scholarly journals Genetic components estimation of F1 population of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in drought stress condition.

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
Adinda Wuriandani ◽  
Sobir Sobir ◽  
Desta Wirnas ◽  
Agung Wahyu Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Cocoa Production

Drought stress is a major constraint in cocoa production. The use of drought tolerant clone is the most efficient tool to overcome drought problem in cocoa production. North Carolina II (NCII) mating-design was used to identify parental and progeny performance in drought stress. The crossing consisted of three female parent clones namely KW 516, Sulawesi 3, and TSH 858, while male parent clones were ICCRI 09 and Scavina 6 then produced 6 combinations crosses. Genotypes used were 11 genotypes consisted of 5 parent clones and 6 cross genotypes. Drought treatment was applied to cocoa seedlings at 6 weeks after sowing with 25% and 100% available water content. The plants were maintained without water for five days to modulate the drought intensity. Variables observed were stem diameter, root length, root volume, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and root/shoot ratio characters at 16 weeks after sowing. Based on the estimated general combining ability (GCA) value, TSH 858 was the best female parent, while Scavina 6 was the best male parent. Based on the estimated specific combining ability (SCA) value Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 and TSH 858 x Scavina 6 were the best crosses. Based on the estimation of its genetic components, characters of drought tolerance stress were affected by additive genes. The dominant gene only affected the root fresh weight and root/shoot ratio. Based on SSI values, TSH 858 and Sulawesi 3 clones were drought-resistant clones, ICCRI 09 was moderate clone, and KW 516 and Scavina 6 were susceptible. Some of the findings were in contrast with earlier study.

scholarly journals Seedling performance of cocoa genotypes (Theobroma cacao L.) in Drought Stress Condition.

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Agung Wahyu Susilo ◽  
Sobir Sobir ◽  
Adinda Wuriandani ◽  
Desta Wirnas
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Available Water Content ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Main Plot

Drought stress can affect changes in physiological, morphological, biochemical,and molecular of plant. Plant in drought stress showed slower growthand development than in normal condition. This research aimed to determine the response of cocoa genotypes in seedling phase to drought stress in morphological and stomata character. This research conducted with split-plot design with main plot were water regimes (25% and 100% available water content). Eleven genotypes were used in this research consisted of six genotypes crosses and five genotypes parents. Variables observed were stem diameter, root volume, root length, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, root/shoot ratio, and stomatal conductance. Drought stress decreased values associated with all observed morphological characters and stomata characters. Root/shoot ratio and stomatal conductance can be used to determine genotype with tolerance to drought. Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 showed heighest in root/shoot ratio and stomatal conductance. Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 can be used as candidate of plant material tolerant to drought.

scholarly journals Selenyum Uygulaması ile Yetiştirilen Adaçayı Bitkisinden Elde Edilen Hidrosollerin Çemen ve Kişniş Tohumlarının Çimlenmesi Üzerine Etkisi

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp2) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Ferit Özen ◽  
Gülsüm Yaldız ◽  
Mahmut Çamlıca ◽  
Halit Aşkın ◽  
Abdurrahman Başol
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Mean

This research was carried out in the climate chamber in order to determine the effect of hydrosols obtained from sage grown with selenium application on germination of fenugreek and coriander seeds. Different concentrations of sage hydrosol (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 ml) and purified water used as control were applied to the fenugreek and coriander seeds. Germination rate, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, shoot length and root / shoot ratio of fenugreek and coriander seeds were applied. Variance analysis was performed according to the split plot design and the mean values were compared with LSD test. According to the results of the research; germination rate of fenugreek seeds 38.35-51.00%, fresh weight 0.04-0.12 g, dry weight 0.001-0.035 g, root length 0.71-2.02 cm, shoot length 1.27-3.20 cm, root/shoot ratio varied between 0.34-0.82, germination rate of coriander seeds 18.61-39.21%, fresh weight 0.0011-0.034 g, dry weight 0.004-0.030 g, root length 1.5-4.58 cm, shoot length 1.08-3.69 cm, root/shoot ratio 0.47-2.51 were found. The highest germination rate was obtained in 2.5 ml dose of sage hydrosol (51.00%) in fenugreek seeds and the highest germination rate was found in 7.5 ml dose of sage hydrosol (39.21%) in coriander seeds.

scholarly journals Estimation of Genetic Components of Cocoa Populations (Theobroma cacao L.) in Seedling Phase

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
Agung Wahyu Susilo ◽  
Sobir ◽  
Desta Wirnas ◽  
Adinda Wuriandani
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Genetic Components

