesity Research ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Control Study

Abstract IntroductionObesity is a major threat to the health and development of children. While hormones in serum samples have been extensively investigated in childhood obesity research, our study attempts to explore salivary metabolic hormones as biomarkers of childhood obesity.MethodsObese (n=83) and non-obese (n=83) school children aged 6-11 years were recruited as cases and controls, respectively, for this case-control study. Salivary concentrations of the hormones, Ghrelin, Leptin, Adiponectin and Insulin were assessed and compared between obese and non-obese children to evaluate their role in childhood obesity. Results The mean ghrelin (1.69 ± 0.38 pg/ml) and adiponectin (95.53 ± 64.92 ng/ml) levels of the non-obese children were higher than the mean values of the obese, while the mean values of the hormones leptin (265.95 ± 83.16 pg/ml) and insulin (224.56 ± 184.86 pg/ml) were found to be higher among the obese. Higher levels of the hormones insulin (OR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.05-1.12) and leptin (OR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02-1.04) posed higher risks for childhood obesity, followed by adiponectin, which was found to be lower among the cases (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99995-0.99998) which increased the risk of childhood obesity.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the efficacy of saliva as a promising non-invasive tool in childhood obesity research and highlights the significance of appetite regulatory hormones as biomarkers of childhood obesity.

scholarly journals Heart Rate – An Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factor

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Mohammad Abu Kauser ◽  
Mohammad Safiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factor ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Risk Factor Management ◽  
Increased Risk

The development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is usually caused by multiple risk factors, which interact to produce an individuals total CVD risk. Therefore the guidelines on the prevention of CVD recommend the preventive measures be based on individual’s levels of total CVD risk so that the most intensive risk factor management can be directed towards those at highest risk. Elevated resting heart rate is a known independent   cardiovascular risk factor but is not included in any risk estimating system-Coronary risk chart or SCORE(Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation).which are used for estimation of individuals 10 year risk of a CVD event based on gender, age, total cholesterol, smoking status and systolic blood pressure. The findings several epidemiological studies showed an association between elevated heart rate an increased risk of allcause mortality and morbidity in general population, hypertensives, diabetics and those with CAD. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/uhj.v8i1.11665 University Heart Journal Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2012

scholarly journals Hyperhomocysteinaemia, hyperlipidaemia and risk of venous thromboembolism in Shiraz

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 935-943
Author(s):  
A. Zamani ◽  
G. R. Omrani ◽  
K. B. Lankarani
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities ◽  
Control Study

To assess the risk of venous thromboembolism [VTE] associated with hyperhomocysteinaemia [hyper-Hcy] and hyperlipidaemia, we performed a case-control study. Fasting total homocysteine [Hcy], triglyceride and cholesterol levels were assessed in 43 patients with VTE and 43 controls. Mean Hcy level was significantly higher in the test group. Odds ratio [OR] for VTE in patients with hyper-Hcy was 2.7, with the association stronger in women and those under 50. The OR for those with both hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia was significantly greater in those under 50. Increased risk for venous thrombosis was found among those under 50 having both lipid abnormalities

scholarly journals Associations of early childhood caries with salivary beta defensin-3 and childhood anemia: a case–control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanam Faheem ◽  
Shahida Maqsood ◽  
Arshad Hasan ◽  
Fouzia Imtiaz ◽  
Faheem Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Childhood Anemia ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background Human beta defensin-3 (HβD-3) is an antimicrobial peptide present in saliva that protects tooth surfaces from microbial attack. These peptides are part of innate immunity so levels may be affected by different systemic diseases like anemia. Therefore, anemia may predispose an affected child to an increased risk of dental caries. The objectives of this study were to determine the association of early childhood caries (ECC) with HβD-3 levels and observe the association of HβD-3 levels with childhood anemia. Methods A total of 80 children admitted in a pediatric medical ward, age 48–71 months, of either sex were included in the study. The included children were categorized as cases (children with ECC n = 40) and controls (children without ECC n = 40). Children were further segregated into the anemic and non-anemic sub-groups based on the hospital record of hemoglobin level. The salivary concentration of HβD-3 was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). IBM SPSS version 20 software was used for statistical analysis. Two sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to compare mean values while spearman was used for correlations at p < 0.05. Results The mean Salivary HβD-3 level in cases (8.87 ± 4.30) was significantly higher (p = 0.042) as compared to controls (7.23 ± 2.57). Salivary HβD-3 level in patients with caries and without anemia was highest (10.80 ± 4.50) whereas salivary HβD-3 level in the presence of caries and anemia was lowest (6.94 ± 3.13) amongst all groups. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Salivary HβD-3 level was found to be moderately correlated with cases (p = 0.002). An inverse correlation was found between salivary HβD-3 level and anemia (r = -0.479, p = 0.002). Conclusion Anemia may affect the innate immunity of children, and may result in a decreased level of salivary HβD3, thus increasing vulnerability to decay.

