scholarly journals ANTIHEPATOTOXIC POTENTIALITY OF 2-3-6 TRIMETHYLOCT-6-ENAL AGAINST PARACETAMOL INDUCED LIVER DYSFUNCTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Suparna Datta ◽  
Manabendra Dutta Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Protective Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase

Objective: We investigated the liver protective activity of 2-3-6 trimethyloct-6-enal from the methanol extract of Pajanelia longifolia (Willd.) K. Schuman. The liver protective activity of 2,3,6 trimethyloct-6-enal was evaluated against paracetamol (2 mg/kg body weight per orally) induced liver toxicity in swiss albino mice.Methods: Considering the Spectral data (IR spectrum, 1HNMR spectrum and 13C NMR spectrum) the predictable structure of 2,3,6 trimethyloct-6-enal was elucidated. To study the liver protective activity of the compound, Swiss albino mice of either sex were divided into six groups and treated for 5 d. Group I and II served as normal and toxic control, Group III were treated with Silymarin as a standard drug (50 mg/kg), and Group IV to VI was treated with 2-3-6 trimethyloct-6-enal at the dose of 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg and 250 mg/kg b.w. p. o. respectively. The liver protective activity of the compound was measured on biochemical parameters such as aspertate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB), triglycerides (TGL), total cholesterol (TC) and protein. Further antioxidant activity of the compound was also measured on antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic levels such as reduced glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)).Results: The study revealed that the compound has protective activity at the dose of 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg b.w. p. o. against paracetamol induced toxicity. In some biochemical parameters such as aspartate amino transferase and bilirubin, the compound has showed better result at a dose of 150 mg/kg compared to standard drug silymarin (value of aspartate amino transferase (compound) =71.10±0.12, (toxic) = 173.43±1.21, (silymarin) =79.86±0.02and total bilirubin (compound) = 1.04±0.11), (toxic) = 2.69±0.02, (silymarin) ==1.11±0.01. The findings were also confirmed by histopathological observations.Conclusion: 2,3,6 trimethyloct-6-enal from Pajanelia longifolia may be considered as a potent liver protective agent.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

scholarly journals Pharmacological Evaluation of Chrozophora tinctoria as Wound Healing Potential in Diabetic Rat’s Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harikesh Maurya ◽  
Monika Semwal ◽  
Susheel Kumar Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elevated Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

Objective. The study was designed to evaluate pharmacological potential of hydroalcoholic leaves extract of Chrozophora tinctoria intended for wound healing in diabetic rats’ model. Methods. The method used to evaluate the pharmacological potential of hydroalcoholic leave extract was physical incision rat model. In this model, cutting of the skin and/or other tissues with a sharp blade has been made and the rapid disruption of tissue integrity with minimal collateral damage was observed shortly. Animals used in the study were divided into four groups that consist of six animals in each group. Group I serves as normal control, Group II serves as disease control, Group III was used as standard treatment (Povidone iodine 50 mg/kg b.w.), and Group IV was used for test drug (C. tinctoria 50 mg/kg b.w.). Result. The hydroalcoholic leave extract of Chrozophora tinctoria has been significantly observed to heal the wound (98%) in diabetic rats within 21 days, while standard drug (Povidone iodine) healed the wound about 95% in the same condition. The oral dose (50 mg/kg b.w.) of Chrozophora tinctoria was also found to improve the elevated blood glucose level in comparison to disease control group, which increased after the oral administration of Streptozotocin. Conclusion. The Chrozophora tinctoria has significant wound healing potential in the animal having physically damaged tissue in diabetic condition.

Pharmacological Evaluation of Anti-ulcer Activity of Caesalpinia crista in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 3772-3779
Author(s):  
Kintu Patel ◽  
Bhagyabhumi Patel ◽  
Alkesh Patel ◽  
Samir Shah
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Free Acidity ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

