scholarly journals ANTI-TYROSINASE ACTIVITY FROM VARIOUS SOLVENTS OF PEANUT SHELL (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) EXTRACTS IN VITRO

2019 ◽  
pp. 150-152
Author(s):  
RISHA FILLAH FITHRIA ◽  
MELLA DWI KRISDIANA ◽  
ETIKA MUSLIMAH ◽  
SARIF MUSYAFA ◽  
NINING SUGIHARTINI
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Microplate Reader ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
Better Than

Objective: This study aimed to determine in vitro anti-tyrosinase activity from various solvents of peanut shell extracts and to find out if the activityis better than kojic acid which is a conventional compound used as anti-hyperpigmentation agent.Methods: Extraction was done by maceration method with various solvents of ethyl acetate, n-hexane, and 70% ethanol. Extracts were made into theseries concentration of 25, 50, and 75 μg/ml. Kojic acid with concentration of 50 μg/ml used as positive control and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide used asnegative control. Tyrosinase enzyme will react with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine substrate to produce dopachrome compound. The absorbance ofdopachrome read by microplate reader at λ = 492 nm. If the absorbance read by the microplate reader is low, means that the inhibition power of thepeanut shell extract against the tyrosinase enzyme is high. Anti-tyrosinase activity seen by the percentage inhibition value. The percentage inhibitionvalue was analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney U-test; all tests were carried out with a confidence level of 95%.Results: The mean of percentage inhibition value of n-hexane extract ranged from 12.44 ± 1.66% to 39.82 ± 1.33%, 70% of ethanol extract rangedfrom 39.98 ± 0.85% to 70.19 ± 1.98%, and ethyl acetate extract ranged from 17.85 ± 0.78% to 60.30 ± 0.97%. Kojic acid has mean percentageinhibition value of 78.19 ± 1.97%. IC50 of ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts was, respectively, 40.53 μg/ml, 63.49 μg/ml, and 91.95 μg/ml.Ethanol extract contains flavonoid, tannin, and saponin. Ethyl acetate extract contains flavonoid.Conclusion: All various solvents of peanut shell extracts have anti-tyrosinase activity but not better than kojic acid. Ethanol extract with concentrationof 75 μg/ml has the greatest anti-tyrosinase activity.

scholarly journals Potential of Malacca leaf (Phyllanthus emblica) against Salmonella sp

2020 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 01029
Author(s):  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
Mahdi Abrar ◽  
Yudha Fahrimal ◽  
Amalia Sutriana ◽  
Yobeswi Husna
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Inhibitory Property

Malacca is one of traditional medicine that possesses a potent antimicrobial activity. This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of Malacca leaf extract on the growth of Salmonella sp in vitro. The bacteria was obtained from Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala. The study was conducted using n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol of malacca leaves with dilution concentrations of 5%, 25%, and 50%.The inhibitory property of malacca leaf was tested using Kirby-Bauer method. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that n-hexane extract, ethyl acetate extract and ethanol extract of malacca leaves can inhibit the growth of Salmonella sp. The n-hexane extract of malacca leaves showed a greater inhibition than the ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of malacca leaves. n-hexane extract with a concentration of 5%, 25%, and 50% showed average diameter inhibition of 1.35 mm (weak), 4.97 mm (moderate), and 12.87 mm (strong), respectively ethyl acetate extract with a concentration of 5%, 25%, and 50% showed average diameter inhibition of 2.00 mm (weak), 5.72 mm (moderate), and 7.58 mm (moderate), whereas in ethanol extract were 0.47 mm (weak), 2.58 mm (weak), and 4.35 mm (weak), repectively. The clear zone areas in negative and positive control were 0.00 mm 20.00 mm, respectively. Malacca leaf extract possess inhibitory property against the growth of the Salmonella sp.