Seedling is often used as planting material and rootstock for clonal propagation in cocoa. Seedling as cocoa planting material came form superior parents or crosses of superior parents. The research aimed to estimate the genetic components of cocoa morphological characters using the North Carolina II mating design. Three female parent genotypes, namely KW 516, Sulawesi 3, and TSH 858, were crossed with two male parent genotypes, namely ICCRI 09 and Scavina 6. Observed variables consisted of plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, root length, root volume, shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, root:shoot ratio at 16 weeks after showing. General combining ability (GCA) value showed Sulawesi 3 as the best female parent, and Scavina 6 as the best male parent. Specific combining ability (SCA) values showed TSH 858 x Scavina 6, KW 516 x ICCRI 09, and Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 as the best crosses. Sulawesi 3 x ICCRI 09 seedlings had good vigor and met the criteria for transplanting. Cocoa morphological characters were affected by dominant gene action except for root volume. Keywords: seedling, North Carolina II, general combining ability, specific combining ability

scholarly journals Comparison of some physiological responces to salinity and normal conditions in Sugar Beet 

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Khorshid ◽  
F.A. Moghadam ◽  
I. Bernousi ◽  
S. Khayamim ◽  
A. Rajabi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saline Condition ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Total Dry Weight

This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Iran in 2016. In this research, variations in different physiological and yield traits measurement of total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, relative water loss, root length, leaf area, root/shoot ratio, specific leaf weigh, sodium content, potassium content and proline were investigated in normal and saline condition. The results indicated that in saline condition, total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root/Shoot ratio, specific leaf weight, root length, proline and Na content were increased and the other traits were decreased. Study of correlation of traits showed that most significant difference between the two conditions was observed for the root/shoot ratio, so that, this trait has negative significant relation with total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, leaf area, root length, specific leaf weight in saline condition, but in normal condition correlation is positive and significant only in the total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dray weight and was not significant in the other traits. Step-wise regression analysis for total dry weight as dependent variable revealed that in normal condition, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and Na content expound of 93.1% and in saline condition root fresh weight, root length, Na content and proline explicate of 81.3% of total variation exist in total dry weight. Therefore, it is suggested to consider different traits in breeding programs for normal and saline conditions.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF LEGUMINOUS WEEDS ON RATE, SYNCHRONIZATION AND TIME OF GERMINATION, AND BIOMASS PARTITIONING IN RICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ZOHAIB ◽  
S.A. ANJUM ◽  
A. JABBAR ◽  
T. TABASSUM ◽  
T. ABBAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biomass Partitioning ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Medicago Polymorpha ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio

ABSTRACT The present study was aimed at determining the allelopathic influence of water extracts at varying concentrations (2.5% and 5% w/v) and residues with varying decomposition periods (0, 15 and 30 days) at 2% (w/w) concentration of four weeds (Trigonella polycerata, Vicia sativa, Lathyrus aphaca, Medicago polymorpha) against rate, synchronization and time of germination, and biomass partitioning of rice through plant and soil bioassays. Germination and biomass partitioning in rice plants were inhibited by extracts and residues. The maximum decrease in energy of germination (88.6%) and increase in time for 50% germination (210.4%) were caused by the L. aphaca extract at 5% concentration as compared to control. Root and shoot, fresh weight (13.6 and 28.6%, respectively) and dry weight (20.4 and 41.7%, respectively) were reduced by the M. polymorpha extract at 5% concentration. The Vicia sativa extract at both concentrations caused a great increase in the root/shoot ratio (125-145.8%). Trigonella polycerata and V. sativa residues decomposed for 30 days caused maximum inhibition of energy of emergence (71.4%) and their decomposition for zero and 15 days, respectively, inhibited coefficient of uniformity of emergence (78.9%). Medicago polymorpha and L. aphaca residues decomposed for 30 days exaggerated time for 50% emergence (47.1 and 50.3%, respectively) when compared with control. Medicago polymorpha residues decomposed for 30 days exerted the greatest inhibitory effect on shoot fresh weight (46.1%) and root dry weight (59.9%). Vicia sativa with 30 days and T. polycerata residues without decomposition produced the least root fresh weight (65.3%) and shoot dry weight (52.6%), respectively. The root/shoot ratio (56.8%) was increased by T. polycerata residues without decomposition. Phenolics from leguminous weeds caused inhibition of germination/emergence and biomass partitioning in rice. Therefore, these weeds must be eradicated from the field at their initial growth stages.

scholarly journals Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 706-714
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Naveed Iqbal Raja ◽  
Bilal Javed ◽  
Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani ◽  
Mubashir Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

