Correlation of gut microbial compositions to the development of Kawasaki disease vasculitis in children

Aim: Here, we hypothesize that dysbiotic gut microbiota might contribute to the development of Kawasaki disease (KD), a pediatric disease with unknown etiology. This is the second report on gut microbiota composition in KD patients. Materials & results: 16S amplicon sequencing was performed on fecal DNA samples and revealed predominance of bacterial pathogens, such as Fusobacterium, Neisseria, Shigella and Streptococcus, in the gut of KD patients, but absent or suppressed after immunoglobulin/antibiotics therapy. In addition, beneficial bacteria propagated after the therapy. Conclusion: We conclude that prevalence of Fusobacteria, Shigella and Streptococcus might contribute to KD pathogenesis.

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Changes in the gut microbiota of morbidly obese patients after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Future Microbiology ◽

10.2217/fmb-2021-0043 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alev Kural ◽

Imran Khan ◽

Hakan Seyit ◽

Tuba R Caglar ◽

Pınar Toklu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Before And After ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Aims: Permanent treatment of morbid obesity with medication or diet is nearly impossible. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is becoming a widely accepted treatment option. This study profiled and compared gut microbiota composition before and after LSG. Methods & results: A total of 54 stool samples were collected from 27 morbidly obese individuals before and after LSG. The gut microbiota was profiled with 16S amplicon sequencing. After LSG, patients demonstrated a significant decrease (p < 0.001) in BMI and an increase in bacterial diversity. An increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was also noticed after LSG. The families Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae predominated in preoperative samples but were markedly lowered after LSG. A marked increase in Akkermansia, Alistipes, Streptococcus, Ruminococcus and Parabacteroides was observed after LSG. Conclusion: In addition to lowering BMI, LSG remodeled gut microbiota composition.

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Comparative Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Composition Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Patients

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes10100748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 748 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jin-Young Lee ◽

Mohamed Mannaa ◽

Yunkyung Kim ◽

Jehun Kim ◽

Geun-Tae Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Stool Samples ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

The aim of this study was to investigate differences between the gut microbiota composition in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and those with osteoarthritis (OA). Stool samples from nine RA patients and nine OA patients were collected, and DNA was extracted. The gut microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The structures and differences in the gut microbiome between RA and OA were analyzed. The analysis of diversity revealed no differences in the complexity of samples. The RA group had a lower Bacteroidetes: Firmicutes ratio than did the OA group. Lactobacilli and Prevotella, particularly Prevotella copri, were more abundant in the RA than in the OA group, although these differences were not statistically significant. The relative abundance of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium was lower in the RA group. At the species level, the abundance of certain bacterial species was significantly lower in the RA group, such as Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, Dialister invisus, Clostridium leptum, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, Anaerotruncus colihominis, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Harryflintia acetispora, Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Christensenella minuta. The microbial properties of the gut differed between RA and OA patients, and the RA dysbiosis revealed results similar to those of other autoimmune diseases, suggesting that a specific gut microbiota pattern is related to autoimmunity.

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Metformin induces weight loss associated with gut microbiota alteration in non-diabetic obese women: a randomized double-blind clinical trial

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-18-0826 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 180 (3) ◽

pp. 165-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed ◽

Raul Y Tito ◽

Seyed-Davar Siadat ◽

Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar ◽

Zahra Hoseini-Tavassol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Pharmacological Therapy ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Obese Women ◽