In Vitro Tracing of Cytotoxic Compounds in Jarak Cina Stem Bark (Jatropha Multifida Linn.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sista Werdyani ◽  
Annisa Fitria ◽  
Sari Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Jatropha Multifida ◽  
Mcf 7

Cancer remains one of the diseases with increasing number of sufferers, but research on compounds that act as anti-cancer is also ongoing. Terpenoids have been known as a compound that can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. One of the medical plants that produce terpenoids is Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.). Therefore, the possibility of Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.) to have an cytotoxic activity on cancer cell proliferation is reasonably high. This study was conducted to determine the cytotoxic activity of Jarak cina (Jatropha multifida Linn.) bark extracts against cancer cell MCF-7. Jarak cina bark was extracted using the multilevel soxhlet extraction method with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as the solvents. All the three extracts were then tested against MCF-7 cancer cells using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) - 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. Data analysis was performed for IC50 (ppm) parameter. The results showed that the IC50 of n-hexane extract was 313.21 ppm, while the ethyl acetate extract reached 258.38 ppm of IC50, and the IC50 of ethanol extract was 418.51 ppm. The highest potential of cytotoxicity was found in the ethyl acetate extract, so further testing would be required to optimize the proliferation inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Few Medicinal Plants against Clinically Isolated Human Cariogenic Pathogens—An In Vitro Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Shyla Jebashree ◽  
S. Jayasurya Kingsley ◽  
Emmanuel S. Sathish ◽  
D. Devapriya
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Terminalia Chebula ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Mimusops Elengi

Hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and methanol extracts of Psidium guajava, Terminalia chebula, Mimusops elengi and Achyranthes aspera were tested against the dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans and fungus Candida albicans isolated from caries infected patients. All the four extracts of P. guajava showed activity against both S. mutans and C. albicans. Maximum zone of inhibition was observed in ethyl acetate of P. guajava. The four extracts of T. chebula and M. elengi showed antibacterial activity against S. mutans. M. elengi extracts and ethanol extract of T. chebula did not show any antifungal activity against C. albicans. Except for the hexane extract of A. aspera, the other three extracts showed activity against the tested microbes. The ethyl acetate P. guajava leaf extract showed the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against S. mutans to be <0.076 mg/mL in both MHB and BHI. The P. guajava ethyl acetate extract was subjected to GC-MS.

Inhibitory effect of Torilis anthriscus on growth of microorganisms

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olgica Stefanovic ◽  
Dragana Stanojevic ◽  
Ljiljana Comic
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities

AbstractAntibacterial and antifungal activities of aqueous, ethanol and ethyl acetate extract of Torilis anthriscus (L.) Gmel. (Apiaceae) were tested in vitro against ten species of bacteria and five of fungi. Antimicrobial properties were determined by disk diffusion and broth tube dilution method. In the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the ethanol extract showed the highest activity, followed by the ethyl acetate extract and the aqueous extract against bacterial species, while the extracts were inactive against the tested fungi species. The most active extract was chosen to examine the effects of its combinations with commercial antibiotics by checkerboard method. The obtained results showed that the interactions between ethanol extract/streptomycin and ethanol extract/chloramphenicol were additive and indifferent against the tested human-pathogenic bacteria. Synergism and antagonism were not observed.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Green Grass Jelly Leaf Extract (Cyclea barbata Miers.) In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafid Rasyiid ◽  
Rendi Mahadi ◽  
Krisnanda Surya Dharma ◽  
Lindia Anggraini ◽  
Rahma Nurdiyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. The treated macrophage was then challenged for their phagocytic activity to latex beads. The antioxidant activity was done using 1,1-diphenil-2-picrilhydrazil (DPPH) with spectrophotometry technique. All treatments were done with three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytic activity followed with chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetat extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the extract with the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol with similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.

