scholarly journals Floristic diversity, origins and properties of city trees in Burkina Faso

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1967-1987
Author(s):  
Souleymane Ganaba
Keyword(s):  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Floristic Diversity ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
The City

In Burkina Faso, insufficient or partial information exists on the forest potential of urban areas, marked mainly by the introduction of many exotic species. The objective of this study was to assess the floristic diversity of city trees, to reveal the benefits and risks associated with their properties in a context of climate change, increasing demography and accelerated urbanization. Surveys on 49 urban municipalities were conducted from 2015 to 2020 to identify and describe species at different phenological stages to enable photographic image recognition. Confirmations are made with floras, previous works and documentary compilations. The analyses relate to the biological diversity of species, their origins and uses. The floristic diversity of Burkina Faso's city trees consists of 251 species belonging to 174 genera and 58 families. It is comprised of 178 introduced species and 73 native species. The most represented families are Arecaceae with 7.97% of species, Euphhorbiaceae (7.57%), Moraceae (6.37%), Fabaceae - Mimosoideae (5.98%), Apocynaceae (5.98%) and the Fabaceae - Caesalpinioideae (5.58%). The most common species are Khaya senegalensis, Mangifera indica and Azadirachta indica. This work has helped to characterize the city trees of Burkina Faso. It will update the flora of the country, which is enriched with 36 new exotic species.Keywords: Urban tree, characterization, biological diversity, communes.

scholarly journals A floristic survey of the Boulder Mountain Park: with notes on its conservation and management (Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 279-314
Author(s):  
Tim Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Great Plains ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Front Range ◽  
Public Land Management ◽  
Montane Vegetation ◽  
The City

The City of Boulder Mountain Park sits in the eastern foothills of the northern Front Range of Colorado. Approximately 7000 acres (2800 ha) in extent, the study area is characterized by a foothills and montane vegetation and flora, predominantly of western North American distribution. Situated at the interface of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains, the flora of the Mountain Park is distinguished by a wealth of species with eastern woodland affinities, as well as a number of southern Rocky Mountain species endemic to the Front Range. Six hundred and ninety-eight (698) species of vascular plants in 426 genera and 100 families are documented in this survey. Twenty (20) of the plants are listed as Species of Special Concern by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program, with an additional 26 listed as sensitive by the City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks Department (OSMP). Introduced non-native species constitute 21% of the flora (147 species), a figure that exaggerates their ecological role in the Park; less than a dozen introduced species are of serious concern in their impact upon native diversity. The Mountain Park is viewed by many as the crown jewel of the City’s OSMP system, and serves as a model for public land management across other open spaces in urban areas nationwide. These forested foothills, with their prominent relief and associated diversity of habitats, serve as one of the last low-elevation nature refuges along the Colorado Front Range. With the increasing urbanization of the region and the loss of biological diversity worldwide, the wisdom of the Boulder community in protecting this landscape is becoming ever more apparent. This report presents a thoroughly revised checklist of the flora of the Boulder Mountain Parks since the area was last inventoried in 1993.

scholarly journals Analysis of the feeding habits of the swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura (Gmelin, 1788), in an urban park in southeastern Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
MCB. Toledo ◽  
DM. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Food Resources ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Urban Park ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
The City

The aim of this work was to observe and describe the feeding habits and available food resources of the swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura. The study was carried out in a municipal park located in the city of Taubaté, in the state of São Paulo. The observations took place between December 2003 and October 2004, recording the following variables: 1) the plant species visited for feeding and territorial defense; 2) the kinds of food resources; and 3) the kinds of flight to procure and obtain food. E. macroura visited 12 plant species. For territorial defense, Mangifera indica was the most visited, whereas Malvaviscus arboreus was most visited for feeding. The foliage was the plant part that received the most frequent visits. In order to obtain nectar, the only species visited was M. arboreus; to obtain arthropods, the species most visited were Mangifera indica and Hymenaea stilbocarpa. In the dry season, the hummingbirds visited flowers, whereas in the rainy season they visited leaves to acquire food. The arthropod groups most frequently found on leafy branches were Homoptera and Psocoptera. Finally, the results of the type of flight analysis showed that flight used to capture food was more often observed than were flights to search for food. In conclusion, these observations suggest that E. macroura shows plasticity in feeding behavior, which can help it to persist in urban areas.

