scholarly journals Variations in intramuscular fat content and profile in Angus x Nellore steers under different feeding strategies contribute to color and tenderness development in longissimus thoracis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Antonelo ◽  
Mariane Beline ◽  
Saulo L. Silva ◽  
Juan F. M. Gómez ◽  
Christina Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Beta Oxidation ◽  
Subsequent Transformation ◽  
Metabolic Signatures

Muscle from cattle reared under different finishing regime (grain vs. forage) and growth rate may have divergent metabolic signatures that are reflective of their inherent differences in biochemical processes that may impact its subsequent transformation into high quality beef. Differences in muscle lipid profiles were characterized in Angus x Nellore crossbred steers, using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-profiling, to identify potential metabolic signatures correlated to beef color and tenderness in the longissimus thoracis muscle of cattle fed in either a feedlot- or pasture-based system programmed to achieve either a high or low growth rate. A total of 440 MRMs were significant, which were related mainly to triglycerides and phosphatidylcholine lipids. Distinct clusters between feeding strategies for the lipid dataset were revealed, which affected glycerolipid metabolism (P = 0.004), phospholipid metabolism (P = 0.009), sphingolipid metabolism (P = 0.050) and mitochondrial beta-oxidation of long chain saturated fatty acids (P = 0.073) pathways. Lipid content and profile differed to feeding strategies, which were related to L*, a*, and tenderness. These findings provide a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of lipidomic profiling of beef cattle finished under different feeding strategies and provides a basis for the relationship between lipid content and profiles and beef quality development.

scholarly journals Effect of Light Intensity and Quality on Growth Rate and Composition of Chlorella vulgaris

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria N. Metsoviti ◽  
George Papapolymerou ◽  
Ioannis T. Karapanagiotidis ◽  
Nikolaos Katsoulas
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
White Led ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Nm Range ◽  
Effect Of Light

In this research, the effect of solar irradiance on Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in open bioreactors under greenhouse conditions was investigated, as well as of ratio of light intensity in the 420–520 nm range to light in the 580–680 nm range (I420–520/I580–680) and of artificial irradiation provided by red and white LED lamps in a closed flat plate laboratory bioreactor on the growth rate and composition. The increase in solar irradiance led to faster growth rates (μexp) of C. vulgaris under both environmental conditions studied in the greenhouse (in June up to 0.33 d−1 and in September up to 0.29 d−1) and higher lipid content in microalgal biomass (in June up to 25.6% and in September up to 24.7%). In the experiments conducted in the closed bioreactor, as the ratio I420–520/I580–680 increased, the specific growth rate and the biomass, protein and lipid productivities increased as well. Additionally, the increase in light intensity with red and white LED lamps resulted in faster growth rates (the μexp increased up to 0.36 d−1) and higher lipid content (up to 22.2%), while the protein, fiber, ash and moisture content remained relatively constant. Overall, the trend in biomass, lipid, and protein productivities as a function of light intensity was similar in the two systems (greenhouse and bioreactor).

scholarly journals Effects of supplementing organic microminerals and methionine with or without limiting growth during the rearing phase of replacement gilts on lameness, growth, and body composition1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluís Fabà ◽  
Josep Gasa ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Evelia Varella ◽  
David Solà-Oriol
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Growth Requirements ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractPrevious research suggested that lameness in growing pigs could be reduced using feeding strategies, such as limiting growth rate and supplementing trace minerals (TM) and (or) methionine (Met). The present study evaluates effects of 1) TM and Met and 2) limiting total lysine (Lys) during the rearing phase (90 d) of gilts (as a means to limit growth rate) on lameness, performance, and sow claw health and productivity (to first parity). Gilts (n = 240; 58.0 ± 11.1 kg body weight [BW]) were blocked, distributed into pens of 10 gilts, and pens were allocated to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Factors were: 1) control or TM plus Met, which provided additional 10, 20, and 50 mg/kg of chelated copper, manganese, and zinc, respectively (0.1%, Aplomotec Plus, Tecnología & Vitaminas, S.L.; Alforja, Spain), and a 1.01 Met:Lys ratio and 2) standard Lys was formulated to meet growth requirements or low Lys to 19% below growth requirements. Feeding was provided through two phases, first between 119 and 163 d of age (phase I) and the second between 163 and 209 d of age (phase II). Diets had 2.43 and 2.31 Mcal net energy/kg for phases I and II, respectively, and were offered ad libitum. Low Lys did not affect feed intake but rather reduced average daily gain (ADG) by 6.35% and the final BW by 3.80% compared with standard Lys (P < 0.001). Low Lys reduced ADG (P < 0.001) and gain:feed (P = 0.012) during phase I but not during phase II. Lameness prevalence was 7.92% during rearing and increased with time (P < 0.001). Final BW (151 kg) and ADG (989 g) were similar (P > 0.05) whether gilts displayed lameness or not. Lameness was low in severity and not affected by dietary factors. However, TM- plus Met-fed gilts were 19.2 kg heavier (P = 0.016) than were control at lameness detection. On the sow farm, there was no evidence for differences in lameness or claw lesions among previous dietary treatments. In conclusion, lameness prevalence during the rearing phase was similar, independent of TM plus Met supplement, low Lys, or the interaction. Insufficient reduction of ADG and low severity in lameness may have limited the potential of dietary treatments. Moreover, a greater deficiency of Lys would be needed to achieve the degree of growth reduction previously reported to lessen lameness through feed restriction.

