scholarly journals PREPARATION OF CHITOSAN-TPP NANOPARTICLES: THE INFLUENCE OF CHITOSAN POLYMERIC PROPERTIES AND FORMULATION VARIABLES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Al-nemrawi ◽  
S. S. M. Alsharif ◽  
R. H. Dave
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Large Increment ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Formulation Variables

Objective: The aim of this work was to prepare chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as crosslinker and to study the effect of chitosan polymeric properties and experimental conditions on the properties and stability of NPs.Methods: CS NPs were prepared by ionic gelation method, using TPP as a crosslinker. The particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP) and the morphologies of the NPs were studied. CS NPs prepared by varying the concentration of TPP, Chitosan molecular weight and its degree of deacetylation, the stirring speed, the rate of TPP addition and the freeze-drying method to study the effect of these variables on the NPs. The stability of the CS NPs was evaluated by storing aqueous suspensions of NPs and comparing the PS, PDI and ZP at the beginning and the end of the experiment.Results: This study shows that the PS, ZP and dispersity of the NPs depend on the chitosan polymeric properties and experimental conditions. The NPs sizes range between 145.73 and 724.23 nm. They all carried positive charges ranging between+4.32 and+43.67 mV. Most of the NPs have the same sizes after freeze-drying, but showed higher monodispersity and ZP, indicating higher stability. After twenty days of studying the stability, the NPs that had low ZP showed a large increment in size in comparison to the highly charged NPs.Conclusion: In conclusion, the polymeric properties and formulation variables in the ionic gelation method have a great influence on the CS NPs formed.

scholarly journals Sintesis Nanopartikel Kitosan-tripolifosfat menggunakan Metode Gelasi Ionik

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Risnawati Risnawati ◽  
Mohammad Wijaya M ◽  
Hasri Hasri
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis nanopartikel kitosan menggunakan metode gelasi ionik. Tahapan sintesis meliputi: pembuatan larutan kitosan 0,2% menggunakan asam sitrat 5%, sintesis Nanopartikel Kitosan dengan Na-TPP sebagai pengikat silang, dilanjutkan dengan uji kestabilan nanopartikel menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil sintesis nanopatikel dikarakterisasi menggunakan FT-IR, PSA dan uji kadar air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suspensi nanopartikel kitosan-TPP tetap stabil selama penyimpanan 1 hari dan setelah freeze drying diperoleh serbuk berwarna putih dengan kadar air sebesar 7,25%. Hasil Karakterisasi FT-IR mengindikasikan bahwa sintesis nanopatikel telah terbentuk, hal ini dapat dilihat terjadinya pergeseran puncak serapan gugus fungsi sebelum dan setelah terbentuk nanopartikel kitosan. Hasil analisis PSA diperoleh ukuran partikel sebesar 7270,9 nm. Berdasarkan hal tersebut disimpulkan bahwa sintesis nanopartikel kitosan dapat dilakukan dengan metode gelasi ionik dengan kestabilan selama satu hari. Kata kunci: Gelasi ionik, Kitosan-TPP, Nanopartikel ABSTRACT This experiment aimed to synthesize of chitosan nanoparticles using ionic gelation method. Synthesis stages include: preparation of 0.2% chitosan solution using 5% citric acid, synthesis chitosan nanoparticles with Na-TPP as crosslinker, followed by a test of the stability of the nanoparticles using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of synthesis nanopaticles were characterized using FT-IR, PSA and test water content. The results showed that the nanoparticles of chitosan-TPP suspension remained stable for 1 day storage time and after freeze drying obtained in the form white powder with a water content of 7.25%. Characterization of FT-IR results indicate that the synthesis nanopaticles been formed, it can be seen a shift of the absorption peak of functional groups before and after the formation of chitosan nanoparticles. PSA analysis results obtained that particle size at 7270.9 nm. Based on this it was concluded that synthesis of chitosan nanoparticle can be performed with ionic gelation method with stability during one day. Keywords: Gelasi ionic, Chitosan-TPP, Nanoparticles

scholarly journals Chitosan anchored nanoparticles for breast cancer: preparation and evaluation: part-I

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rajkumari Thagele ◽  
Archana Bagre ◽  
Mohan Lal Kori
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
Preparation And Evaluation