scholarly journals Diversidade florística e índices arbóreos de escolas no município de Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
André Ferreira dos Santos ◽  
Gildeane Costa ◽  
Lucicléia Mendes Oliveira ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Souza ◽  
Kaio Cesar Cardoso de Lima Fonseca Alves
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Measuring Tape ◽  
The City ◽  
Height Data

<p>A arborização nas escolas exerce papel importante na melhoria desses ambientes, tornando-os mais atrativos e agradáveis para a comunidade educacional e serve como exemplo e fonte de aprendizagem contínua. Assim, objetivou-se fazer o levantamento das espécies e índices arbóreos em nove escolas no município de Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins. O referido estudo foi realizado em nove escolas públicas do município, desconsiderando-se as escolas particulares. Para saber o número de alunos existentes, cada escola forneceu a relação dos matriculados no período. Fez-se o senso e a identificação da vegetação arbórea presente nos pátios das nove unidades. Os dados de altura foram levantados com auxílio de um clinômetro, com uma trena coletou-se o diâmetro de copa e o tamanho da área de cada pátio escolar e através do Microsoft Excel fez-se os cálculos dos índices de Densidade Arbórea (IDA), Sombreamento Arbóreo (ISA) e de Área Verde (IAVE). Nas escolas foram encontrados 158 indivíduos pertencentes a 14 famílias botânicas representadas por 27 espécies, distribuídas em 15 nativas e 12 exóticas. A escola João Queiroz destacou-se com o melhor ISA (28,19%) e a Hermínio Azevedo Soares pode ser considerada como referência pelos índices encontrados (ISA=19,037% e IDA=0,97%).  As espécies nativas mais frequentes foram <em>Licania tomentosa </em>(Benth.) Fritsch<em>, Mangifera indica</em> L. e <em>Cassia fistula </em>L. Os maiores índices arbóreos (IDA e ISA) foram verificados nas escolas João Queiroz e Hermínio Azevedo Soares e o menor na Silas Raimundo Milhomem dos Santos. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Floristic diversity and arboreal indices of schools in Formoso do Araguaia municipality, Tocantins</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The afforestation in schools plays an important role in improving these environments, making them more attractive and enjoyable for the educational community and serves as an example and source of continuous learning. Thus, the objective was to make a survey of arboreal species and indices found in nine schools in Formoso do Araguaia, Tocantins. This study was carried out in nine public schools in the city, disregarding private schools. To know the number of existing students, each school provided the list of those enrolled in the period. The sense and the identification of the arboreal vegetation present in the schoolyards of the nine units were made. The height data were collected with the aid of a clinometer, with a measuring tape was collected the tree crown diameter and the area of each schoolyard and through Microsoft Excel the calculations of the Arboreal Density Index (ADI), Shading Arboreal Index (SAI) and Green Area Index (GAI). In schools were found 158 individuals belonging to 14 botanical families represented by 27 species, distributed in 15 native and 12 exotic. The João Queiroz school excelled with the best SAI (28.19%) and the Herminio Azevedo Soares school can be considered as reference by the indices found (SAI = 19.037% and ADI = 0.97%). The most frequent native species were <em>Licania tomentosa</em> (Benth.) Fritsch, <em>Mangifera indica</em> L. and <em>Cassia fistula</em> L. The largest arboreal indices (ADI and SAI) were observed at schools João Queiroz and Herminio Azevedo Soares and the lowest indices at Silas Milhomem Raimundo dos Santos school.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Social and Environmental Changes Affecting Everglades National Park in South Florida, U.S.A

