scholarly journals Cambios en el paisaje arbolado en Hermosillo: escasez de agua y plantas nativas

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (67) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alan Navarro Navarro ◽  
José Luis Moreno Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Olive Tree ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Ficus Benjamina ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Black Olive ◽  
Fig Trees ◽  
The City ◽  
Ficus Nitida

Resumen: el objetivo de este artículo es determinar el patrón actual de especies en el paisaje arbóreo de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, de 1992 a 2014, lapso en el que se identificó una sequía hidrológica prolongada que duró 13 años. Se busca conocer en qué medida la escasez de agua ha logrado promover la adopción de especies que demandan poca agua. El patrón de distribución de especies se obtuvo a través del muestreo por observación directa de las banquetas y jardines frontales de las áreas residenciales y se concluye que se ha modificado. Los yucatecos (Ficus nitida) dejaron de ser los más abundantes, y fueron sustituidos por las benjaminas (Ficus benjamina) y el olivo negro (Bucida buceras). Existen más especies nativas en las áreas de desarrollo reciente de la ciudad, pero también ha aumentado la presencia y distribución de la benjamina y del olivo negro.Palabras clave: reforestación; sequía; xeriscape; árboles; especies nativas.Abstract: the goal of this paper was to assess the pattern of species encompassing the present treescape of the city of Hermosillo. The period studied was 1992-2014, during which time the city experienced a prolonged hydrological drought lasting almost 13 years. This study sought to determine to what extent this water shortage influenced the adoption of drought-tolerant trees, especially native species. Data about the frequency and pattern of tree species was collected by sampling sidewalks and residential front yards. The study found that there were changes in the pattern of species comprising the present treescape. The Indian laurel (Ficus nitida) was a common and abundant tree in Hermosillo, but the study suggested that it was substituted by weeping fig (Ficus benjamina). Another species that became important was the black olive tree (Bucida buceras). Native species were more abundant in recently developed areas of the city, but not as much as black olive and weeping fig trees, which were the more abundant and well-distributed trees.Key words: reforestation; drought; xeriscape; trees; native species.

Pressure management in Waitakere City, New Zealand - a case study

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Pilipovic ◽  
R. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Network Computer ◽  
Water Pipeline ◽  
The City

In 1996, as part of Waitakere Council’s Water Cycle Strategy, a pressure standardisation programme to permanently lower the average supply pressure citywide was implemented with the aim of reducing water loss and water use. The experience gained during the 1994/95 Auckland water shortage had confirmed that there was considerable scope to reduce pressures in many areas. Since 1996 water pressures have been reduced in over 60% of the reticulated area of the city, with the average pressure reduced from 710 kPa to 540 kPa. As a result of this programme water loss from the network has been reduced, there has been a reduction in the frequency of mains breaks and it is likely that the life of water pipeline assets has been extended. Furthermore both pressure and demand management initiatives have reduced per capita water use in the city by more than 10%. A network computer model was used as a design tool to check the network under various pressure regimes and cost benefit analyses were carried out for various design scenarios. Fire sprinkler systems were checked as part of the design process. Minimum service standards were not reduced and in some cases pressures were actually increased. This paper covers the various aspects of the design, the implementation and the results of the pressure standardisation programme.

scholarly journals The Recycling of Sewage Generated in Kormangla-Chellaghatta Valley of Bengaluru India

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Ground Water Recharge ◽  
Water Recharge ◽  
Agriculture Products ◽  
The City

The water consumption in Bengaluru goes to 1853 Million Liter per Day (MLD) mainly sourced from Kaveri river and borewells and in result to produce abbot 1400 MLD of sewage. About 711 MLD is being treated water out come from 26 Secondary Treatment Plants (STP) against their capacity of 1360 MLD. About 462.9 MLD is recycled for various purposes and remaining 248.5MLD is allowed to flow in Sewage Water Drainage or in lakes allowed to mix with the sewage, making practically no use. The Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board (BWSSB) has about 6 STPs in place for a capacity of 453.5 MLD in the Kormangla-Chelghatta valley (K&C Valley) catchment area. One of the best-known sewage recycling in present day in the country is 440 MLD Kormangla-Chelghatta valley project for drought prone Kolar and Chickballapur districts in Karnataka, India to reuse of treated water for ground water recharge and industries and then to agriculture. About 76 tanks have been filled till this date. From these tanks, treated water is allowed to recharge the ground water and then reused through open wells/ borewells for agriculture/ horticulture. No treated water is directly used from such tanks. The project has facilitated to change the socioeconomic status of the farmers, terrestrial, aquatic and marshy ecosystems of the area. The project is bringing change in symbiotic relations by exerting pressure for more sewage treatment at Bengaluru and in turn vegetables/agriculture products supply to it. It also fulfils the obligation of City to provide nutrient rich treated waste-water for farmers’ irrigation needs under distress conditions that they are facing due to drought and water shortage, who grow food and vegetables and thus ensuring symbiotic livelihood security for the farmers and food security for the city. The author is working as expert member appointed by National Green Tribunal for the rejuvenation of lakes in K&C Valley.