AbstractThe present study was aimed to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and assess their foliar applications to improve the growth of wheat plants under controlled irrigation and drought stress. Bud aqueous extract of Allium sativum L. was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of SeNPs followed by their optical and morphological characterization by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Various concentrations of SeNPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) were applied exogenously to drought-tolerant (V1) and drought-susceptible (V2) wheat varieties at the trifoliate stage. Under the positive control conditions, plants were irrigated with 450 mL of water/pot (100% field capacity); and under water-deficit environment, plants were irrigated with 160 mL of water/pot (35% field capacity). Remarkable increase in plant height, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, and leaf length has been observed when 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was used. However, the plant morphological parameters decreased gradually at higher concentrations (40 mg/L) in both selected wheat varieties. Therefore, 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was found most preferable to enhance the growth of selected wheat varieties under normal and water-deficient conditions.

scholarly journals In vitro screening of rice genotypes using polyethylene glycol under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Akte ◽  
S Yasmin ◽  
MJH Bhuiyan ◽  
F Khatun ◽  
J Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Relative Water

Five rice varieties viz. Binadhan-4, Binadhan-5, Binadhan-6, Binadhan-10 and Iratom-24 were evaluated in vitro under different water stress conditions. Several parameters such as germination percentage, shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight, relative water content and proline accumulation were studied. Drought condition was created by MS medium supplemented with five treatments of PEG, with a control such as 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of PEG. The highest germination (100%) was found in the variety Binadhan-10 under low water stress conditions induced by 1% PEG. Similarly, the highest percentage of germination was found in all varieties under control condition (0% PEG). The lowest percentage of germination was obtained in the variety Iratom-24. But under severe stress (4% PEG), the highest percentage of germination was found only in the variety Binadhan-10. Moreover, the variety Binadhan-10 was found to be the best at 4% PEG for shoot length, root length, shoot-root ratio, relative water content and also the best at 1% PEG for fresh weight, dry weight, turgid weight. Water stress decreased relative water content and increased proline accumulation in rice. The highest relative water content was recorded in the variety Binadhan-10 and the lowest value recorded in the variety Binadhan-5. The highest proline content was obtained from the binadhan-6 at the highest treatment (4% PEG). Binadhan-10 showed the best performance almost in all the parameters under drought stress because of its own nature of tolerancy.Progressive Agriculture 27 (2): 128-135, 2016

scholarly journals Production Techniques for Highrise™ and Seedling Live Oak

2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Edward F. Gilman ◽  
Ann Stodola ◽  
Michael D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Quercus Virginiana ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Live Oak ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Production Techniques

Abstract Cutting propagated Quercus virginiana ‘QVTIA’ Highrise™ PP #11219 and seedling live oak required the same amount of time to prune to a dominant leader in the nursery. Highrise™ live oaks were more uniform in caliper, height and root ball characteristics than the seedling crop. Finished seedling trees had larger caliper than cutting propagated Highrise™ but height was similar. Root pruning horizontal roots alone or in combination with placing root pruning fabric under the liner at planting reduced dry weight of roots in the root ball by reducing large-diameter root weight and increasing small-diameter root weight. Trees produced by both methods of root pruning survived the digging process better than non root-pruned trees in the summer digging season. Seedlings had more root weight in the root ball and a higher root: shoot ratio than Highrise™ live oak. But Highrise™ had a 45% greater small diameter root: shoot ratio than seedling live oak, and more Highrise™ survived the digging process than seedlings. Highrise™ may not need root pruning during production if dug in the dormant season.

scholarly journals DROUGHT-TOLERANT MAIZE GENOTYPES INVEST IN ROOT SYSTEM AND MAINTAIN HIGH HARVEST INDEX DURING WATER STRESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
RONIEL GERALDO AVILA ◽  
PAULO CESÁR MAGALHÃES ◽  
AMAURI ALVES DE ALVARENGA ◽  
ALYNE DE OLIVEIRA LAVINSKY ◽  
CLEIDE NASCIMENTO CAMPOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Root System ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Source Sink