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Schuett ◽  
Yunseon Choe ◽  
David Matarrita-Cascante
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Everglades National Park ◽  
World Heritage Site ◽  
The U.S

Over the last few decades, urban expansion and population shifts have modified the existing landscape throughout the U.S. Protected areas and development are compatible lenses, yet stakeholders&rsquo; involvement in decision-making is often missing from environmental governance. We examine how stakeholders living and working in proximity to Everglades National Park (EVER) perceive environmental and social changes to the park and community park relations. EVER was selected as a study site for several reasons: proximity to urban areas, rich biological diversity, largest subtropical wilderness in the U.S., International Biosphere Reserve, World Heritage Site, and prominence as a tourist destination for the region. Forty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with neighborhood groups, representatives from gateway communities, and conservation organizations. An analysis of the interview data generated six research themes: loss of native species, urban development, a shortage and contamination of water, hurricanes, climate change, and increased recreation use. The results of this study add to the literature by providing a better understanding of the relationships stakeholders have with national parks. The results will provide useable knowledge that may help stakeholders and public land managers design strategies related for sustainable plans for the park and its surrounding communities.

scholarly journals Pecan (Carya illinoinensis/Wangenh./K. Koch): A new species of the Allochthonous dendroflora in Serbia

2014 ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Martin Bobinac ◽  
Marko Perovic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
The City ◽  
A New Species

This paper presents the alien species Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, carya-pecan, (Juglandaceae A. Richard ex Kunth) that has not been mentioned so far in the dendroflora of Serbia. One tree was recorded within the first Serbian sugar factory in Cukarica that is now a protected cultural property in the City of Belgrade. The tree is about 35 years old and about 20 m high. The length of the trunk without branches is 6.0 m and the diameter at breast height is 57 cm. Carya-pecan is a native species of the southeastern part of North America, and is grown in Europe for edible fruits and quality wood. The recorded tree in Belgrade is fruitful and characterized by good vitality and rapid growth. Due to its special characteristics, it can have multiple practical application in the territory of Serbia for decoration in urban areas, for forest plantations and in orchards.

scholarly journals Anthropophytes in the flora of different spatial units within old rural settlements of the Lubuskie Lakeland, western Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jasińska ◽  
Andrzej Brzeg ◽  
Maria Wojterska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Landscape Units

AbstractStudies of the flora of villages in a connection with the surrounding landscape are rare and mostly limited to the built-up area and its general location in a geographical region. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the diversity patterns of flora against the background of local landscape units in the rural areas and to analyse them in the context of village transformation. The study comprised 30 villages of medieval origin representing the oval-shape type, with differently preserved structure of built-up area and cultivated fields, located in the Lubuskie Lakeland. The terrain within a buffer zone of 200 m in width, located outside of the built-up area, was divided into spatial complexes. In each of these complexes, floristic lists were compiled. The structure of surrounding landscape within the buffer zone of 1 km in width, measuring from the village centroid, was analysed using ArcGIS.The recorded flora comprised 767 taxa of spontaneously occurring vascular plants. Extremely rare and common species were the most numerous. Native species distinctly prevailed over alien in all types of spatial complexes and the majority of them occurred in the habitats transformed by man. There were noted altogether 244 species of anthropophytes.The index of anthropophytization of flora (WAnt) showed that both types of built-up areas (transformed and non-transformed) reached the highest values, slightly higher than fields and central green. Index of flora modernization (WM) showed the same pattern. Only water bodies were strikingly different from other complexes in respect to both indices (WAnt - significantly lower values, while WM - much higher). Differences in the floristic composition of transformed and non-transformed villages were not significant at the level of whole village. The villages were still harbouring rare species from the group of relics of former cultivation and archaeophytes, but observations conducted since 2007 confirmed that they have been decreasing in number. The percentage of groups of species with different affinity toward urban areas have shown that in the studied rural areas, the share of urbanophilic species is still very low as compared to the dominant group of urbanoneutral and moderately urbanophobic species.