Double Blind ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Objective The increasing prevalence of obesity over the past few decades constitutes a global health challenge. Pharmacological therapy is recommended to accompany life-style modification for obesity management. Here, we perform a clinical trial to investigate the effects of metformin on anthropometric indices and gut microbiota composition in non-diabetic, treatment-naive obese women with a low-calorie diet (LCD). Design Randomized double-blind parallel-group clinical trial Methods Forty-six obese women were randomly assigned to the metformin (500 mg/tab) or placebo groups using computer-generated random numbers. Subjects in both groups took two tablets per day for 2 months. Anthropometric measurements and collection of blood and fecal samples were done at the baseline and at the end of the trial. Gut microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results Twenty-four and twenty-two subjects were included in the metformin + LCD and placebo + LCD groups, respectively; at the end of trial, 20 and 16 subjects were analyzed. The metformin + LCD and placebo + LCD caused a 4.5 and 2.6% decrease in BMI from the baseline values, respectively (P < 0.01). Insulin concentration decreased in the metformin + LCD group (P = 0.046). The overall fecal microbiota composition and diversity were unaffected in the metformin + LCD group. However, a significant specific increase in Escherichia/Shigella abundance was observed after metformin + LCD intervention (P = 0.026). Fecal acetate concentration, but not producers, was significantly higher in the placebo + LCD group, adjusted for baseline values and BMI (P = 0.002). Conclusions Despite the weight reduction after metformin intake, the overall fecal microbiota composition remained largely unchanged in obese women, with exception of changes in specific proteobacterial groups.

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Physical activity and gut microbiota: a cross-sectional study

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa166.413 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

F Gallè ◽

F Valeriani ◽

M Antinozzi ◽

R Liguori ◽

G Gianfranceschi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background The composition of gut microbiota, and in particular the intestinal abundance of the two main bacterial phyla of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, are associated with human health and diseases and may be conditioned by host and environmental factors such as age, gender and diet. The role of Physical Activity (PA) in determining gut microbiota composition has not been yet completely clarified. A cross-sectional study involving undergraduates from two Italian cities is ongoing to explore this relationship. Methods Students were invited to provide a fecal sample and to complete the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) in order to define their habitual PA level (inactive, minimally active, health enhancing physical activity -HEPA- active). Demographic and anthropometric information were also collected. DNA from fecal samples was analyzed through the 16S amplicon sequencing. Microbial composition and variability of the samples were evaluated on the light of participants' PA levels. Results A total of 153 students (47.7% males, mean age 22.4±2.9, mean BMI 22.3±2.7) participated to the study so far. Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the main represented phyla. An increase in Firmicutes (58.3±16 to 61.4±13.3, p = 0.68) and a reduction in Bacteroidetes (32.6±14.8 to 30.3±11.4, p = 0.51) have been registered with the increase of PA level. A higher variability (expressed as Shannon α-index) has been detected in minimally active (3.39±0.03) and HEPA-active (3.41±0) individuals respect to inactive subjects (3.35±0.07) (p = 0.05). Conclusions Even if they are not significant, these preliminary results suggest a relationship between PA levels and gut microbiota composition. An active lifestyle seems to be associated with a greater microbial diversity in the gut. Further researches are needed to explain these findings. Key messages Physical activity seems to be associated with gut microbiota composition. A greater variability in gut microbiota was found in active people.

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Can Physical Activity Influence Human Gut Microbiota Composition Independently of Diet? A Systematic Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1890

Author(s):

Barbara Dorelli ◽

Francesca Gallè ◽

Corrado De Vito ◽

Guglielmo Duranti ◽

Matteo Iachini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Human Gut ◽

Exercise Interventions ◽

Human Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽

New Perspective ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Evidence suggests that physical activity (PA) influences the human gut microbiota composition, but its role is unclear because of dietary interference. The aim of this review is to clarify this issue from this new perspective in healthy individuals. Articles analyzing intestinal microbiota from fecal samples by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were selected by searching the electronic databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until December 2020. For each study, methodological quality was assessed, and results about microbiota biodiversity indices, phylum and genus composition, and information on PA and diet were considered. From 997 potentially relevant articles, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Five studies involved athletes, three were performed on active people classified on the basis of habitual PA level, and two among sedentary subjects undergoing exercise interventions. The majority of the studies reported higher variability and prevalence of the phylum Firmicutes (genera Ruminococcaceae or Fecalibacteria) in active compared to inactive individuals, especially in athletes. The assessment of diet as a possible confounder of PA/exercise effects was completed only in four studies. They reported a similar abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Paraprevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Veillonellaceae, which are involved in metabolic, protective, structural, and histological functions. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

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Exploring the resident gut microbiota of stranded odontocetes: high similarities between two dolphin species Tursiops truncatus and Stenella coeruleoalba

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315420000983 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 100 (7) ◽

pp. 1181-1188

Author(s):

