scholarly journals Toxicity of mercury on the brain: ability of extract of Pistacia atlantica regulated effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Benahmed Fatiha ◽  
Hayet Fatima Zohra Belhouari ◽  
Radjaa Bounoura ◽  
Elazhari Mehrab ◽  
Omar Kharoubi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
The Brain

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of 150 mg / kg extract of the plant Pistacia atlantica against mercury-induced oxidative stress Methods: Hg was administered intraperitoneally (2,5 mg/kg body weight, one time a week), and P. atlantica and were given orally by gavage at a daily dose (150 mg/kg body weight) to rats for 32 days. 24 male adult Albinos Wistar rats were divided into four groups: group 1 Control, group 2 (HgCl2) group 3 (Hg + P. atlantica) and group 4 (P. atlantica). Paramatrical tests of oxidative stress and histological sections of the cerebral parenchyma. Results: Our results showed that the intraperitoneal injection of mercury chloride HgCl2 causes deleterious effects in the brain resulting in: a failure of redox status by disrupting the antioxidant defense system by a significant decrease in the activity of catalase glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and superoxide dismutase acetylcholinesterase and increase of the activity of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase. The levels of lipid peroxidation markers were high in TBARS intoxicated rats with protein oxidation increased in the brain intoxicated by. The continuous use of mercury is also at the origin, in brain tissue However, supplementation of P. atlantica extract with mercury-treated rats attenuated some of the harmful and toxic effects of this metal. This clearly demonstrates the protective roles of this plant Keywords: mercury, Pistacia atlantica, Wistar rat, brain, antioxidant, neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals Neurodegenerative Observations on the Cerebral Cortex of Adult Wistar Rats Following Mercury Chloride Induced Cortical Damage in Adult Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
A. J. Ajibade ◽  
P. B. Fakunle ◽  
T. S. Owolabi
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mercury Chloride ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Brain

Background: Mercury is a widespread environmental and industrial pollutant that is used in food preservation, cosmetics, pharmaceutical companies and laboratories. The aim of this present study was to investigate the possible effects of mercury chloride (HgCl2) exposure on the cerebral cortex of adult wista rats; and also to evaluate the effects of mercury on biochemical parameters. Materials and Methods: Thirty six (36) adult wistar rats of both sexes, weighing between 110 g-300 g were randomly divided into four groups A, B, C and D with nine animals per group. The animals in groups B, C, and D were administered mercury chloride orally at the concentration of 0.2 mg/kg, 0.4mg and 0.5 mg/kg body weights respectively while group (A) served as control and was given distilled water. The administration lasted for a period of 21 days.  The brain was carefully removed and weigh immediately with sensitive balance, part of it was homogenized for biochemical analysis (MDA, GSH and NO). The remaining part was then fixed in 10% formol calcium fluid and processed for histopathological studies using H and E stains. Results: The results revealed a decrease in animal body weights from all the groups in comparison with the control group (A) which showed an insignificant decrease (P>0.05), group B showed an insignificant decrease (P>0.05) while group C and D showed statistically significant decrease (P<0.05). The brain weights revealed statistically insignificant decrease in the treated groups when compared with the control group. The biochemical evaluation revealed a statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of MDA (Malondialdehyde) in the treated groups when compared with the control group, GSH (Glutathione) revealed statistically significant decrease (P<0.05) in the treated groups and NO (Nitric Oxide) revealed statistically significant increase (P<0.05) in the treated groups as compared to the control group. The histological observation revealed degenerative changes in the cortex of treated groups that were characterized by clustered Pyknotics pyramidal neurons that appear with fragmented cytoplasm and condensed nuclei within soma. Perineural spaces were seen surrounding degenerating neurons. Axons and dendrites are scarcely appreciable around neurons in these groups. Conclusion:  The findings from this study showed that ingestion of mercury chloride has potentially deleterious effects on brain as shown in the histopathology, cellular loss in the brain of wistar rat.