Historical Changes in Large River Fish Assemblages of the Americas

2005 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Large River ◽  
Platte River ◽  
Water Diversions ◽  
The North ◽  
As Species ◽  
South Platte ◽  
The City

<em>Abstract.</em>—From its headwaters in the Rocky Mountains, the Platte River drains 230,362 km<sup>2</sup> in Colorado, Wyoming, and Nebraska. The Platte River is formed by the confluence of the North Platte and South Platte near the city of North Platte, Nebraska, and receives additional flow from the Loup and Elkhorn rivers that drain the Sand Hills region of Nebraska. Water diversions for mining and irrigation began in the 1840s in Colorado and Wyoming, and irrigation diversions in Nebraska began in the 1850s. Construction of dams for control of river flows commenced on the North Platte River in Wyoming in 1904. Additional dams and diversions in the North Platte, South Platte, and Platte rivers have extensively modified natural flow patterns and caused interruptions of flows. Pollution, from mining, industrial, municipal, and agricultural sources, and introductions of 24 nonnative species have also taken their toll. Fishes of the basin were little studied before changes in land use, pollution, and introduction of exotic species began. The current fish fauna totals approximately 100 species from 20 families. Native species richness declines westward, but some species find refugia in western headwaters streams. Declines in 26 native species has led to their being listing as species of concern by one or more basin states.

WALSH WESTERN WHEATGRASS

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SMOLIAK ◽  
A. JOHNSTON
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Spring Flood ◽  
Agropyron Smithii ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Western Wheatgrass ◽  
Heavy Clay ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity ◽  
Selection Of

Walsh is the first cultivar of western wheatgrass(Agropyron smithii Rydb.) to be released in Canada. It was developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Lethbridge, Alberta. The cultivar is an improved selection of the native species, which is adapted to heavy clay soils, is drought-tolerant, hardy, and creeping-rooted. The grass is noted for its tolerance to salinity and its ability to grow and yield well on spring-flooded clay sites.Key words: Western wheatgrass, Agropyron smithii, heavy clay, revegetation, creeping-rooted, spring-flood

scholarly journals Maize: Key agricultural crop in food security and sovereignty in a future with water scarcity

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 648-654
Author(s):  
Josana A. Langner ◽  
Alencar J. Zanon ◽  
Nereu A. Streck ◽  
Lia R. S. Reiniger ◽  
Marielen P. Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Maize Plants

ABSTRACT The objective in this review was to discuss the importance of maize currently and the crucial role it may play in the future for food production in scenarios of water shortage, as well as the importance of conserving its landrace cultivars, which have a considerable portion of the reserve of genetic variability. Maize plants, when exposed to water deficit, may develop physiological, morphological, biochemical and anatomical adaptation mechanisms. With the aid of genetic improvement, characteristics that impart tolerance are fixed in plants through conventional methods. In this context, ‘Tuxpeño Sequia’ cultivars were developed in Mexico, while in Africa, one of the most important strategies was the development of ‘DT’ (Drought-tolerant) cultivars. In the United States, one of the most important processes was the development of PionerAquamax® hybrids, while in Brazil, it was the development of cultivars with the ‘Maya Latente’ gene. Through genetic transformation, the hybrid ‘MON 87460’ was developed. However, it should be mentioned that, for a cultivar to be well accepted by producers, besides having one or more adaptation characteristics, it must have a high grain yield. Biotechnological tools such as the use of molecular markers, genetic transformation, and modeling through bioinformatics, associated with conventional selection, will be fundamental to guarantee the advancement of water deficit tolerance in maize.