Khaled F. A. Abdelrhman ◽

Alice Ciofini ◽

Giovanni Bacci ◽

Cecilia Mancusi ◽

Alessio Mengoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Tursiops Truncatus ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Cetacean Species ◽

Stenella Coeruleoalba ◽

Interspecific Differences ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractThe evaluation of symbiotic microbial communities occurring in the intestinal tract of animals has received great interest in recent years. However, little is known about gut microbial communities in cetaceans, despite their relevance in the ecology of marine communities. Here, we report an investigation using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the resident gut microbiota of the two cetacean species Stenella coeruleoalba and Tursiops truncatus by sampling intestinal mucosa from specimens retrieved stranded along the Tyrrhenian coast of Tuscany (Italy). We found an abundance of members from Clostridiaceae and Fusobacteriaceae, which in total accounted for more than 50% of reads, in agreement with gut microbiota composition of other carnivorous mammals. Probably due to the limited number of samples available, sex, preservation status and also species, did not correlate with overall differences in the microbiota. Indeed, a high similarity of the taxonomic (family-level) composition between the gut microbiota of the two species was found. However, Pedobacter spp. was found abundant in amplicon sequencing libraries from S. coeruleoalba, while clostridia were more abundant from T. truncatus samples. Our results shed some light on the gut microbiota composition of two dolphin (S. coeruleoalba and T. truncatus) species, with specimens collected in the wild. Studies with a larger number of individuals are now needed to confirm these first results and evaluate the interspecific differences in relation to sex and age.

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The Bacterial Gut Microbiota of Adult Patients Infected, Colonized or Noncolonized by Clostridioides difficile

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8050677 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 677 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Monique J. T. Crobach ◽

Quinten R. Ducarmon ◽

Elisabeth M. Terveer ◽

Celine Harmanus ◽

Ingrid M. J. G. Sanders ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Clostridioides Difficile ◽

Bacterial Microbiota ◽

Differential Abundance Analysis ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition ◽

Eubacterium Hallii

Gut microbiota composition in patients with Clostridioides difficile colonization is not well investigated. We aimed to identify bacterial signatures associated with resistance and susceptibility to C. difficile colonization (CDC) and infection (CDI). Therefore, gut microbiota composition from patients with CDC (n = 41), with CDI (n = 41), and without CDC (controls, n = 43) was determined through 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Bacterial diversity was decreased in CDC and CDI patients (p < 0.01). Overall microbiota composition was significantly different between control, CDC, and CDI patients (p = 0.001). Relative abundance of Clostridioides (most likely C. difficile) increased stepwise from controls to CDC and CDI patients. In addition, differential abundance analysis revealed that CDI patients’ gut microbiota was characterized by significantly higher relative abundance of Bacteroides and Veillonella than CDC patients and controls. Control patients had significantly higher Eubacterium hallii and Fusicatenibacter abundance than colonized patients. Network analysis indicated that Fusicatenibacter was negatively associated with Clostridioides in CDI patients, while Veillonella was positively associated with Clostridioides in CDC patients. Bacterial microbiota diversity decreased in both CDC and CDI patients, but harbored a distinct microbiota. Eubacterium hallii and Fusicatenibacter may indicate resistance against C. difficile colonization and subsequent infection, while Veillonella may indicate susceptibility to colonization and infection by C. difficile.

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Plasma Metabolites Related to Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity Are Not Directly Linked to Gut Microbiota Composition

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12082308 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 2308

Author(s):