In present study, we evaluated the antiulcer activity of the herbal preparation of Caesalpinia crista in rat models.  Experimental animals were divided into four groups. Rats of group I (disease control) treated with normal saline only, group II (standard group) treated with Omeprazole (2 mg/ kg; p.o.), group III and IV served as test groups and were treated with Caesalpinia crista extract (CE) in the dose of 250 mg/ kg and 500 mg/ kg orally respectively. Peptic ulcer was induced by ligating the pyloric portion of rat stomach and was done 45 min after the respective treatment. After 4 hour of pylorus ligation, rats were sacrificed. Parameters like ulcer index, percent ulcer protection, total and free acidity were estimated for evaluation of anti-ulcer activity. Histopathological evaluation was also performed. The aqueous extract of Caesalpinia crista seeds reduced the volume of gastric juice, free acidity, total acidity and ulcer index. It increased the pH of the gastric acid. Histopathology of the rat stomach revealed the presence of lesions and infiltration of inflammatory cells in control group. Moreover, animals treated with test drug and standard drug did not reveal any microscopic lesions. These findings suggest that Caesalpinia crista seeds may have anti-secretory and anti-ulcer activity and may be helpful for ulcer therapy. 

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and diuretic activity of Euphorbia granulata

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Saleem ◽  
Irshad Ahmad ◽  
M. Shoaib Ali Gill
Keyword(s):  
Reference Group ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Diuretic Agent

<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate diuretic activity of aqueous methanolic extract of <em>Euphorbia granulate</em> in rats. Albino rats were divided into five groups. Group I served as reference, Group II as standard and Group III, IV and V served as test. The three doses of extract (30, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were given to rats (i.p) in acute diuretic model. Furosemide (10 mg/kg i.p) was used as standard drug. The extract induced diuretic effects and induced electrolytes excretion in a dose-dependent manner when compared with control. The extract (100 and 50 mg/kg) significantly (p&lt;0.01) increased the volume of urine in comparison to control group. Similarly, the excretion of potassium and sodium were also significantly (p&lt;0.05) increased following extract administration. However, there was no significant change in the pH of urine samples of the extract-treated group compared with control. The result of this study thus offers support to the traditional folker use of this plant as a diuretic agent.</p><p> </p>

Investigation of polyphenol profile, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of Aconogonon alpinum (All.) Schur roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 516-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakryya Khan ◽  
Muhammad Imran Shabbir ◽  
Zafeer Saqib ◽  
Syed Aneel Gilani ◽  
Naqeeb Ullah Jogezai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Polyphenol Profile

AbstractLiver plays vital role in detoxification of exogenous and endogenous chemicals. These chemicals as well as oxidative stress may cause liver disorders. This study was aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of various fractions of Aconogonon alpinum methanolic extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in mice. First, hepatoprotective potential of various fractions of A. alpinum was assessed and then antioxidant activity and profiling of polyphenolic compounds were assessed. A total of 78 male albino mice (BALB/c) were randomly divided into 13 groups (n = 6); Group I (normal control), Group II (CCl4 only), Group III (CCl4 + silymarin 100 mg/kg) and Groups IV–XIII (CCl4 + various fractions [200 and 400 mg/kg]). Hepatic biochemistry and liver injury were assessed by analysis of serum levels of hepatic enzymes and histopathological analysis, respectively. Results showed that polar fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol and aqueous fractions) exhibited highly significant (P < 0.01) reduction in increased level of liver biochemical parameters in a dose-dependent manner with consistent histopathological findings. Likewise, these fractions revealed strong antioxidant potential and polyphenolic compound contents. In conclusion, the present work has revealed promising antioxidant activity, polyphenolic profiling and potential hepatoprotective efficacy. Thus, the significant results unveil the study as a step forward towards evidence-based phytomedicine.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effect of Pancha Lavana Dravagam Against Paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats - An in-Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
G. Kaaruniya ◽  
A. Mariappan ◽  
V. Suba ◽  
R. Meenakumari
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Glutamate

Objective: To evaluate the liver protective effect of Pancha Lavana Dravagam (PLD) against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in wistar albino rat models. Methods: The hepatoprotective activity of PLD was evaluated using paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups of six animals each. Paracetamol 1gm/kg bw, p.o. was given to produce liver toxicity. The normal control was given the vehicle (water 1ml/kg bw, p.o). Two test groups with PLD 1ml/kg, 2ml/kg bw, p.o. were tested for hepatoprotective potential. Silymarin 50mg/kg bw, p.o. was given as standard drug. All these drugs were administered for 7 days. On 8th day, the animals were sacrificed and blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus and analyzed for serum enzymes like Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Alanine Phosphate (ALP), Total Bilirubin, Total Proteins and liver was excised for histopathological analysis. Results: In toxicant control group, paracetamol produced liver toxicity due to decrease in glutathione (GSH) by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of hepatic cells. It resulted in an increase of serum liver enzymes like SGPT, SGOT, ALP and Total Bilirubin. This increased serum liver enzymes were reduced significantly in the test drug PLD treated groups and Standard group. The histology of liver tissues was also improved in PLD treated groups when compared to the toxicant group. Conclusion: Since, no scientific evidence is available to claim the hepatoprotective effect of PLD, in vivo studies were conducted. It demonstrated that it has a potent hepatoprotective effect against the paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by suppression of the reactive oxygen species and increasing the anti-oxidant glutathione in liver cells.