Do cat restrictions lead to increased species diversity or abundance of small and medium-sized mammals in remnant urban bushland?

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Lilith ◽  
Michael Calver ◽  
Mark Garkaklis
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Vegetation Characteristics ◽  
The City

We took advantage of cat regulations enacted within differing subdivisions in the City of Armadale, Western Australia, to test the hypotheses that the species diversity (measured by the Shannon-Weiner index) and abundance of small and medium-sized mammals should be higher in native bushland within or adjacent to subdivisions where cats are restricted compared to similar areas where cats are not restricted. There were three different regimes of cat regulation: no-cat zone (strict prohibition of cat ownership applying in one site), compulsory belling of cats and night curfew at one site, and unregulated zones (free-roaming cats applying at two sites). Both sets of cat regulations were in place for approximately 10 years prior to our survey. We also measured structural and floristic features of the vegetation at each site that might influence the species diversity and abundance of small and medium-sized mammals independently or interactively with cat activity. No significant differences in species diversity were found across the sites and KTBA (known-to-be-alive) statistics for Brushtail Possums Trichosurus vulpecula and Southern Brown Bandicoots Isoodon obesulus, the two most abundant medium-sized mammals present, were similar across all sites. The smaller Mardo Antechinus flavipes, which could be regarded as the most susceptible to cat predation of all the native species trapped because of its size, was trapped mostly at an unregulated cat site. Total mammals trapped at the unregulated cat sites exceeded those caught at the two sites with restrictions, but these unregulated sites also had significantly denser vegetation and there was a borderline (p = 0.05) rank correlation between vegetation density and mammal captures across all sites. It appears that pet cats are not the major influence on the species diversity or abundance of small and medium-sized mammals at these sites and that vegetation characteristics may be more important.

scholarly journals Diversidade florística e índices arbóreos de escolas no município de Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
André Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Gildeane Costa ◽  
Lucicléia Mendes Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Souza ◽  
Kaio Cesar Cardoso de Lima Fonseca Alves
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Measuring Tape ◽  
The City ◽  
Height Data

<p>A arborização nas escolas exerce papel importante na melhoria desses ambientes, tornando-os mais atrativos e agradáveis para a comunidade educacional e serve como exemplo e fonte de aprendizagem contínua. Assim, objetivou-se fazer o levantamento das espécies e índices arbóreos em nove escolas no município de Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins. O referido estudo foi realizado em nove escolas públicas do município, desconsiderando-se as escolas particulares. Para saber o número de alunos existentes, cada escola forneceu a relação dos matriculados no período. Fez-se o senso e a identificação da vegetação arbórea presente nos pátios das nove unidades. Os dados de altura foram levantados com auxílio de um clinômetro, com uma trena coletou-se o diâmetro de copa e o tamanho da área de cada pátio escolar e através do Microsoft Excel fez-se os cálculos dos índices de Densidade Arbórea (IDA), Sombreamento Arbóreo (ISA) e de Área Verde (IAVE). Nas escolas foram encontrados 158 indivíduos pertencentes a 14 famílias botânicas representadas por 27 espécies, distribuídas em 15 nativas e 12 exóticas. A escola João Queiroz destacou-se com o melhor ISA (28,19%) e a Hermínio Azevedo Soares pode ser considerada como referência pelos índices encontrados (ISA=19,037% e IDA=0,97%).  As espécies nativas mais frequentes foram <em>Licania tomentosa </em>(Benth.) Fritsch<em>, Mangifera indica</em> L. e <em>Cassia fistula </em>L. Os maiores índices arbóreos (IDA e ISA) foram verificados nas escolas João Queiroz e Hermínio Azevedo Soares e o menor na Silas Raimundo Milhomem dos Santos. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Floristic diversity and arboreal indices of schools in Formoso do Araguaia municipality, Tocantins</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The afforestation in schools plays an important role in improving these environments, making them more attractive and enjoyable for the educational community and serves as an example and source of continuous learning. Thus, the objective was to make a survey of arboreal species and indices found in nine schools in Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins. This study was carried out in nine public schools in the city, disregarding private schools. To know the number of existing students, each school provided the list of those enrolled in the period. The sense and the identification of the arboreal vegetation present in the schoolyards of the nine units were made. The height data were collected with the aid of a clinometer, with a measuring tape was collected the tree crown diameter and the area of each schoolyard and through Microsoft Excel the calculations of the Arboreal Density Index (ADI), Shading Arboreal Index (SAI) and Green Area Index (GAI). In schools were found 158 individuals belonging to 14 botanical families represented by 27 species, distributed in 15 native and 12 exotic. The João Queiroz school excelled with the best SAI (28.19%) and the Herminio Azevedo Soares school can be considered as reference by the indices found (SAI = 19.037% and ADI = 0.97%). The most frequent native species were <em>Licania tomentosa</em> (Benth.) Fritsch, <em>Mangifera indica</em> L. and <em>Cassia fistula</em> L. The largest arboreal indices (ADI and SAI) were observed at schools João Queiroz and Herminio Azevedo Soares and the lowest indices at Silas Milhomem Raimundo dos Santos school.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