Abstract P200: Validity of self-reported hypothyroidism: Associations with cardiovascular risk factors in the CARDIA Study

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela J Schreiner ◽  
Sherita Golden ◽  
Na Zhu ◽  
Martha Daviglus
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

BACKGROUND: Hypothyroidism (HYPOT), defined as having low levels of free thyroxine and elevated levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), is a common condition linked to many adverse cardiovascular risk factors. Observational studies often rely on self-reported medical history that may or may not accurately reflect the presence of a condition or its adequate control. METHODS: We examined the association between self-reported HYPOT and levels of risk factors commonly altered by HYPOT using the Year 25 (2010-2011) CARDIA Study data. Systolic blood pressure, total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, body mass index (BMI), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score were measured using standardized methods. Crude means or geometric means were compared by HYPOT status with t-tests. Least-squared means adjusted for age, race, sex, center, smoking status, education, and BMI were estimated by HYPOT status using linear regression, and repeated with additional adjustment for levothyroxine or synthyroid use. RESULTS: After excluding 48 cases of hyperthyroidism, 4.6% (131/2851) of participants self-reported having HYPOT; mean age was 50.1 years, 55.3% were women, and 52.4% were white. Compared to those without HYPOT, those with HYPOT were more likely to be white (75.6% vs. 51.3%) and women (85.5% vs. 53.9%); crude mean systolic blood pressure was lower (114.9 vs. 120.3 mmHg, p=0.0002) and HDL-c was higher (61.7 vs. 57.9 mg/dL, p=0.03). After multivariable adjustment ( Table ), only BMI and triglycerides differed by HYPOT status. Adjustment for thyroid medication use did not materially alter mean differences. CONCLUSION: Self-reported hypothyroidism was inconsistently associated with risk factors commonly altered by thyroid abnormalities, regardless of medication status. These data suggest that TSH measurement is necessary to accurately identify individuals with low thyroid function leading to risk factor disturbances. Multivariable-adjusted mean risk factor levels by self-reported HYPOT status YES (n=131) NO (n=2720) p-difference SBP (mmHg) 118.6 120.9 0.17 Total cholesterol (mg/dL) 194.1 191.0 0.39 HDL-c (mg/dL) 57.4 57.4 0.97 LDL-c (mg/dL) 109.4 110.6 0.74 Triglycerides (mg/dL) * 114.5 100.5 0.021 BMI (kg/m 2 ) 31.5 30.0 0.05 CES-D score 10.8 9.6 0.12 * geometric mean

Main approaches to prevention of health disorders in workers in contact with physical factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 827-829
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Melentyev
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Noise And Vibration ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Building Enterprises

Introduction. One of the leading causes of occupational health loss, especially in mining and machine-building enterprises, is the combined impact of industrial noise and vibration. The wide prevalence of cardiovascular diseases is one of the most important medical and social problems, due to persistent disability and high mortality, bringing prevention of health disorders to the first place as the basis for preserving labor longevity. The aim of study is to identify the main approaches aimed at preventing health problems in workers who come into contact with vibration and noise at mining and machine-building enterprises. Materials and methods. A survey and survey of 296 industrial workers was conducted. Group 1 (160 people) included men who were exposed to noise and vibration factors above the maximum permissible levels, group 2 consisted of 136 men who did not have direct contact with noise and vibration generating equipment. When conducting an in-depth laboratory and instrumental examination in a hospital setting, all workers additionally calculated the level of cardiovascular risk on the SCORE scale. Statistical analysis was performed using the software package "Statistica 6.0". Results. It is determined that the priority adverse factors of the working environment in production are noise and vibration. It has been shown that individuals who come into contact with these factors are more likely to detect violations of lipid metabolism and endothelial function, have a higher average heart rate and systolic blood pressure, and have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions. Taking into account the obtained results of the proposed diagnostic approaches aimed at the prevention of health disorders among workers of industrial enterprises. If employees are found to have an increased cardiovascular risk, it is necessary to conduct a more in-depth examination and timely medical and preventive measures.

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