Effect of Opuntia dejecta (Salm-Dyck) flowers in liver of fructose-fed rats: Biochemicals, enzymatic and histological studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 096032712110134
Author(s):  
O Zouaoui ◽  
K Adouni ◽  
A Jelled ◽  
A Thouri ◽  
A Ben Chrifa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Histological Architecture

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of flowers decoction at post-flowering stage (F3D) of Opuntia dejecta were determined. The obtained findings demonstrate that F3D has a marked antioxidant activity in all tested assays. Furthermore, the present study was designed to test the protective activity of F3D against induced Diabetes type 2 (DT2) in male rats. Those metabolic syndromes were induced by a high-fructose diet (HFD) (10% fructose solution) for a period of 20 weeks. F3D was administered orally (100 and 300 mg/kg body weight) daily for the last 4 weeks. Metformin (150 mg/kg body weight) was used as a standard drug and administrated orally for the last 4 weeks. The results showed a significant increase in blood glucose, triglycerides and hepatic markers (ALAT, ASAT and ALK-P) in HFD group. A significant increase in hepatic TBARS and a significant decrease in SOD, CAT and GPX were observed in fructose fed rats compared to control group. Administration of F3D showed a protective effect in biochemical and oxidative stress parameters measured in this study. Also, oral administration of F3D restored the histological architecture of rat liver in comparison with rats fed HFD. In conclusion, F3D attenuated hepatic oxidative stress in fructose-fed rats.

scholarly journals High-fat diet-induced obesity and impairment of brain neurotransmitter pool

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Ranyah Shaker M. Labban ◽  
Hanan Alfawaz ◽  
Ahmed T. Almnaizel ◽  
Wail M. Hassan ◽  
Ramesa Shafi Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brain Neurotransmitter ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lean Group

AbstractObesity and the brain are linked since the brain can control the weight of the body through its neurotransmitters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain functioning through the measurement of brain glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin metabolic pools. In the present study, two groups of rats served as subjects. Group 1 was fed a normal diet and named as the lean group. Group 2 was fed an HFD for 4 weeks and named as the obese group. Markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, and vitamin C), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-12), and leptin along with a lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels) were measured in the serum. Neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate were measured in brain tissue. Fecal samples were collected for observing changes in gut flora. In brain tissue, significantly high levels of dopamine and glutamate as well as significantly low levels of serotonin were found in the obese group compared to those in the lean group (P > 0.001) and were discussed in relation to the biochemical profile in the serum. It was also noted that the HFD affected bacterial gut composition in comparison to the control group with gram-positive cocci dominance in the control group compared to obese. The results of the present study confirm that obesity is linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemic processes, and altered brain neurotransmitter levels that can cause obesity-related neuropsychiatric complications.

scholarly journals Zinc Chloride Exposure Inhibits Brain Acetylcholine Levels, Produces Neurotoxic Signatures, and Diminishes Memory and Motor Activities in Adult Zebrafish

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreeja Sarasamma ◽  
Gilbert Audira ◽  
Stevhen Juniardi ◽  
Bonifasius Sampurna ◽  
Sung-Tzu Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Chloride ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Low Concentrations

In this study, we evaluated the acute (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) and chronic (21 days) adverse effects induced by low doses (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/L) of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) exposure in adult zebrafish by using behavioral endpoints like three-dimensional (3D) locomotion, passive avoidance, aggression, circadian rhythm, and predator avoidance tests. Also, brain tissues were dissected and subjected to analysis of multiple parameters related to oxidative stress, antioxidant responses, superoxide dismutase (SOD), neurotoxicity, and neurotransmitters. The results showed that ZnCl2-exposed fishes displayed decreased locomotor behavior and impaired short-term memory, which caused an Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-like syndrome. In addition, low concentrations of ZnCl2 induced amyloid beta (amyloid β) and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) protein levels in brains. In addition, significant induction in oxidative stress indices (reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), reduction in antioxidant defense system (glutathione (GSH), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) and SOD) and changes in neurotransmitters were observed at low concentrations of ZnCl2. Neurotoxic effects of ZnCl2 were observed with significant inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) activity when the exposure dose was higher than 1 ppm. Furthermore, we found that zinc, metallothionein (MT), and cortisol levels in brain were elevated compared to the control group. A significantly negative correlation was observed between memory and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In summary, these findings revealed that exposure to ZnCl2 affected the behavior profile of zebrafish, and induced neurotoxicity which may be associated with damaged brain areas related to memory. Moreover, our ZnCl2-induced zebrafish model may have potential for AD-associated research in the future.

