scholarly journals ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AND APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF SULFATED POLYSACCHARIDE ISOLATED FROM HYPNEA VALENTIAE RED SEAWEED IN HUMAN SKIN MALIGNANT MELANOMA CELLS

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
NEGHA RAJENDRAN ◽  
RAMYA RAVICHANDRAN ◽  
VEERABHUVANESHWARI VEERICHETTY
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Sulfated Polysaccharide ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Drug Resistance ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
Apoptotic Activity

Objective: Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic cutaneous cancer. Deregulated apoptosis has been identified as a major cause of cancer drug resistance. The objective of the study is to evaluate antiproliferative activity of Hypnea Valentiae extract in human skin malignant melanoma (SK-MEL) cells. Methods: In this study, sulfated polysaccharide fraction was precipitated from aqueous extract obtained from H. valentiae. MTT assay was used to determine the cell viability of the crude sulfated polysaccharide against SK-MEL cells and normal L6 cell line (Rat skeletal muscle). Acridine orange (AO) and Ethidium bromide (EB) staining method was applied to study induction of apoptosis in SK-MEL cells. Results: Dose-dependent reduction in cell viability was observed with an IC50 of 30 μg/ml in SK-MEL cancer cells. The sulfated polysaccharide treated SK-MEL cells followed by AO, EB staining, showed typical early apoptotic, and late apoptotic morphological changes. Conclusion: The isolated crude sulfated polysaccharide from H. valentiae produced potent growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in SK-MEL cells but caused no cytotoxicity in normal L6 skeletal muscle cells.

scholarly journals PDPN Is Expressed in Various Types of Canine Tumors and Its Silencing Induces Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Arrest in Canine Malignant Melanoma

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Shinada ◽  
Daiki Kato ◽  
Satoshi Kamoto ◽  
Sho Yoshimoto ◽  
Masaya Tsuboi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Phase Cell ◽  
Cancer Stemness ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Canine Tumors ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis

Podoplanin (PDPN), a small transmembrane mucin-like glycoprotein, is ectopically expressed. It is also known to be linked with several aspects of tumor malignancy in some types of human tumors, including invasion, metastasis, and cancer stemness. However, there are few reports on the expression of dog PDPN (dPDPN) in canine tumors, and the association between dPDPN and tumor malignancy has not been elucidated. We identified that 11 out of 18 types of canine tumors expressed dPDPN. Furthermore, 80% of canine malignant melanoma (MM), squamous cell carcinoma, and meningioma expressed dPDPN. Moreover, the expression density of dPDPN was positively associated with the expression of the Ki67 proliferation marker. The silencing of dPDPN by siRNAs resulted in the suppression of cell migration, invasion, stem cell-like characteristics, and cell viability in canine MM cell lines. The suppression of cell viability was caused by the induction of apoptosis and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Overall, this study demonstrates that dPDPN is expressed in various types of canine tumors and that dPDPN silencing suppresses cell viability through apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, thus providing a novel biological role for PDPN in tumor progression.

scholarly journals In Vitro Comparison of the Anti-Proliferative Effects of Galenia africana on Human Skin Cell Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Banele Ndlovu ◽  
Maryna De Kock ◽  
Jeremy Klaasen ◽  
Farzana Rahiman
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Nuclear Condensation ◽  
Human Malignant Melanoma ◽  
A375 Cells

Malignant melanoma is the major cause of skin cancer-related deaths. Surgery in combination with radiotherapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy is used to eradicate cancer cells, however, this treatment option is limited by the tolerance of the surrounding healthy tissue. The extracts from Galenia africana have been shown to possess anti-cancer flavonoid compounds and can be a safer and cost-effective alternative treatment. The study aimed to compare the anti-proliferative effects of G. africana on human skin cells (HaCaT) and human malignant melanoma cells (A375). The cells were exposed to various concentrations of the G. africana extract at different times. In vitro assays were employed to determine cell viability and cytotoxicity. Hoechst 33342 staining was performed to observe the nuclear changes, including apoptosis. G. africana significantly reduced the cell viability of the A375 cells in a dose and time-dependent manner, while having no effect on the HaCaT cells. The A375 cells displayed nuclear condensation, brightly stained nuclei and nuclear fragmentation indicative of apoptosis. This suggests a clinical rationale for the use of G. africana as a potential anti-melanoma agent offering efficacy and low toxicity. This study provides new insights for future work on investigating the utilization of G. africana in malignant melanoma treatment.

Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway as a New Mechanism to Exploit Cancer Drug Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 779-787
Author(s):  
Kajal Ghosal ◽  
Christian Agatemor ◽  
Richard I. Han ◽  
Amy T. Ku ◽  
Sabu Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Dna Repair ◽  
Fanconi Anemia ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Cancer Drugs ◽  
Repair Pathway ◽  
Cancer Drug Resistance ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Chemotherapy employs anti-cancer drugs to stop the growth of cancerous cells, but one common obstacle to the success is the development of chemoresistance, which leads to failure of the previously effective anti-cancer drugs. Resistance arises from different mechanistic pathways, and in this critical review, we focus on the Fanconi Anemia (FA) pathway in chemoresistance. This pathway has yet to be intensively researched by mainstream cancer researchers. This review aims to inspire a new thrust toward the contribution of the FA pathway to drug resistance in cancer. We believe an indepth understanding of this pathway will open new frontiers to effectively treat drug-resistant cancer.

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Characterizing Long Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Drug Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (26) ◽  
pp. 6693-6702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenyuan Zhao ◽  
Bin Shan ◽  
Dan He ◽  
Yuanda Cheng ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Drug Resistance

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems with platinum drugs for overcoming cancer drug resistance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Xie ◽  
Yushu Wang ◽  
Dengshuai Wei ◽  
Lingpu Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Platinum Drugs ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Platinum Drug ◽  
Cancer Drug Resistance ◽  
Platinum Drug Resistance

The mechanisms of chemoresistance and nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for platinum drugs were detailed summarized in this review. The current combination therapy provided an effective strategy to overcome the platinum drug resistance.

scholarly journals Correction to Overcoming Ovarian Cancer Drug Resistance with a Cold Responsive Nanomaterial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Wang ◽  
Pranay Agarwal ◽  
Gang Zhao ◽  
Guang Ji ◽  
Christopher M. Jewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Cancer Drug Resistance

scholarly journals Exogenous Antioxidants Impact on UV-Induced Changes in Membrane Phospholipids and the Effectiveness of the Endocannabinoid System in Human Skin Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1260
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gęgotek ◽  
Anna Jastrząb ◽  
Marta Dobrzyńska ◽  
Michał Biernacki ◽  
Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
Human Skin Cells ◽  
Induced Changes

Natural antioxidants effectively counteract changes caused by UV radiation in human skin cells. However, their action is limited due to their lipo/hydrophilicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the mutual protective action of hydrophilic ascorbic acid and partially lipophilic rutin against UVA/UVB-induced changes in membranes phospholipid and endocannabinoid system in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Obtained results clearly showed that, despite the stronger antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid, the lipid membranes were more effectively protected against UV-induced oxidation by rutin, including changes in phospholipid fatty acid levels, prevention against reactive aldehydes formation and endocannabinoids degradation. Ascorbic acid more strongly prevented UV-induced endocannabinoid receptors expression in fibroblasts, especially CB1. However, the combined action of used antioxidants resulted in the greatest cytoprotective effect, which was evident in the inflammatory marker TNFα down-regulation and increased cell viability following cell irradiation. The applied mixture of antioxidants showed a stronger protective in relation to membrane phospholipids in keratinocytes and in the endocannabinoid system in fibroblasts. In conclusion, it can be suggested that combined antioxidant capacities of ascorbic acid and rutin protects against lipid peroxidation but also decreases the UV-induced inflammation by direct interaction with the endocannabinoid system, thus increasing skin cell viability.

scholarly journals The Olive Leaves Extract Has Anti-Tumor Effects against Neuroblastoma through Inhibition of Cell Proliferation and Induction of Apoptosis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2178
Author(s):  
Fabio Morandi ◽  
Veronica Bensa ◽  
Enzo Calarco ◽  
Fabio Pastorino ◽  
Patrizia Perri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Induction Of Apoptosis ◽  
Dose Dependent

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor of pediatric age. The prognosis for high-risk NB patients remains poor, and new treatment strategies are desirable. The olive leaf extract (OLE) is constituted by phenolic compounds, whose health beneficial effects were reported. Here, the anti-tumor effects of OLE were investigated in vitro on a panel of NB cell lines in terms of (i) reduction of cell viability; (ii) inhibition of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest; (iii) induction of apoptosis; and (iv) inhibition of cell migration. Furthermore, cytotoxicity experiments, by combining OLE with the chemotherapeutic topotecan, were also performed. OLE reduced the cell viability of NB cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner in 2D and 3D models. NB cells exposed to OLE underwent inhibition of cell proliferation, which was characterized by an arrest of the cell cycle progression in G0/G1 phase and by the accumulation of cells in the sub-G0 phase, which is peculiar of apoptotic death. This was confirmed by a dose-dependent increase of Annexin V+ cells (peculiar of apoptosis) and upregulation of caspases 3 and 7 protein levels. Moreover, OLE inhibited the migration of NB cells. Finally, the anti-tumor efficacy of the chemotherapeutic topotecan, in terms of cell viability reduction, was greatly enhanced by its combination with OLE. In conclusion, OLE has anti-tumor activity against NB by inhibiting cell proliferation and migration and by inducing apoptosis.

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