Annefleur M. Koopen ◽

Nicolien C. de Clercq ◽

Moritz V. Warmbrunn ◽

Hilde Herrema ◽

Mark Davids ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Plasma metabolites affect a range of metabolic functions in humans, including insulin sensitivity (IS). A subset of these plasma metabolites is modified by the gut microbiota. To identify potential microbial–metabolite pathways involved in IS, we investigated the link between plasma metabolites, gut microbiota composition, and IS, using the gold-standard for peripheral and hepatic IS measurement in a group of participants with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn). In a cross-sectional study with 115 MetSyn participants, fasting plasma samples were collected for untargeted metabolomics analysis and fecal samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. A two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed to assess peripheral and hepatic IS. Collected data were integrated and potential interdependence between metabolites, gut microbiota, and IS was analyzed using machine learning prediction models. Plasma metabolites explained 13.2% and 16.7% of variance in peripheral and hepatic IS, respectively. Fecal microbiota composition explained 4.2% of variance in peripheral IS and was not related to hepatic IS. Although metabolites could partially explain the variances in IS, the top metabolites related to peripheral and hepatic IS did not significantly correlate with gut microbiota composition (both on taxonomical level and alpha-diversity). However, all plasma metabolites could explain 18.5% of the variance in microbial alpha-diversity (Shannon); the top 20 metabolites could even explain 44.5% of gut microbial alpha-diversity. In conclusion, plasma metabolites could partially explain the variance in peripheral and hepatic IS; however, these metabolites were not directly linked to the gut microbiota composition, underscoring the intricate relation between plasma metabolites, the gut microbiota, and IS in MetSyn

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The effect of toxic pyridine-alkaloid secondary metabolites on the sunbird gut microbiome

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes ◽

10.1038/s41522-020-00161-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohanraj Gunasekaran ◽

Maya Lalzar ◽

Yehonatan Sharaby ◽

Ido Izhaki ◽

Malka Halpern

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

And Control ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractSunbirds feed on tobacco tree nectar which contains toxic nicotine and anabasine secondary metabolites. Our aim was to understand the effect of nicotine and anabasine on the gut microbiota composition of sunbirds. Sixteen captive sunbirds were randomly assigned to two diets: artificial nectar either with (treatment) or without (control) added nicotine and anabasine. Excreta were collected at 0, 2, 4 and 7 weeks of treatment and samples were processed for bacterial culture and high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The gut microbiome diversity of the treated and control birds changed differently along the seven-week experiment. While the diversity decreased in the control group along the first three samplings (0, 2 and 4 weeks), it increased in the treatment group. The microbiota composition analyses demonstrated that a diet with nicotine and anabasine, significantly changed the birds’ gut microbiota composition compared to the control birds. The abundance of nicotine- and anabasine- degrading bacteria in the excreta of the treated birds, was significantly higher after four and seven weeks compared to the control group. Furthermore, analysis of culturable isolates, including Lactococcus, showed that sunbirds’ gut-associated bacteria were capable of degrading nicotine and anabasine, consistent with their hypothesised role as detoxifying and nutritional symbionts.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of the Gut Microbiota Composition in Moscow Long-Livers

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8081162 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1162

Author(s):

Daria A. Kashtanova ◽

Nataliya S. Klimenko ◽

Irina D. Strazhesko ◽

Elizaveta V. Starikova ◽

Oksana E. Glushchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽

Low Grade ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Beneficial Bacteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

The aim was to assess the gut microbiota of long-livers from Moscow. This study included two groups of patients who signed their consent to participate. The group of long-livers (LL) included 20 participants aged 97–100 years (4 men and 16 women). The second group included 22 participants aged 60–76 years (6 men) without clinical manifestations of chronic diseases (healthy elderly). Gut microbiota was studied by 16S rRNA sequencing. Long-livers underwent a complex geriatric assessment as well as expanded blood biochemistry. Gut microbiota composition in the cohorts was also compared with microbiome in long-livers from Japan and Italy. Russian long-livers’ microbiome contained more beneficial bacteria than healthy elderly including Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, Lactobacillaceae families. Conditional pathogens like Veillonellaceae, Mogibacteriaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Peptococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae were more abundant in the healthy elderly. Compared with Italian and Japanese microbiome LL, the Russian LL appeared to be more similar to the Italian cohort. Bifidobacterium/Coprococcus and Faecalibacterium/Coprococcus balances were associated with femoral and carotid intima–media thickness, respectively. Bifidobacterium/Coriobacteriaceae balance was assessed with the folic acid level and Faecalibacterium/Coriobacteriaceae_u the with Mini Nutritional Assessment score. Long-livers’ microbiome appeared to be unexpectedly balanced. The high representation of beneficial bacteria in long-livers may prevent them from low-grade inflammation and thus protect them from the development of atherosclerosis and other aging-associated conditions.

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