scholarly journals The effects of acutely and subchronically applied DL-methionine on plasma oxidative stress markers and activity of acetylcholinesterase in rat cardiac tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Zarko Micovic ◽  
Sanja Kostic ◽  
Slavica Mutavdzin ◽  
Aleksa Andrejevic ◽  
Aleksandra Stamenkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Physiological Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subchronic Treatment

Background/Aim. Chronically induced hypermethioninemia leads to hyperhomocysteinemia which causes oxidative stress, atherogenesis, neurodegeneration and cancer. However, little is known about the acute and subchronic effects of DL-methionine (Met). The aim of study was to assess the effects of acutely and subchronically applied Met on oxidative stress parameters in rat plasma [enzymes: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidise (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and index of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA)], and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in rat cardiac tissue. Methods. The enzymes activities, as well as MDA concentration were evaluated following acute (n = 8) and subchronic (n = 10) application of Met [i.p. 0.8 mmoL/kg body weight (b.w.) in a single dose in the acute overload or daily during three weeks in the subchronic overload]. The same was done in the control groups following application of physiological solution [i.p. 1 mL 0.9% NaCl (n = 8) in the acute overload and 0.1?0.2 mL 0.9% NaCl, daily during three weeks (n =10) in the subchronic overload]. Tested parameters were evaluated 60 minutes after application in acute experiments and after three weeks of treatment in subchronic experiments. Results. There were no difference in homocysteine values between the groups treated with Met for three weeks and the control group. Met administration significantly increased the activity of CAT and GPx after 1 h compared to the control group (p = 0.008 for both enzymes), whereas the activity of SOD and MDA concentrations were unchanged. Subchronically applied Met did not affect activity of antioxidant enzymes and MDA level. AChE activity did not show any change in rat cardiac tissue after 1 h, but it was significantly decreased after the subchronic treatment (p = 0.041). Conclusion. Results of present research indicate that Met differently affects estimated parameters during acute and subchronic application. In the acute treatment Met mobilizes the most part of antioxidant enzymes while during the subchronic treatment these changes seems to be lost. On the contrary, the acute Met overload was not sufficient to influence on the AChE activity, while longer duration of Met loading diminished function of the enzyme. These findings point out that methionine can interfere with antioxidant defense system and cholinergic control of the heart function.

scholarly journals A Subpressor Dose of Angiotensin II Elevates Blood Pressure in a Normotensive Rat Model by Oxidative Stress

2015 ◽  
pp. 153-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. GOVENDER ◽  
A. NADAR
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

Oxidative stress is an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants, and is an important etiological factor in the development of hypertension. Recent experimental evidence suggests that subpressor doses of angiotensin II elevate oxidative stress and blood pressure. We aimed to investigate the oxidative stress related mechanism by which a subpressor dose of angiotensin II induces hypertension in a normotensive rat model. Normotensive male Wistar rats were infused with a subpressor dose of angiotensin II for 28 days. The control group was sham operated and infused with saline only. Plasma angiotensin II and H2O2 levels, whole-blood glutathione peroxidase, and AT-1a, Cu/Zn SOD, and p22phox mRNA expression in the aorta was assessed. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were elevated in the experimental group. There was no change in angiotensin II levels, but a significant increase in AT-1a mRNA expression was found in the experimental group. mRNA expression of p22phox was increased significantly and Cu/Zn SOD decreased significantly in the experimental group. There was no significant change to the H2O2 and GPx levels. Angiotensin II manipulates the free radical-antioxidant balance in the vasculature by selectively increasing O2− production and decreasing SOD activity and causes an oxidative stress induced elevation in blood pressure in the Wistar rat.

scholarly journals Effects of ligature-induced periodontitis in pregnant Wistar rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Ponzio de Azevedo Galvão ◽  
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing ◽  
Maria Beatriz Cardoso Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Adult ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Male Adult