scholarly journals Floristic diversity, origins and properties of city trees in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1967-1987
Author(s):  
Souleymane Ganaba
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
The City

In Burkina Faso, insufficient or partial information exists on the forest potential of urban areas, marked mainly by the introduction of many exotic species. The objective of this study was to assess the floristic diversity of city trees, to reveal the benefits and risks associated with their properties in a context of climate change, increasing demography and accelerated urbanization. Surveys on 49 urban municipalities were conducted from 2015 to 2020 to identify and describe species at different phenological stages to enable photographic image recognition. Confirmations are made with floras, previous works and documentary compilations. The analyses relate to the biological diversity of species, their origins and uses. The floristic diversity of Burkina Faso's city trees consists of 251 species belonging to 174 genera and 58 families. It is comprised of 178 introduced species and 73 native species. The most represented families are Arecaceae with 7.97% of species, Euphhorbiaceae (7.57%), Moraceae (6.37%), Fabaceae - Mimosoideae (5.98%), Apocynaceae (5.98%) and the Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae (5.58%). The most common species are Khaya senegalensis, Mangifera indica and Azadirachta indica. This work has helped to characterize the city trees of Burkina Faso. It will update the flora of the country, which is enriched with 36 new exotic species.Keywords: Urban tree, characterization, biological diversity, communes.

scholarly journals Hydrogeological investigations of river bed clogging at a river bank filtration site along the River Warta, Poland

Geologos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Przybyłek ◽  
Krzysztof Dragon ◽  
Piotr Michał Jan Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Present Note ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
River Bank ◽  
River Bed ◽  
The City ◽  
River Bottom ◽  
River Bank Filtration ◽  
Bed Clogging

AbstractRiver bank filtration (RBF) is a system that enriches groundwater resources by induced infiltration of river water to an aquifer. Problematic during operation of RBF systems is the deterioration of infiltration effectiveness caused by river bed clogging. This situation was observed in the Krajkowo well field which supplies fresh water to the city of Poznań (Poland) during and after the long hydrological drought between the years 1989 and 1992. The present note discusses results of specific hydrogeological research which included drilling of a net of boreholes to a depth of 10 m below river bottom (for sediment sampling as well as for hydrogeological measurements), analyses of grain size distribution and relative density studies. The results obtained have allowed the recognition of the origin of the clogging processes, as well as the documentation of the clogged parts of the river bottom designated for unclogging activities.

scholarly journals Work of medical and nutritional healthcare facilities in Leningrad (January – April 1942)

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
Elena Dmitrievna Tverdyukova
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
City Administration ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Severe Shortage

The hierarchy of food supply in besieged Leningrad is one of the most polemical questions in historiography. The subject of this research is the measures taken by the city administration during the first winter of blockade (1941-1942) aimed at maintenance of vitality of Leningraders who were highly valued for economy of the city or regarded as creative elite of the city. The goal consists in clarification of facts on the work of medical and nutritional inpatient facilities intended for persons suffering from dystrophy, including municipal inpatient facility for emaciated workers of science, technology, art and executive personnel, located the Hotel Astoria. The work of medical and nutritional inpatient facilities in the period from January to April of 1942 had not previously become the subject of separate research for national or foreign historians. The conducted research demonstrate that the establishment of such healthcare facilities was the first attempt to organize food supply for citizens suffering from dystrophy. In the conditions of severe shortage of food resources, the city administration was able to help only a limited circle of people. Working in the extreme conditions with no electricity, water, shortage of qualified medical personnel, limited food funds, medical and nutritional inpatient facilities were could not fully solve the tasks imposed on them.

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