scholarly journals Pulmonary metastatic melanoma: current state of diagnostic imaging and treatments

2021 ◽  
pp. MMT58
Author(s):  
Kermit S Zhang ◽  
Tomer Pelleg ◽  
Sabrina Campbell ◽  
Catalina Rubio ◽  
Anthony Lukas Loschner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Current State ◽  
Primary Lung Tumors ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer with an estimated incidence of over 160,000 cases annually and about 41,000 melanoma-related deaths per year worldwide. Malignant melanoma (MM) primarily occurs in the skin but has been described in other organs. Although the respiratory system is generally afflicted by tumors such as lung cancer, it is also rarely affected by primary MM. The estimated incidence of pulmonary MM of the lung accounts for 0.01% of all primary lung tumors. The current understanding of pulmonary MM of the lung pathophysiology and its management are not well established. We aim to survey current clinical modalities with a focus on diagnostic imaging and therapeutic intervention to guide providers in the management of patients with a high index of suspicion.

scholarly journals Case of Metastatic Malignant Melanoma Simulating Granuloma Annulare

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
Haley Danielle Heibel ◽  
Parneet Dhaliwal ◽  
Etan Marks ◽  
Clay J. Cockerell
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Granuloma Annulare ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
History Of ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

Malignant melanoma and particularly metastatic melanoma represent a diagnostic challenge due to the wide variety of histologic patterns, resemblance to benign entities, and extensive range of clinical presentations.  A high index of suspicion for melanoma is important for accurate diagnosis, especially when there is a previous history of malignancy.  Here, we present a patient with a history of melanoma and locally metastatic melanoma, who subsequently developed a nodule on his right forearm near the site of his previous melanoma excision.  Histologically, the melanoma appeared as granuloma annulare (GA) with benign cytologic features, but was identified as metastatic melanoma using SOX-10 immunohistochemical staining.  Other malignancies, including lymphomas, leukemias, sarcomas, and cutaneous metastases of internal malignancies, have mimicked GA and interstitial granulomatous processes.  Therefore, further immunohistochemical staining should be performed to assess for metastatic disease in the setting of a histological pattern that resembles a benign granulomatous process in a patient with a history of malignancy, including malignant melanoma.

scholarly journals Ipilimumab, a Promising Immunotherapy with Increased Overall Survival in Metastatic Melanoma?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérald E. Piérard ◽  
François Aubin ◽  
Philippe Humbert
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Life Threatening

Malignant melanoma (MM) is one of the most aggressive skin cancer. The therapeutic options remain limited for advanced MM, and those directed to the neoplastic cells have not brought major survival advantage so far. Immunotherapy is another targeted option. Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody directed to CTLA-4 present on cytotoxic T cells boosts immunity, particularly its anti-MM activity. Under treatment, the overall survival of patients with MM metastases is moderately but significantly increased. The immuno-related adverse effects may be severe and life threatening.

scholarly journals Systemic Photoprotection in Skin Cancer Prevention: Knowledge among Dermatologists

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Luca Fania ◽  
Francesca Sampogna ◽  
Francesco Ricci ◽  
Mariafrancesca Hyeraci ◽  
Andrea Paradisi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Skin Cancer Prevention ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Current State ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

Background: Systemic photoprotection (i.e., administration of substances such as nicotinamide, carotenoids, and vitamin D) may be important to reduce photocarcinogenesis or to support long-term protection against UV irradiation. Clinical trials showed that oral nicotinamide is effective in reducing the onset of new nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), while other oral photoprotectors failed to achieve the reduction of new melanoma or NMSC formation in humans. The aim of this study was to summarize the current state of knowledge of systemic photoprotection and to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of dermatologists regarding these treatments. Methods: The survey was conducted on a sample of dermatologists recruited according to a snowball sampling procedure. The questionnaire consisted of a first part asking for characteristics of the participant and a second part with 12 specific questions on their knowledge about systemic photoprotection, particularly their knowledge of astaxanthin, β-carotene, nicotinamide, and vitamin D3. Results: One hundred eight dermatologists answered the survey. Most of them (85.2%) stated that oral photoprotectors have a role in the prevention of skin cancer, and responses mainly mentioned nicotinamide. More than half of them (54.6%) had prescribed all the considered oral photoprotectors, but the majority of them had prescribed nicotinamide, mainly for 2 to 3 months during summer, almost invariably (n = 106) associated with topical photoprotectors. Most dermatologists (>80%) were aware of scientific publications demonstrating an effect of systemic photoprotectors on NMSC. Conclusions: Most Italian dermatologists have positive views on oral photoprotection in skin cancer and are aware of the demonstrated potential of nicotinamide in the prevention of NMSCs.

scholarly journals Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants MitoQ and MitoTEMPO Do Not Influence BRAF-Driven Malignant Melanoma and KRAS-Driven Lung Cancer Progression in Mice