scholarly journals SPACIAL INDEXES AND BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY OF ITANHAÉM, SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

FLORESTA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Tamara Ribeiro Botelho de Carvalho Maria ◽  
Daniela Biondi ◽  
Kendra Zamproni
Keyword(s):  
Performance Index ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Road ◽  
The City ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
The Ideal

Many managers have studied the afforestation as a mitigating tool for the problems caused by urbanization, since the specific knowledge of each municipality is fundamental for proper planning in relation to the species used, the number of trees and the location in the municipality. The present research had the objective of evaluating the spatial and biological diversity indexes of the road arborization of the city of Itanhaém - SP. For the accomplishment of the research, a qualitative and quantitative inventory of the arborization was done to obtain the coverage indices and tree density, index of full occupation, current occupation and the deficit of afforestation and the performance index of the species. There is 1 tree for each 100 m² of sidewalk in the municipality, 2.35% of the sidewalks are covered by the crown of the trees and the municipality presents only 21.1% of the ideal afforestation. The municipality had a high diversity index of Shannon H '= 3.45 and Simpson dominance λ = 0.082. The native species with the best performance index was Schinus terebinthifolius. Although there are species diversity in the municipality, the current situation demonstrates the scarcity of trees, indicating the need for intensification in the planting of trees in the road system.

scholarly journals Termite (Isoptera) survey in urban area in Northern of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. e7813
Author(s):  
Vinícius Gazal ◽  
Omar Bailez ◽  
Ana Maria Viana-Bailez
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Nasutitermes Corniger ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi ◽  
Janeiro State

Most pest termites in urban areas in Brazil are exotic species, but native species are becoming an increasing problem. This study aimed to identify termite species infesting trees and houses in urban areas of Campos dos Goytacazes, in the north of Rio de Janeiro State. Trees in the streets of sixteen neighborhoods were inspected for termites. Inspections and interviews were also conducted to verify the occurrence of termites in houses. Termites were recorded in 17 % of the 1,307 trees surveyed. Coptotermes gestroi was the most frequent species (51% of infested trees), Nasutitermes corniger and Microcerotermes strunckii were present in 38 % and 14 % of infested trees, respectively, and Microcerotermes arboreus was the least common (1 %). Different termite species coexisted in 14 % of the infested trees (n = 31). Termite infestations were recorded in 26% of the surveyed households (n = 1,020). Four species were identified as causing damage: Cryptotermes brevis, C. gestroi, N. corniger, and M. strunckii. The most common species was C. brevis, affecting 133 residences (51 %). C. gestroi and N. corniger were less frequent, but they were responsible for more structural damage than C. brevis, which mainly attacked furniture.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF FLORA ADMINISTRATION IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF GUARUJÁ (SP), BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 94-100
Author(s):  
Sidney Fernandes ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Souza de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Environmental Influence ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Equivalent Representation ◽  
Future Problem ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Choice Of Species ◽  
The City

Objective – The study aimed to map, identify and catalog the tree species present in the municipality of Guarujá, Metropolitan Region of Baixada Santista, State of São Paulo, used in the afforestation of the municipality. The criteria for the choice of species by the city were evaluated, aiming through this survey, future proposals for better management in the administration of inclusion of urban flora; inclusion of native species, prioritizing species that are attractive to the region's fauna. Methods - During the study, samples were taken in 5 (five) points of the city of Guarujá, with materials that present an equivalent representation of populations. The studies were carried out following seasonality, in order to observe the environmental influence on the distribution of plants. Results - Twelve families, 28 genera and 29 species were identified in the samples carried out in 117 streets in 5 districts, being 57 streets in the Vila Áurea district, 24 streets in the Jardim Progresso district, 10 streets in the Santa Rosa district, 12 streets in the Pitangueiras district and 10 streets in the Virginia Garden District. Conclusion - The interest in paying attention to plant species used in afforestation in the municipality of Guarujá is due to the fact that inappropriate afforestation is observed, sometimes planted by residents, without guidance and thus without technical criteria, thus creating a future problem, for example, causing problems urban areas such as pavement destruction, changes in the landscape and species that are not always attractive to fauna. Another fact that is also observed is the low diversity of species present, many of them exotic and not native to the region.