The objective of present research work was to develop methotrexate loaded chitosan anchored shell nanoparticles for drug delivery in breast cancer. Chitosan nanoparticles (CS-NPs) were synthesized by ionic gelation of chitosan using sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). The optimized nanoparticles were characterized for particle size and polydispersity index (PDI) revealed particle size were found to be between 57.08 nm to169.5 nm and PDI 0.252 to 0.639 respectively. The results signpost that stirring speed during ionic gelation reaction was also decisive parameters for the size of the nanoparticles obtained. Further characterization involved to show polymer-drug interaction was FTIR and DSC. This paper grants a revision of the physical factors elaborate in attaining nanoparticles in order to regulate the particle size of polymeric nanoparticles made from chitosan, without any surplus chemical treatment. Keywords: Breast cancer, Nanoparticles, Chitosan, Methotrexate

scholarly journals Oregano (Origanum vulgar subsp. viride) Essential Oil: Extraction, Preparation, Characterization, and Encapsulation by Chitosan-Carbomer Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Sharififard ◽  
Maryam Kouchak ◽  
Ismaeil Alizadeh ◽  
Elham Jahanifard
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Average Size

Background: Plant essential oils (EOs) as natural agents have broad activity, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, and repellency activities because of their chemical compositions. Objectives: The objective of this study was to increase the stability of Origanum vulgar subsp. viride EOs by encapsulation in chitosan-carbomer nanoparticles by ionic gelation method. Methods: The EOs from dried leaves of O. vulgar subsp. Viride were extracted by hydro-distillation method, and EO components were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Besides, OEO-loaded chitosan (CS) nano-capsules were prepared using the ionic gelation method. The molecular structure and morphology of nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier Transform-Infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC) of the OEO-loaded CS nanoparticles, and their release profiles were determined using UV/Vis spectrophotometry. Results: The major components of OEO were thymol (20.53%), 4-terpinenol (20.28%), and γ-terpinene (12.22%). The percentages of EE and LC of OEO ranged from 99.25 ± 0.74 to 93.84 ± 0.71 and 38.02 ± 0.18 to 66.73 ± 0.51, respectively, with increasing the OEO to chitosan ratio from 1:0.0.01 to 1:0.0.04 W/V. The nanoparticles were regular, uniform, and spherical in shape with an average size of 134 to 181 nm, which were dispersed throughout the solution. The zeta potential values for blank chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) and OEO-loaded CSNPs were +23.4 and +38.5 mV, respectively. Conclusions: The results confirmed the suitability of the CS-carbomer complex for OEO- CSNPs formation. It is recommended to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of developed OEO nanoparticles in laboratory and field studies.

scholarly journals Impact of Crystalline Structural Differences Between α- and β-Chitosan on Their Nanoparticle Formation Via Ionic Gelation and Superoxide Radical Scavenging Activities

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yattra Jampafuang ◽  
Anan Tongta ◽  
Yaowapha Waiprib
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Radical ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Superoxide Radicals ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Nanoparticle Formation

α- and β-Chitosan nanoparticles were obtained from shrimp shell and squid pen chitosan with different set of deacetylation degree (%DD) and molecular weight (MW) combinations. After nanoparticle formation via ionic gelation with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), the % crystallinity index (%CI) of the α- and β-chitosan nanoparticles were reduced to approximately 33% and 43% of the initial %CI of the corresponding α- and β-chitosan raw samples, respectively. Both forms of chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles scavenged superoxide radicals in a dose-dependent manner. The %CI of α- and β-chitosan and chitosan nanoparticles was significantly negatively correlated with superoxide radical scavenging abilities over the range of concentration (0.5, 1, 2 and 3 mg/mL) studied. High %DD, and low MW β-chitosan exhibited the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity (p < 0.05). α- and β-Chitosan nanoparticles prepared from high %DD and low MW chitosan demonstrated the highest abilities to scavenge superoxide radicals at 2.0–3.0 mg/mL (p < 0.05), whereas α-chitosan nanoparticles, with the lowest %CI, and smallest particle size (p < 0.05), prepared from medium %DD, and medium MW chitosan showed the highest abilities to scavenge superoxide radicals at 0.5–1.0 mg/mL (p < 0.05). It could be concluded that α- and β-chitosan nanoparticles had superior superoxide radical scavenging abilities than raw chitosan samples.