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Kristell Le Gal ◽  
Clotilde Wiel ◽  
Mohamed X. Ibrahim ◽  
Marcus Henricsson ◽  
Volkan I. Sayin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Human Melanoma ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Lung Cancer Cell ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Anti Cancer

Cancer cells produce high levels of mitochondria-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage macromolecules, but also promote cell signaling and proliferation. Therefore, mitochondria-targeted antioxidants have been suggested to be useful in anti-cancer therapy, but no studies have convincingly addressed this question. Here, we administered the mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQ and MitoTEMPO to mice with BRAF-induced malignant melanoma and KRAS-induced lung cancer, and found that these compounds had no impact on the number of primary tumors and metastases; and did not influence mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage levels. Moreover, MitoQ and MitoTEMPO did not influence proliferation of human melanoma and lung cancer cell lines. MitoQ and its control substance dTPP, but not MitoTEMPO, increased glycolytic rates and reduced respiration in melanoma cells; whereas only dTPP produced this effect in lung cancer cells. Our results do not support the use of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants for anti-cancer monotherapy, at least not in malignant melanoma and lung cancer.

scholarly journals Development of an immune-related gene pairs index for the prognosis analysis of metastatic melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-zhi Huang ◽  
Min Mao ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Hai-qi Liang ◽  
Feng-ling Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Gene Pairs ◽  
Immune Related Gene

AbstractMelanoma is a skin cancer with great metastatic potential, which is responsible for the major deaths in skin cancer. Although the prognosis of melanoma patients has been improved with the comprehensive treatment, for patients with metastasis, the complexity and heterogeneity of diffuse diseases make prognosis prediction and systematic treatment difficult and ineffective. Therefore, we established a novel personalized immune-related gene pairs index (IRGPI) to predict the prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma, which was conducive to provide new insights into clinical decision-making and prognostic monitoring for metastatic melanoma. Through complex analysis and filtering, we identified 24 immune-related gene pairs to build the model and obtained the optimal cut-off value from receiver operating characteristic curves, which divided the patients into high and low immune-risk groups. Meantime, the Kaplan–Meier analysis, Cox regression analysis and subgroup analysis showed that IRGPI had excellent prognostic value. Furthermore, IRGPI was shown that was closely associated with immune system in the subsequent tumor microenvironment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. In addition, we broken through the data processing limitations of traditional researches in different platforms through the application of gene pairs, which would provide great credibility for our model. We believe that our research would provide a new perspective for clinical decision-making and prognostic monitoring in metastatic melanoma.

scholarly journals Thinking Small: Small Molecules as Potential Synergistic Adjuncts to Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3228
Author(s):  
Alexander C. Chacon ◽  
Alexa D. Melucci ◽  
Shuyang S. Qin ◽  
Peter A. Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Metastatic Melanoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibition ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibition ◽  
Specific Effector ◽  
Melanoma Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Responses

Metastatic melanoma remains the deadliest form of skin cancer. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) immunotherapy has defined a new age in melanoma treatment, but responses remain inconsistent and some patients develop treatment resistance. The myriad of newly developed small molecular (SM) inhibitors of specific effector targets now affords a plethora of opportunities to increase therapeutic responses, even in resistant melanoma. In this review, we will discuss the multitude of SM classes currently under investigation, current and prospective clinical combinations of ICI and SM therapies, and their potential for synergism in melanoma eradication based on established mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance.

scholarly journals Malignant melanoma without primary, presenting as solitary pulmonary nodule: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
George Tsaknis ◽  
Muhammad Naeem ◽  
Advitya Singh ◽  
Siddharth Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Pulmonary Nodule ◽  
Solitary Pulmonary Nodule ◽  
Past History ◽  
White Male ◽  
Pulmonary Nodules ◽  
Metastatic Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Solitary Pulmonary Nodules

Abstract Background Solitary pulmonary nodules are the most common incidental finding on chest imaging. Their management is very well defined by several guidelines, with risk calculators for lung cancer being the gold standard. Solitary intramuscular metastasis combined with a solitary pulmonary nodule from malignant melanoma without a primary site is rare. Case presentation A 57-year-old white male was referred to our lung cancer service with solitary pulmonary nodule. After positron-emission tomography, we performed an ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy of an intramuscular solitary lesion, not identified on computed tomography scan, and diagnosed metastatic malignant melanoma. The solitary pulmonary nodule was resected and also confirmed metastatic melanoma. There was no primary skin lesion. The patient received oral targeted therapy and is disease-free 5 years later. Conclusions Clinicians dealing with solitary pulmonary nodules must remain vigilant for other extrathoracic malignancies even in the absence of obvious past history. Lung metastasectomy may have a role in metastatic malignant melanoma with unknown primary.

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