scholarly journals Effects of Colored Light on Growth and Nutritional Composition of Tilapia, and Biofloc as a Food Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 362
Author(s):  
Daniela Lopez-Betancur ◽  
Ivan Moreno ◽  
Carlos Guerrero-Mendez ◽  
Domingo Gómez-Meléndez ◽  
Manuel de J. Macias P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Natural Sunlight ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Biofloc Technology

Light stimulation and biofloc technology can be combined to improve the efficiency and sustainability of tilapia production. A 73-day pilot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of colored light on growth rates and nutritional composition of the Nile tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus) in biofloc systems. The effect of colored light on the nutritional composition of bioflocs as a food source for fish was measured. Three groups were illuminated in addition to natural sunlight with colored light using RGB light emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths (λ) of 627.27 nm for red (R), 513.33 nm for green (G), and 451.67 nm for blue (B) light. LED light intensity was constant (0.832 mW / cm 2 ), and had an 18-h photoperiod of light per day throughout the study. The control group was illuminated only with natural sunlight (natural). Tilapia had an average initial weight of 0.242 g. There was a significant effect of colored light on tilapia growth and composition. The R group showed the best growth rate, highest survival, and highest lipid content. The B group showed homogeneous growth with the lowest growth rate and lipid content, but the highest protein level. On the other hand, the biofloc composition was influenced by the green light in the highest content of lipids, protein, and nitrogen-free extract.

scholarly journals Evaluating the possible feeding strategies of selenium nanoparticles on the growth rate and wellbeing of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 100539
Author(s):  
Marwa F. Abd El-Kader ◽  
Ahmed. F. Fath El-Bab ◽  
Moustafa Shoukry ◽  
Abdel-Wahab A. Abdel-Warith ◽  
Elsayed M. Younis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
European Seabass

scholarly journals Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) meals on the meat quality in broilers

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodora Lyudmilova Popova ◽  
Evgeni Petkov ◽  
Maya Ignatova
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Formulated Diets

The experiment aimed to assess the effect of dietary inclusion of meals derived from Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae on the meat quality in broilers. The birds were divided into three groups according to the formulated diets: control (CON)– receiving standard diet, Т1 – receiving 5% partially defatted and Т2 – receiving 5% full fat BSF meal during the finishing period (14–35 d). At the age of 35 days, 10 broilers from each group were slaughtered for meat quality evaluation. The dietary inclusion of the BSF meals was associated with decrease of pH and lighter colour of the meat. The total amount of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) and atherogenic index (AI) were increased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), the ratios between PUFA and SFA (P/S), n-6/n-3 PUFA and hypo/hypercholesterolemic fatty acids (h/H) were decreased in the meat of the broilers consuming insect meals. The results of the study suggest good prospective for further research with the examined BSF meals for broiler nutrition to formulate feeding strategies that will not alter negatively meat quality and its healthy value.

scholarly journals Adipose Tissue Modification through Feeding Strategies and Their Implication on Adipogenesis and Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Ruminants

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3183
Author(s):  
Olaia Urrutia ◽  
José Antonio Mendizabal ◽  
Leopoldo Alfonso ◽  
Beatriz Soret ◽  
Kizkitza Insausti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

Dietary recommendations by health authorities have been advising of the importance of diminishing saturated fatty acids (SFA) consumption and replacing them by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3. Therefore, there have been efforts to enhance food fatty acid profiles, helping them to meet human nutritional recommendations. Ruminant meat is the major dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) source, but it also contains SFA at relatively high proportions, deriving from ruminal biohydrogenation of PUFA. Additionally, lipid metabolism in ruminants may differ from other species. Recent research has aimed to modify the fatty acid profile of meat, and other animal products. This review summarizes dietary strategies based on the n-3 PUFA supplementation of ruminant diets and their effects on meat fatty acid composition. Additionally, the role of n-3 PUFA in adipose tissue (AT) development and in the expression of key genes involved in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism is discussed. It has been demonstrated that linseed supplementation leads to an increase in α-linolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), but not in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), whilst fish oil and algae increase DHA content. Dietary PUFA can alter AT adiposity and modulate lipid metabolism genes expression, although further research is required to clarify the underlying mechanism.

Enhanced Microalgal Lipid Production in Internally Illuminated Airlift Photobioreactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Irem Deniz ◽  
Zeliha Demirel ◽  
Esra Imamoglu ◽  
Meltem Conk Dalay
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
White Light ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Light Supply ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractInternal illumination systems are being considered for use as an alternative light supply technique in microalgal products. The main goal of the study was to analyze the roles of different light wavelengths in internally illuminated airlift photobioreactors (PBRs) providing the light energy in an efficient way for the biomass production, lipid yield, and fatty acid composition of Amphora capitellata. The maximum chlorophyll-a concentration per unit biomass (2.62 ± 0.16 mg L−1) was obtained under red light, which was only 14% higher than under blue light in internally illuminated airlift PBR, whereas low chlorophyll-a content was found under white light. Maximum specific growth rate of 0.317 day−1, which corresponded to a doubling time of 2.185 days, was obtained under red light for A. capitellata. It was found that lipid content increased with decreasing growth rate for A. capitellata. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1) were the principal fatty acids accounting for between 31%‐33% and 31%‐32% of total fatty acids, respectively. It is important to underline that red and blue light spectrum ranges contribute to improved biomass growth, whereas white light has the potential to support lipid content of diatoms.

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