scholarly journals Preparation of insulin loaded chitosan- TPP nanoparticles by ionic gelation method

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Trang Thi Huyen Dinh ◽  
Hao Duc Nguyen ◽  
Hieu Van Le ◽  
Ha Thanh Ho
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Concentration Ratio ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Chitosan Concentration

In study, insulin loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared via ionic gelation method using cross-linking agent sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). To have best result for the preparation of nanoparticles, a commercial chitosan with a degree of deacetylation DD of 75 % was adjusted to 85 % - 90 % which was determined by FTIR method. The obtained deacetylated chitosan was studied for the effect of pH, concentration, ratio of chitosan and STPP. Then the insulin loaded chitosan TPP nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method. These nanoparticles could deliver 91.6 % insulin at pH = 3.5, with the chitosan concentration of 1 mg/mL and the chitosan:STPP ratio of 4:1. The TEMs indicate that chitosan nanoparticles were spherical in shape and the particles size was smaller than 100 nm. Investigation of FTIR and entrapment efficiency assert that insulin loaded chitosan nanopartiles have been prepared and can become a drug delivery system via oral in the future.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of New Thiolated Chitosan Nanoparticles Obtained by Ionic Gelation Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynaldo Esquivel ◽  
Josué Juárez ◽  
Mario Almada ◽  
Jaime Ibarra ◽  
Miguel A. Valdez
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Aggregation Process ◽  
Thiolated Chitosan

We derivatized low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) with 3-mercaptopropanoic acid (3-MPA) by a coupling reaction. The chemical modification of LMWC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance,1HNMR. We researched the influence of 3-MPA on the nanoparticles formation by ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as cross-linker reagent. In order to optimize the nanoparticles formation, we studied the effect of the pH solution and molar ratio on nanoparticles stability. Analyses of particle size, morphology, and surface charge were determined by dynamic light scattering, Atomic Force Microscopy, and zeta potential, respectively. It was found that formation of semispherical and stable nanoparticles was improved due to the chemical modification of chitosan. Optimized semispherical nanoparticles of thiolated chitosan were synthesized with the parameters (pH 4.7, molar ratios 1 : 106). Additionally, we reported the thermodynamic profile of the nanoparticles formation determined by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The aggregation process achieved to form nanoparticles of thiolated and nonmodified chitosan consisted of two stages, considering one binding site model. Gibbs free energy(ΔG)and binding constant (Ka) describe the aggregation process of thiolated chitosan/TPP, which is an initial reaction and followed by an endothermic stage. These results are promising for the possible application of these nanoparticles as nanocarriers and delivery systems.

scholarly journals FORMULATION OPTIMIZATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GANCICLOVIR LOADED DRY CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Patel ◽  
Rutu Patel ◽  
Balaram Gajra ◽  
R. Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Physicochemical Interaction ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Stirring Time

ABSTRACTObjective: The objective of this work was to formulate, optimize, and characterize ganciclovir (GCV) loaded dry chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs).Methods: The GCV loaded CSNPs was prepared by ionic gelation method. Box–Behnken design was employed to optimize the influence of independentprocess and formulation variables like drug to polymer ratio, concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate, and stirring time (min) on the dependentvariables such as particle size (PS) and drug encapsulation efficiency (% EE). The optimum conditions were determined by regression analysis of theoutput data.Results: The independent variables had interactive effects and they affected both the responses. The optimum formulation had PS within the range of100-120 nm and % EE between 85% and 86%. The prepared GCV loaded CSNPs were dried by fluidized bed drying method. Fourier transform infraredspectra showed there was no physicochemical interaction between GCV and CS. Powder X-ray diffraction study showed less intense crystalline peaksindicated that GCV may exist in the formulation as amorphous nanodispersion or molecular dispersion form. Differential scanning calorimetry studywas performed which indicated that the drug was molecularly dispersed inside the matrix of CS. Higuchi model was the best to fit the in vitro releasedata for the GCV loaded CSNPs.Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that the GCV loaded dry CSNPs were formulated, optimized, and characterized using desiredpharmacotechnical properties.Keywords: Chitosan nanoparticles, Box–Behnken design, Sodium tripolyphosphate, Ionic gelation.

scholarly journals Design of Guggul Lipid Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Using Box-Behnken Design – An Evaluation Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
B. R. Srinivas Murthy ◽  
Prasanna Raju Yelavarthi ◽  
N. Devanna ◽  
D. Jamal Basha
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Lipid A ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Desirability Function ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Box Behnken Design