scholarly journals Antileishmanial and cytotoxic activities of four Andean plant extracts from Colombia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2178-2182
Author(s):  
Wilson Cardona-G ◽  
Sara Robledo ◽  
Fernando Alzate ◽  
Andrés F. Yepes ◽  
Cristian Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Leishmania Panamensis ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Background and Aim: Licania salicifolia (L.S) Cuatrec., Persea ferruginea (P.F) Kunth, Oreopanax floribundus (O.F), and Psychotria buchtienii (P.B) belong to the families Chrysobalanaceae, Lauraceae, Araliaceae, and Rubiaceae, respectively, which have been used as medicines by communities in the Andes. This study evaluated the leishmanicidal and cytotoxic activities of alcohol and non-alcohol extracts from four Andean plant extracts (L.S, O.F, P.F, and P.B). Materials and Methods: Extracts were obtained by percolation with solvents of different polarities – hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Phytochemical screening was conducted based on reported methods. All products were evaluated in vitro to determine the leishmanicidal activity against amastigotes of Leishmania panamensis and cytotoxicity against U937 cells. Results: Flavonoids, triterpenes, and tannins were the main secondary metabolites found. From the results, dichloromethane extracts from O.F and P.B, ethanol extract from P.B, and ethyl acetate extracts of all plants were active, with EC50 <30 μg/mL. Ethyl acetate was the most active extract, which showed EC50 values of 9.8, 14.1, 23.7, and 25.5 μg/mL, for L.S, P.B, O.F, and P.F, respectively. Hexane extracts from P.B and O.F exhibited moderate activity with EC50 values of 84.8 and 87.4 μg/mL, respectively. Hexane and ethanol extracts from O.F, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts from L.S, and all extracts from P.F were not toxic. Alternatively, hexane and dichloromethane extracts from L.S and P.B as well as dichloromethane and ethyl acetate extracts from O.F displayed high toxicity. Conclusion: Based on the activity we observed, ethyl acetate extract can continue in its usage in the search for new antileishmanial drugs, mainly ethyl acetate extract from L.S showed activity comparable to meglumine antimoniate and was not cytotoxic.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE AND ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
GANESH N SHARMA ◽  
HARJINDER KAUR ◽  
BIRENDRA SHRIVASTAVA ◽  
SATISH CHANDER ARORA
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
World Health ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antioxidant Activity

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity of (EA and E) ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of (CM) Callicarpa macrophylla. Methods: The physiochemical parameters were assessed according to guidelines given by the world health organization. The total content of phenols and flavonoids was assessed by Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods. In vitro, antioxidant activity was screened by (DPPH) 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl and(H2O2) hydrogen peroxide scavenging and reducing power assay. Results: The physicochemical parameters fulfilled the standards of WHO guidelines. Total phenol and flavonoid content were more in ethanol extract as compared to ethyl acetate extract of CM. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was further high as compared to ethyl acetate extract of Callicarpa macrophylla. The IC50 of Callicarpa macrophylla ethanol extract was less than the ethyl acetate extract. So, more antioxidant activity of ethanol extract compared to ethyl acetate extract of CM. Conclusion: Overall, both the extracts showed antioxidant activity and can be used further for diseases that can be managed using antioxidants. Ethanol extract possessed significant antioxidant effects than the ethyl acetate extract.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTINEPHROLITHIASIS EFFECT OF BREADFRUIT (ARTOCARPUS ALTILIS (PARK) FOSBERG) LEAF EXTRACT BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Effendy De Lux Putra ◽  
Nahitma Ginting ◽  
Nahitma Ginting ◽  
Nazliniwaty Nazliniwaty ◽  
Nazliniwaty Nazliniwaty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Extract Solution

