scholarly journals Ethosome: a novel vesicular carrier for transdermal drug delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 318-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saquib Raza Zahid ◽  
Neeraj Upmanyu ◽  
Surendra Dangi ◽  
Sudhir Kumar Ray ◽  
Prabhat Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Randomized Clinical Study

Delivery across skin is striking due to its easy convenience. However, drug delivery across skin is still a confront in biomedical sciences. Over the past few decades, various successful narrative devices and techniques have emerged to optimize drug delivery across skin whose barricading behaviour constricts entry of most of the therapeutic agents. Ethosomes are non-invasive delivery transporter that enables drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation. Although ethosomal systems are theoretically sophisticated, they are characterized by simplicity in their preparation, efficacy and safety. A combination that can highly inflate their application. Ethosomes are soft, malleable vesicles adapted for enhanced delivery of active agents. This article reviews work carried out method of preparation, application and characterization of ethosomal systems. Because of their exceptional structure, ethosomes are able to encapsulate and deliver through the skin highly lipophilic molecules such as testosterone, cannabinoids and minoxidil as well as cationic drugs such as trihexyphenidil and propranolol. Results obtained in a double-blind two-armed randomized clinical study showed that treatment with the ethosomal acyclovir formulation appreciably improved all the evaluated parameters. In further work, the ethosomal expertise was broadened to introduce agents into cultured cells and microorganisms. Enhanced delivery of bioactive molecules through the skin and cellular membranes by means of an ethosomal transporter opens numerous confronts and prospects for the research and future development of novel improved therapies. Keywords: Ethosomes, Skin layers, Characterization

Echogenic bubbles: An new avenue for cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Rajeswari Saripilli1 ◽  
Pikkala Shirisha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ultrasound Molecular Imaging ◽  
Novel Drug

The development of micro and nanobubbles as theranostics is been an emerging trend in the 21st century. Ultrasound molecular imaging is a real-time non-invasive, cost-effective, promising non-viral tool, which is been widely used in the recent times. These micro and nanobubbles are marked as ultrasound agents for both diagnosis and targeting therapeutic agents. These are designed in order to obtain efficient drug delivery. Micro and nanobubbles are very much used for targeting drug and achieving site specific release. These are stable and have longer residence time in systemic circulation, finally shows efficient and promising drug delivery [1]. These echogenic bubbles are helpful for disease diagnosis and therapy more prominently when compared with other novel drug delivery systems. This review describes about functioning of micro and nanobubbles along with mechanism, preparation and studies which describes the works on micro and nanobubbles.

scholarly journals Revolutionary Approach towards Transdermal Drug Delivery: Ethosomal Gels

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Ezekiel O. Kehinde ◽  
Shah Akrutiben ◽  
Janki Patel
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Stratum Corneum ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Topical Drug Delivery ◽  
Biological Barrier ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive

The human body is up of the skin which is the largest organ in the body and hence acts as a biological barrier that obstructs drug movement across the stratum corneum into the systemic circulation. The topical drug delivery system serves as a delivery system in which drugs are delivered for systemic circulation through the skin. Low diffusion rate across the stratum corneum is the main disadvantage of this system and for this limitation to be overcome, an Ethosomal formulation can be formulated which acts as a delivery system for the drug to be delivered across the biological barrier of the skin into the body. In ethosomal gel formulation, The prepared Ethosome is converted into a gel that can be applied to the skin what makes ethosomal gel formulation unique which enables drugs to reach the deep skin layers and/or the systemic circulation and enhance the delivery of active agents. In addition to this, it is also a malleable vesicular delivery carrier, soft and non-invasive. There is also a higher influx of drugs transdermally into the skin as ethosomal gel formulation allows drug to penetrate deep into the skin and enters systemic circulation. There is the development of new and novel therapies for the treatment of disease through the ethosomal drug delivery system as it is safe and effective and also easy to prepare. Topics ranging from preparation of ethosomes, Ethosomal gel, advantages and disadvantages, and characterization techniques are focused on in this review article.

scholarly journals Non-invasive drug delivery technology: development and current status of transdermal drug delivery devices, techniques and biomedical applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naseem Akhtar ◽  
Varsha Singh ◽  
Mohammad Yusuf ◽  
Riaz A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Delivery Options

AbstractPay-load deliveries across the skin barrier to the systemic circulation have been one of the most challenging delivery options. Necessitated requirements of the skin and facilitated skin layer cross-over delivery attempts have resulted in development of different non-invasive, non-oral methods, devices and systems which have been standardized, concurrently used and are in continuous upgrade and improvements. Iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis, dermal patches, nanocarriers, needled and needle-less shots, and injectors are among some of the methods of transdermal delivery. The current review covers the current state of the art, merits and shortcomings of the systems, devices and transdermal delivery patches, including drugs’ and other payloads’ passage facilitation techniques, permeation and absorption feasibility studies, as well as physicochemical properties affecting the delivery through different transdermal modes along with examples of drugs, vaccines, genes and other payloads.

scholarly journals Artifactual Lung Ultrasonography: It Is a Matter of Traps, Order, and Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Soldati ◽  
Andrea Smargiassi ◽  
Libertario Demi ◽  
Riccardo Inchingolo
Keyword(s):  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Order And Disorder ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
B Lines

When inspecting the lung with standard ultrasound B-mode imaging, numerous artifacts can be visualized. These artifacts are useful to recognize and evaluate several pathological conditions in Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine. More recently, the interest of the Pulmonologists has turned to the echographic study of the interstitial pathology of the lung. In fact, all lung pathologies which increase the density of the tissue, and do not consolidate the organ, are characterized by the presence of ultrasound artifacts. Many studies of the past have only assessed the number of vertical artifacts (generally known as B-Lines) as a sign of disease severity. However, recent observations suggest that the appearance of the individual artifacts, their variability, and their internal structure, may play a role for a non-invasive characterization of the surface of the lungs, directing the diagnoses and identifying groups of diseases. In this review, we discuss the meaning of lung ultrasound artifacts, and introduce hypothesis on the correlation between their presence and the structural variation of the sub-pleural tissue in light of current knowledge of the acoustic properties of the pleural plane.