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ligature-induced periodontal disease in pregnant rats on their newborn's health parameters. Twenty-four female adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups: the control group (G1) and the group that was submitted to dental ligatures around second upper molars (G2). After the four week period of development of periodontitis, the female animals were mated with male adult Wistar rats. There were no differences in the body weight of females between the two groups during mating and pregnancy. No differences were observed among the groups in relation to the viable newborn index. However, there were differences in newborn birth weight, explained by the diverse size of the litters. In this study, ligature-induced periodontal disease did not promote changes during pregnancy that resulted in low birth weight in newborn Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Effects of Propolis Extract Supplementation during Pregnancy on Stress Oxidative and Pregnancy Outcome: Levels of Malondialdehyde, 8-Oxo-2′-Deoxogunosine, Maternal Body Weight, and Number of Fetuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Joko Wahyu Wibowo ◽  
Minidian Fasitasari ◽  
Siti Thomas Zulaikhah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Feeding Tube ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Group I

<p>Oxidative stress is related to pregnancy complications that could increase maternal and infant mortality. This study aimed to determine the effect of propolis extract supplementation during pregnancy on oxidative stress level and pregnancy outcomes utilizing Malonedealdehyde (MDA) and 8-Oxo-2′-Deoxogunosine (8-OHdG) levels, maternal body weight, and the average number of fetuses as the parameters. The study was conducted by using a posttest only control group design on 24 pregnant Wistar rats, which were divided into four groups. Group I was control, Group II-IV were the treatment groups given propolis extract of 1.8mg, 3.6mg, and 7.2mg/200gBW/day, respectively. The standard feed given was AIN93G dose of 20g/day and distilled water ad libitum. Propolis extract was given using a gastric feeding tube every morning for 20 days. At the end of the treatment, body weight was meisured and blood collected for assessed MDA and 8-OHdG levels  by ELISA method  and then we performed abdominal surgery to count number of fetuses. The result are there were decreasing level of MDA and 8-OHDG by administration of propolis significantly (p&lt;0.05) group: I: 2,04±0,091, II: 1,55±0,067, III: 1,05±0,176, IV: 0,73±0,075 (mmol/mL) (p=0.001); 8 OHdG level (ng/mL) group I: 10,02±0,403, II: 8,60±0,078, III: 7,89±0,051, IV: 7,53±0,063 (p=0,001). Average of maternal body weight (g) were increased: group I: 228,33±3,93, II: 237,17±4,36, III: 244,83±4,02, IV: 248,00±5,76 (p=0,001) and Average number of fetuses tend to increased as well, group I : 8,5±0,05, II: 7,8±0,41, III: 9,5±1,05, IV: 9,6±0,52 (p=0,02). The conclusion of this research are supplementation of propolis extract in pregnant rats can reduce oxidative stress and improve pregnancy outcomes.</p>

scholarly journals The Effect of Herniarin on Spatial Working Memory, Pain Threshold, and Oxidative Stress in Ischemic Hypoperfusion Model in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Zahra Nazari Barchestani ◽  
◽  
Maryam Rafieirad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Pain Thresholds ◽  
Ischemic Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background: Ischemia causes severe neuronal damage and induces oxidative stress, memory impairment, and reduces pain threshold. Herniarin is a powerful antioxidant. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herniarin on memory, pain, and oxidative stress in an ischemia model in male rats. Materials & Methods: In this study, 50 male rats were divided into 5 groups of control, sham, ischemic, and two other ischemic groups, which received herniarin at doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg by gavage for 14 days. Behavioral tests were performed by shuttle box, and Y-maze and pain tests were performed by Tail-Flick test. Then, the rats’ brains were extracted to evaluate lipid peroxidation and measure the levels of thiol and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) in the hippocampus and striatum tissues. The results were expressed as Mean±SEM and then analyzed using suitable statistical methods of ANOVA and least significant difference post-hoc test in SPSS V. 20. Results: Herniarin significantly increased the avoidance memory, spatial memory, and pain thresholds of ischemic rats at different concentrations (P<0.001). Besides, the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiol in the ischemic group increased significantly in comparison to the control group (P<0.001). Also, in the ischemic group, GPX (P<0.001) significantly decreased. Decreased MDA (P<0.001) and thiol (P<0.001) and increased GPX levels were observed with herniarin administration (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to this study’s results, herniarin can remove free radicals and oxidant substances from the brain. Thus, it improves memory and pain thresholds in the brain hypoperfusion ischemia model.

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