Aim: Guggul lipid, a lipophillic antihyperlipidemic moiety, undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism and has low bioavailability. In order to address this limitation, guggul lipid loaded chitosan nanoparticles (GNPs) were designed, optimized and processed by 3- factor 3- level Box- Behnken design (BBD). Methodology: A 3-factor 3-level BBD was employed to investigate combined influence of formulation variables on percent entrapment efficiency (EE) and percent drug release (DR) of GNPs prepared by ionic gelation method. The generated polynomial equation was validated and desirability function was utilized for optimization. Optimized GNPs were evaluated for physicochemical, morphological, release characteristics, solid state characterization and in-vitro cell line studies. Results: Amounts of chitosan, sodium tripolyphosphate and guggul were selected as independent variables had variably influenced EE and DR. Optimized GNPs were produced with an average size of 96.5 nm, electro kinetic potential of -15.4 mV, EE of 92.98% and DR of 95.12% in 24 h with sustained release. Physicochemical and in-vitro characterization revealed existence of guggul in amorphous form in GNPs without interaction and exhibited sustained release profile following first order with Higuchi kinetics. GNPs possessed lipase inhibition activity with IC50 value of 14.72 µg/ml and better viability against various cell lines with CTC50 values (256.24 to 321.27 µg/ml). Conclusions: Design and optimization of GNPs by BBD proved to be an effective and promising approach. High entrapment of guggul followed controlled release were the outcomes of GNPs prepared by ionic gelation with improved cell viability.

Development of Phosphorylated Glucomannan-Coated Chitosan Nanoparticles as Nanocarriers for Protein Delivery

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2887-2895 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cuña ◽  
M. Alonso-Sande ◽  
C. Remuñán-López ◽  
J. P. Pivel ◽  
J. L. Alonso-Lebrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Cryoprotective Agents ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
The Stability

The aim of the present work was to develop a new nanoparticle carrier, adapted for the oral administration of proteins and their delivery to the immune system. Chitosan and phosphorylated glucomannan were chosen as major constituents of the nanoparticles. Chitosan nanoparticles were formed by ionic gelation and then coated with glucomannan. Two different protocols were adopted for the formation of the glucomannan coating: protocol I, in which chitosan nanoparticles were isolated before their coating; protocol II, in which chitosan nanoparticles were not isolated, but coated with glucomannan in the presence of free chitosan. The results showed that, under the selected formulation conditions, the sizes of the nanoparticles ranged between 170 and 300 nm and their zeta potential values were inverted from positive to negative by the glucomannan coating. The nanoparticles prepared by the two protocols could be freeze-dried, in the presence or absence of cryoprotective agents, preserving their original characteristics. The results of the stability study evidenced the positive role of the glucomannan coating in preventing the aggregation of the nanoparticles in buffered media. Finally, the association of the inmunomodulatory protein complex P1 to the chitosan-glucomannan nanoparticles was investigated. The results showed that the association was not dependent on the chitosan: sodium tripoliphosphate ratio, but it was significantly affected by the presence of sodium phosphate in the protein structure.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Properties of Chitosan Nanoparticles CrossLinked with Tripolyphosphate

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Mostafa Yusefi ◽  
Pooneh Kia ◽  
Siti Nur Amalina Mohamad Sukri ◽  
Roshafima Rasit Ali ◽  
Kamyar Shameli
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Sodium Tripolyphosphate ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Ionic Gelation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Chitosan ◽  
Cross Linker

Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) have been extensively examined for various biomedical applications due to their advantages include large surface area, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. The purpose of this research was to synthesize ChNPs using a simple ionic gelation technique by the interaction of low molecular weight chitosan (LMWC) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent. ChNPs, TPP, and LMWC were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectra that indicated the formation of ChNPs, attributing to the rearrangement of the nanoparticles after adding the TPP cross-linker into the LMWC solution. XRD analysis exhibited that ChNPs were amorphous, due to the effect of TPP cross-linker. Dynamic light scattering showed the nano-dimension of ChNPs with a hydrodynamic size of 68.50 nm. Thus, the obtained results indicated that the properties of chitosan were improved through converting it into nanoparticles using TPP initiated ionic gelation procedure.

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