scholarly journals Detoxification processes in the cows fed nickel citrate supplement at late pregnancy and first months of lactation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
O. I. Koleschuk ◽  
◽  
I. I. Kovalchuk ◽  
M. M. Tsap ◽  
M. M. Khomyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Conjugated Compounds ◽  
Experimental Group

The article presents experimental data on the effect of nickel citrate obtained using nanotechnology on the biochemical parameters of cows’ blood. The animals were divided into 3 groups. Group I was the control one. The animals of the II and III experimental groups received a feed additive of nickel citrate in the amount of 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg of dry matter of the diet daily during the ninth month of lactation and the first two months after calving. It was found that the addition of both doses of nickel citrate to the transition cows diet contributed to positive changes in some biochemical parameters. A decrease in the content of lipid hydroperoxides, TBA-active products, as well as phenolic compounds was revealed. It should be noted that supplementation cows with nickel citrate in the first month after calving led to a significant increase in the content of lipid hydroperoxides by 15.1% in the third experimental group (P<0.01) against decrease in the level of TBARS by 14.8% compared with the control group (P<0.05). Feeding cows of nickel citrate in the amount of 0.1 mg/kg of dry matter stimulated the binding of free phenols and increased the concentration of their conjugated compounds, particularly phenolglucuronides, in the blood of animals of experimental group II by 20.2% (P<0.05). Instead, the use of nickel citrate in the amount of 0.3 mg/kg of dry matter contributed to a more pronounced activation of detoxification function with increasing concentrations of phenolsulfates and phenolglucuronides in the blood of animals of experimental group III compared with animals of control group by 23.1 and 21.2% (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Ameliorating Effects of Fenugreek Seeds Powder against Hematotoxicity Induced by Aluminum Chloride in Male Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Azab Azab
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Background: Humans are exposed to aluminum from the mouth, nose and epidermal route inducing toxic effects. Accumulation of aluminum has been associated with a variety of pathologies such as anemia, osteodystrophy, joint diseases, muscular weakness, and Alzheimer’s diseases Fenugreek extracts have been shown to be neutralizing of free radicals and enhancing antioxidant status. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds against hematotoxicity induced by Aluminum chloride in male rabbits. Materials and Methods: This study included twenty-four adult male rabbits, which were divided into 4 groups, 6 rabbits for each. Group I (control group): Animals were provided with tap water and fed with a normal diet for 30 days. Group II (Fenugreek seeds powder group): Fenugreek seeds powder was given to rabbits in food at a dose of 10 g per kilogram of diet weight/kg of body weight/day for 30 Days. Group III (Aluminum chloride (ALCl3) group): Rabbits were treated orally with 150 mg/kg BW of AlCl3/day for 30 consecutive days. Group IV (Aluminum chloride/fenugreek co-administered group): Fenugreek seeds flour was added at a rate of 10 g per kilogram of diet weight, and rabbits were treated orally with 150 mg/kg BW of AlCl3/day for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment and 24 hours after the last dose, all animals were anesthetized with ether and blood samples were collected by heart puncture. Results: The results of the study showed that the treatment of male rabbits with aluminum chloride resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.01) in RBCs count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCV, MCH, and MCHC as compared to the control group. While there was a significant increase (P<0.01) in WBCs count, lymphocytes, and monocytes percentages and a significant decrease in granulocyte percentage when compared with the control group. Co-administration of fenugreek seeds powder and AlCl3 significantly improved all haematological parameters. Conclusion: The results showed that the administration of rabbits with aluminum chloride caused a hematotoxicity, and co-administration of fenugreek seeds powder with AlCl3 alleviate the hematotoxicity induced by AlCl3. The use of fenugreek seeds powder by humans can be considered beneficial in the alleviation of hematotoxicity. It is recommended that humans exposed to AlCl3 should be advised to take fenugreek seeds powder as a rich source of antioxidants to prevent hematotoxicity induced by AlCl3. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanism of the anti-hematotoxic effect of Fenugreek seeds powder and the potential usefulness of fenugreek seeds powder as a protective agent against AlCl3 induced hematotoxicity in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Ameliorating Effects of Fenugreek Seeds Powder against Hematotoxicity Induced by Aluminum Chloride in Male Rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Azab Elsayed Azab ◽  
Munira Ammar Algridi
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Background: Humans are exposed to aluminum from the mouth, nose and epidermal route inducing toxic effects. Accumulation of aluminum has been associated with a variety of pathologies such as anemia, osteodystrophy, joint diseases, muscular weakness, and Alzheimer’s diseases Fenugreek extracts have been shown to be neutralizing of free radicals and enhancing antioxidant status. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of fenugreek seeds against hematotoxicity induced by Aluminum chloride in male rabbits. Materials and Methods: This study included twenty-four adult male rabbits, which were divided into 4 groups, 6 rabbits for each. Group I (control group): Animals were provided with tap water and fed with a normal diet for 30 days. Group II (Fenugreek seeds powder group): Fenugreek seeds powder was given to rabbits in food at a dose of 10 g per kilogram of diet weight/kg of body weight/day for 30 Days. Group III (Aluminum chloride (ALCl3) group): Rabbits were treated orally with 150 mg/kg BW of AlCl3/day for 30 consecutive days. Group IV (Aluminum chloride/fenugreek co-administered group): Fenugreek seeds flour was added at a rate of 10 g per kilogram of diet weight, and rabbits were treated orally with 150 mg/kg BW of AlCl3/day for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the experiment and 24 hours after the last dose, all animals were anesthetized with ether and blood samples were collected by heart puncture. Results: The results of the study showed that the treatment of male rabbits with aluminum chloride resulted in a significant decrease (P<0.01) in RBCs count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, MCV, MCH, and MCHC as compared to the control group. While there was a significant increase (P<0.01) in WBCs count, lymphocytes, and monocytes percentages and a significant decrease in granulocyte percentage when compared with the control group. Co-administration of fenugreek seeds powder and AlCl3 significantly improved all haematological parameters. Conclusion: The results showed that the administration of rabbits with aluminum chloride caused a hematotoxicity, and co-administration of fenugreek seeds powder with AlCl3 alleviate the hematotoxicity induced by AlCl3. The use of fenugreek seeds powder by humans can be considered beneficial in the alleviation of hematotoxicity. It is recommended that humans exposed to AlCl3 should be advised to take fenugreek seeds powder as a rich source of antioxidants to prevent hematotoxicity induced by AlCl3. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the exact mechanism of the anti-hematotoxic effect of Fenugreek seeds powder and the potential usefulness of fenugreek seeds powder as a protective agent against AlCl3 induced hematotoxicity in clinical trials.