ABSTRACT – Drought is considered the primary limitation to agriculture and, can reduce grain yield by up to 60%when occurs at pre-flowering in maize. In this context this research, aimed to understand the maize genotypes behaviorto drought management and carbon partitioning between grain production and structures to maintain hydration whensubmitted to drought. Maize genotypes tolerant (DKB390 and P30F35) and sensitive (BRS1010 and 2B710) to droughtwere grown in a greenhouse using two water conditions: irrigated and stressed. Water deficit was imposed atpre-flowering and maintained for twelve days. Leaf water potential, gaseous exchange and male and female floweringinterval were evaluated. At the end of the cycle, production components and root/shoot ratio dry weight were evaluated.Drought-tolerant genotypes used root system as a mechanism of tolerance to drought, which ensure greater efficiencyin absorption and loss of water and, consequently, greater stomatal conductance during the drought, compared to thesensitive-genotypes. In addition, drought-tolerant genotypes showed greater stability in the source-sink relationship,exhibiting higher photosynthetic rate and harvest index.Keywords: water stress, carbon partitioning; root/shoot ratio dry weight, gas exchanges, Zea mays.GENÓTIPOS DE MILHO TOLERANTES À SECA INVESTEM EM SISTEMA RADICULARE MANTEM ALTO ÍNDICE DE COLHEITA DURANTE O ESTRESSE HÍDRICORESUMO- A seca é considerada restrição primária à agricultura, e no milho, quando ocorre no pré-florescimento,pode reduzir o rendimento de grãos em até 60%. Neste contexto, objetivou-se entender como genótipos de milhocontrastantes para tolerância à seca, gerenciam o particionamento de carbono entre produção de grãos e estruturasde manutenção da hidratação durante a seca. Para isso, em casa de vegetação cultivaram-se genótipos de milhotolerantes (DKB390 e P30F35) e sensíveis (BRS1010 e 2B710) à seca, em duas condições hídricas: irrigadonormal e déficit hídrico. No pré-florecimento foi imposto o déficit hídrico, que foi mantido por doze dias.Posteriormente avaliou-se o potencial hídrico foliar, trocas gasosas e intervalo de florescimento masculino e feminino.No final do ciclo, avaliaram-se os componentes de produção e a razão raiz/parte aérea. Constatou-se que, genótipostolerantes utilizaram preferencialmente sistema radicular como um mecanismo de tolerância à seca, o que garantiu aesses genótipos, maior eficiência entre a absorção e perda de água e, consequentemente, maior condutância estomáticadurante a seca, em relação aos genótipos sensíveis. Além disso, os genótipos tolerantes apresentaram maior equilíbrioem suas relações fonte e dreno, exibindo maiores taxa fotossintética e índice de colheita.Palavras-chave: estresse hídrico, particionamento de carbono, razão raiz/parte aérea, trocas gasosas, Zea mays.                                                     

scholarly journals Screening of Mungbean Genotypes under Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Induced Drought Stress Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abdullah All Imtiaz ◽  
Saleh Ahmed Shahriar ◽  
Md. Abdullahil Baque ◽  
Most. Nurjahan Khatun Eaty ◽  
Maliha Rahman Falguni
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Drought Stress Condition

Sixteen advance genotypes of mungbeans under 5 different concentrations of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) were studied to find out the better cultivar against drought stress condition. The experiment results revealed that germination, seedling production and water-related behavior of mungbean genotypes differed significantly under different PEG (drought inducer) concentrations. The mungbean genotype BINA Mung-6 (V8) is proved as highly tolerant against drought stress condition among all other tested genotypes. The results of the investigation revealed that BINA Mung-6 (V8) genotype consistently scored the highest value for all parameters except for the root shoot ratio and water retention capacity that was statistically comparable to genotypes BARI Mung-4 (V2) and BINA Mung-5 (V7). Consistently poor performance were recorded from IPM-02-03 (V16) genotype which is statistically similar as genotypes BMXK1-09015-2 (V13) and BMXK1-09015-6 (V10). The maximum percentage of germination (98.12%), shoot length (139.40 mm), root length (99.07 mm), shoot dry weight (22.32 mg), root dry weight (6.88 mg), relative water content (94.78), water retention capacity (24.98), germination co-efficient (22.27) and vigor index (233.90) were reported from BINA Mung-6 (V8) at a concentration of 0 percent PEG. The minimum percentage of germination (28.22 percent), shoot length (31.17 mm), root length (16.50 mm), shoot dry weight (2.21 mg), root dry weight (0.97 mg), relative water content (25.55), water retention capacity (3.08), germination co-efficient (6.06) and vigor index (13.45) were reported from IPM-02-03 (V16) mungbean advance lines at 0 percent PEG. Maximum (0.92) root shoot ratio was recorded from both BARI Mung-8 (V6) and BMX-08011-2 (V11) mungbean genotypes at 20 percent PEG concentration and minimum (0.22) at 0 percent PEG concentration from BARI Mung-5 (V3) genotype. Maximum water retention capacity (74.45) was recorded at 20 per cent PEG concentration from IPM-02-03 (V16) genotype and minimum (5.22) was at 0 per cent PEG concentration from BINA Mung-6 (V8) genotype.

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