Diversité, structure des arbres et description du boisement dans les concessions de l’espace urbain de Parakou au centre du Bénin

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 15842-15852
Author(s):  
Prucelle Elisée ZOHOUN ◽  
Mama DJAOUGA ◽  
Soufouyane ZAKARI ◽  
David M. BALOUBI ◽  
Ibouraïma YABI
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Tree Structure ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Milieu Urbain ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The City

Objectif : L’urbanisation dans les Pays en voie de développement se traduit par une croissance démographique galopante avec pour corollaire la dégradation de la végétation dans les espaces urbains et péri-urbains. Le présent article s’intéresse particulièrement à l’analyse de la diversité spécifique, de la structure des arbres et du boisement dans les concessions de la ville de Parakou. Méthodologie et résultats : Sur la base d’un échantillonnage raisonné, un inventaire floristique suivi d’une observation sur le nombre d’arbre par concession a été fait dans 140 placettes. Les résultats montrent que 30,32 % des concessions sont dépourvues d’arbre, 21,64 % comptent 1 arbre et 48,04 % comptent 2 arbres et plus. La richesse spécifique est de 94 espèces dont 77 espèces exotiques et 17 espèces locales réparties dans 37 familles. Le peuplement est dominé par l’espèce Mangifera indica. La densité moyenne est de 18 pieds/ha. La distribution selon les classes de diamètre montre une abondance des individus dans la classe de 10 à 30 cm. Conclusion et application des résultats : Il ressort de ces résultats que les concessions de la ville de Parakou sont peu boisées et pauvres en espèces locales et à grand diamètre. Ces résultats suscitent des recherches sur l’importance et les contraintes liées à la plantation des arbres dans le milieu urbain. Par ailleurs cela montre aux gestionnaires de la ville de Parakou, l’urgence de la vulgarisation et l’application des lois qui encadrent la plantation, la conservation et la protection des arbres dans les concessions et les domaines privés de Parakou et au Bénin. Mots clés : Villes de Parakou (Bénin), concessions, arbres, diversité, dendrométrie Zohoun et al., J. Appl. Biosci. 2020 Diversité, structure des arbres et description du boisement dans les concessions de l’espace urbain de Parakou au centre du Bénin 15843 ABSTRACT Diversity, tree structure and description of afforestation in the grants of the urban area of Parakou in central Benin Objective: Urbanization in developing countries results in galloping demographic growth with as a corollary, the degradation of vegetation in urban and peri-urban areas. This article focuses on the analysis of the specific diversity, tree structure and afforestation in the grants of the city of Parakou. Methodology and results: By sampling method, a floristic inventory followed by an observation of the number of trees per grant was made in 140 plots. The results show that 30.32% of the grants have no trees, 21.64% have 1 tree and 48.04% have 2 or more trees. The specific wealth is 94 species, of which 77 species are exotic and 17 local species, distributed among 37 families. The population is dominated by the Mangifera indica species. The average density is 18 plants/ha. The distribution according to diameter classes shows an abundance of individuals in the class of 10 to 30 cm. Conclusion and application of results: It appears from these results that the grants in the town of Parakou are sparsely forested and poor in local and large-diameter species. These results prompt research on the importance of and constraints to tree planting in the urban area. Moreover, it shows the managers of the city of Parakou the urgency of the extension and application of laws that govern the planting, conservation and protection of trees in the grants and the private domains of Parakou and in Benin. Key words: City of Parakou (Benin), grants, trees, diversity, dendrometry

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