Synthesis and Characterization of Inclusion Complex of Diminazene Aceturate with b-Ciclodextrin

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2136-2140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Cristian Lupu ◽  
Mihaela Bombos ◽  
Gabriel Vasilievici ◽  
Liviu-Dan Miron
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Inclusion Complex ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Drug Delivery Carrier ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Molecular Therapeutic ◽  
A Site ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

Cyclodextrins (CD) are macrocyclic biopolymers with potential applications in the delivery of small and macro-molecular therapeutic agents. Despite the potent host-guest inclusion property, their inherent lack of cellular binding ability has limited applications in drug delivery. Herein, we functionalized b-cyclodextrin (b-CD) with diminazene aceturate(DIMA), which are bioactive molecules, widely distributed some cells, and responsible for antiprotozoal activity. The inclusion complex of DIMA with b-CD was confirmed with textural, thermogravimetric, calorimetric, spectroscopic, and microscopic techniques. Thus, the proposed inclusion complex b-CD-DIMA system could be used as a site-specific drug delivery carrier.

scholarly journals STATE-OF-THE-ART NANOTECHNOLOGY BASED DRUG DELIVERY STRATEGIES TO COMBAT COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
SHARON K. JOSEPH ◽  
ARYA M. A. ◽  
SACHIN THOMAS ◽  
SREEJA C. NAIR
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Delivery Strategies ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

The emerging Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact on all important aspects of our society. As it is known, SARS-Cov-2 can withstand up to 72 h in adverse environmental conditions, which can aid its rapid spread. Woefully, an efficacious and approbated vaccine for the SARS-CoV-2 virus remains unavailable, which makes the problem more frightening and presently more complicated bestowing forlorn medical care. Nevertheless, global clinical research is studying several over-the-counter (OTC) drugs approved for other indications to confront coronavirus. Over the past decade, therapeutic nanoparticles have been regarded as a felicitous tool for the efficient and persnickety delivery of therapeutic groups (i.e., drugs, vaccines, siRNAs, and peptides) to the site of infection. They can adequately convey the drug encapsulated nanoparticle to a designated locus without instigating unsought effects. Besides, they acquiesce the use of non-invasive imaging methods to monitor the surface of the infection and the response to treatment. The formulated nanoparticle is apposite for intranasal drug delivery which is a meritorious method to deliver therapeutic moiety for viral diseases affecting the lungs. Applying nanoparticles via intranasal route surmounted several demerits of mucosal administration like circumventing enzymatic degradation of the therapeutic moiety, upgrading and prolonging the action of the drug, etc., and can thus corroborate as an exceptional strategy to encounter respiratory viruses like coronavirus. In this article, we illuminate the promising role of nanoparticles as effective carriers of therapeutic or immunomodulatory agents to help combat COVID-19. The search criteria used were Pubmed, Medscape, Google scholar, etc and the keywords are coronavirus, nanoformulations, nanoparticles, drug delivery, intranasal delivery, etc. The articles range from 2012 to 2020.

Nanoparticles and their Therapeutic Applications in Pharmacy

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 2509-2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.P. Gadad ◽  
Vijay Kumar S M ◽  
P M Dandagi ◽  
U B Bolmol ◽  
N. Pavani Pallavi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Nanoscale Materials ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Physical Approach ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Biomedical Fields ◽  
Sustained Rate

Nanotechnology is providing solutions several pharma-ceutical drug delivery issues. With the emergence of nanotechnology, researchers become more interested in studying the unique properties of nanoscale materials. Nanoparticles are attractive tool in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. These particulate systems have been used as a physical approach to alter and improve the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various types of drug/proteins. Nanoparticles have been used in-vivo to protect the drug/proteins molecules in the systemic circulation, targeting of the drug to the chosen sites and to deliver the drug at a controlled and sustained rate to the site of action. Various types polymers have been used in the formulation of nanoparticles for drugs, proteins, and hormone delivery are discussed in this article. It also describes various methods of preparation, advantages, disadvantages and their applications in biomedical fields. It provides an overview of characterization of nanoparticles, storage, and commercially available nanoformulations.

scholarly journals The Emerging Role of Ionic Liquid-Based Approaches for Enhanced Skin Permeation of Bioactive Molecules: A Snapshot of the Past Couple of Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11991
Author(s):  
Ana Gomes ◽  
Luísa Aguiar ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz ◽  
Cátia Teixeira ◽  
Paula Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Skin Permeation ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Permeation Enhancers ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
The Past ◽  
Percutaneous Permeation

Topical and transdermal delivery systems are of undeniable significance and ubiquity in healthcare, to facilitate the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients, respectively, onto or across the skin to enter systemic circulation. From ancient ointments and potions to modern micro/nanotechnological devices, a variety of approaches has been explored over the ages to improve the skin permeation of diverse medicines and cosmetics. Amongst the latest investigational dermal permeation enhancers, ionic liquids have been gaining momentum, and recent years have been prolific in this regard. As such, this review offers an outline of current methods for enhancing percutaneous permeation, highlighting selected reports where ionic liquid-based approaches have been investigated for this purpose. Future perspectives on use of ionic liquids for topical delivery of bioactive peptides are also presented.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document