 Objective: The objective of this study is to observe the solubility calcium oxalate as a prototype of kidney stone in breadfruit leaf extract solution (n-hexane extract solution, ethyl acetate extract solution, and ethanol extract solution) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Methods: Research was conducted qualitatively to analyze calcium oxalate solubility in breadfruit leaf extract solution. The solubility of calcium was known by measuring the levels of calcium in extract solution before and after incubation with calcium oxalate. Potassium as a factor that can enhance the solubility of calcium oxalate also measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results: The higher concentration of extract solution used in incubation with calciumoxalate, the higher dissolving activity of calcium oxalate. The highest activity was found in ethyl acetate extract to dissolve calcium oxalate. Potassium has a small effect on the activity of dissolving calcium oxalate. Activity may be due to the phytochemical content present in the ethyl acetate extract.Conclusion: Ethyl acetate extract solution has the highest activity to dissolve calcium compared to n-hexane extract and ethanol extract solution.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Activity of Green Grass Jelly Leaf Extract (Cyclea barbata Miers.) In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rendi Mahadi ◽  
Mustafid Rasyiid ◽  
Krisnanda Surya Dharma ◽  
Lindia Anggraini ◽  
Rahma Nurdiyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

Green grass jelly (Cyclea barbata Miers.) is known for its benefit to human health especially in supporting body’s immune system and wellness. This research aimed to determine immunomodulatory and antioxidant activity of green grass jelly leaf extracts in vitro. Old leaves were collected as sample then dried and ground to powder. The extraction was done with sohxletation using three different solvents, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. The immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by treating the crude extracts at concentrations of 50, 100, and 500 mg/mL on macrophages of rat in vitro. Macrophage cells separated form peritoneal fluid used RPMI medium. Phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis capacity of macrophages were performed in vitro using latex beads that suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). The antioxidant activity was measured by spectrophotometry technique with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) solution. All treatments were done three replicates. Detection of the bioactive groups of the extracts was done by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest phagocytosis activity followed by chloroform extract and ethanol extract, respectively. Optimum concentration was reached at 100 mg/mL of ethyl acetate extract. The ethyl acetate extract was also the highest antioxidant activity index 7.7 followed by both extracts of chloroform and ethanol similar index value of 6.25 and 6.3, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract has a high immunomodulatory activity and antioxidant activity which contained phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids.

In-vitro bactericidal activity of a novel plant source Plumeria pudica against some human and fish pathogenic bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhaisi Das ◽  
Sunanda Burman ◽  
Goutam Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Aldehyde Groups

Background: The only remedy for up surging problem of antibiotic resistance is the discovery of antibacterial agents of natural origin. Objective: The present study was aimed at finding antibacterial potential of crude and solvent extracts of mature leaves of Plumeria pudica. Methods: Antibacterial activity of three different solvent extracts were evaluated in four human and four fish pathogenic bacteria by measuring the zone of inhibition and determining Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration values. Standard antibiotics were used as positive control. Preliminary phytochemical screening of most effective extract i.e., ethyl acetate extract, Fourier Transform Infra Red analysis and GC-MS analysis of the Thin Layer Chromatographic (TLC) fraction of ethyl acetate extract were done meticulously. All experiments were done thrice and analyzed statistically. Results: Crude leaf extracts and solvent extracts caused good inhibition of bacterial growth in all selected bacteria. Ethyl acetate extract showed highest inhibition zones in all tested strains with maximum inhibition (19.50±0.29 mm) in Escherichia coli (MTCC 739). MBC/MIC of the extracts indicated that all three solvent extracts were bactericidal. Preliminary phytochemical tests revealed the presence of tannins, steroids and alkaloids and FT-IR analysis revealed presence of many functional groups namely alcoholic, amide, amine salt and aldehyde groups. From the GC-MS analysis of TLC fraction of ethyl acetate extract five different bioactive compounds e.g., 2,4-ditert –butylphenyl 5-hydroxypentanoate, Oxalic acid; allyl nonyl ester, 7,9-Ditert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, Dibutyl phthalate and 2,3,5,8-tetramethyl-decane were identified. Conclusion: Leaf extracts of P. pudica contain bioactive compounds that can be used as broad spectrum bactericidal agent.

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