The Quantitative Ultrastructure of the Heart Muscle of Japanese Quail by Hypergravitation, Hypodynamy and Combination

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Anton Bózner ◽  
Mikuláš Gažo ◽  
Jozef Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Ultrastructure

It is anticipated that Japanese quail /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ will provide animal proteins in long term space flights. Consequently this species of birds is of research interest of international space program INTERCOSMOS. In the year 1987 we reported on an experiment /2/ in which the effect of chronic acceleration of 2 G hypergravitation, the hypodynamy and the simultaneous effect of chronic acceleration and the location in the centre of the turntable of the centrifuge on the protein fractions in skeletal muscles was studied. The ultrastructure of the heart muscle was now in this experiments examined as well.Japanese quail cockerels, aged 48 days were exposed to 2 G hypergravitation /group IV/ in a 6,4 m diameter centrifuge, to hypodynamy /group III/ and their combination /group V/, respectively for 6 days / Fig.1/. The hypodynamy in group III was achieved by suspending the birds in jackets without contact the floor. The group II was located in the centre ofthe turntable of the centrifuge. The control group I. was kept under normal conditions. The quantitative ultrastructure of myocard was evaluated by the methods of Weibel/3/ - this enables to determine the number, relative size and volume of mitochondria volume of single mitochondria, defficiency of mitochondrial cristae and volume of myofibrils.

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