scholarly journals Effectiveness of Indaziflam and Glyphosate Tank Mix to Control Weed in Mature Oil Palm

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Wiharti Oktaria Purba ◽  
Hari Priwiratama ◽  
Agus Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Field Condition ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Proper Timing

Tank mixing of pre and post emergence herbicides with proper timing application is one potential way to reduce the rotation of herbicide application per year. An experiment was conducted in the field of 10 years old mature oil palm using the mixture of indaziflam 50 - 150 g a.i./ha and glyphosate 135 g a.i./ha. The standard herbicide used in the estate (mixture of methyl-metsulfuron 10 g a.i/ha and glyphosate 135 g a.i./ha) was used as a comparison. The experiment was designed by randomized block of 6 treatments and 4 repetitions. Herbicides were applied in rotation based on the designed timetable following field condition and certain policy in the estate. Indaziflam had shown its ability to suppress the growth of weed up to 9 months after application, just by the lowest dosage of 50 g b.a./ha. Indaziflam is safe to be used in the plantation as it showed no toxic nor negative effects to the oil palm. The mixture of indaziflam and standard herbicide have also reduced the rotation of herbicide application to twice a year.

scholarly journals Microhabitats Utilization by Solitary Parasitoids and Predatory Insects as Indicators of Oil Palm Agroecosystem’s Capacity to Support Insect Species Diversity

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 2153-2166
Author(s):  
Ahmad Bukhary A.K. ◽  
Ruslan M.Y. ◽  
Noor Hisham H. ◽  
Muzamil M. ◽  
Abu Hassan A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Predatory Insects ◽  
Abundance Fluctuations

Microhabitats capacity to support insect species diversity and persistence were evaluated implementing solitary parasitoids and predatory insects according to different phases of herbicide and chemical fertilizer applications. Two species of the genus Xanthopimpla (Ichneumonidae) and one species of the genus Pompilus (Pompilidae) showed relationships on vegetation-type microhabitats, notably natural weeds, leguminous cover crops, and the beneficial plant Turnera subulata, while two species of the genus Evania (Evaniidae) showed relationships with chipped oil palm trunks. One species from the genus Odontomachus (Formicidae) as an exclusive predatory ant was related to both chipped oil palm trunks and the beneficial plant T. subulata. Xanthopimpla parasitoids exhibited abundance fluctuations difference around natural weeds during herbicide application phases between three- and six-years old oil palm stands, with decreased and increased abundance patterns of the former and the latter, respectively. 18 years old oil palm stand showed increased abundance patterns only along with the different phases of chemical fertilizer applications. The importance of natural weeds diversity, restrictions of leguminous cover crops, frequency of herbicide applications, and the arrangements between beneficial plants and wood-based microhabitats that benefited insect parasitoids and predators were discussed.

scholarly journals Oil palm and rubber expansion facilitates earthworm invasion in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Potapov ◽  
Ina Schaefer ◽  
Malte Jochum ◽  
Rahayu Widyastuti ◽  
Nico Eisenhauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Earthworm Invasion ◽  
Invasive Earthworms ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Density And Biomass

AbstractDeforestation, plantation expansion and other human activities in tropical ecosystems are often associated with biological invasions. These processes have been studied for above-ground organisms, but associated changes below the ground have received little attention. We surveyed rainforest and plantation systems in Jambi province, Sumatra, Indonesia, to investigate effects of land-use change on the diversity and abundance of earthworms—a major group of soil-ecosystem engineers that often is associated with human activities. Density and biomass of earthworms increased 4—30-fold in oil palm and rubber monoculture plantations compared to rainforest. Despite much higher abundance, earthworm communities in plantations were less diverse and dominated by the peregrine morphospecies Pontoscolex corethrurus, often recorded as invasive. Considering the high deforestation rate in Indonesia, invasive earthworms are expected to dominate soil communities across the region in the near future, in lieu of native soil biodiversity. Ecologically-friendly management approaches, increasing structural habitat complexity and plant diversity, may foster beneficial effects of invasive earthworms on plant growth while mitigating negative effects on below-ground biodiversity and the functioning of the native soil animal community.

scholarly journals Seasonal Activity of Fruit Bats in a Monoculture Rubber and Oil Palm Plantation in the Southern Philippines

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-270
Author(s):  
Krizler C. Tanalgo ◽  
Tuanjit Sritongchuay ◽  
Alice C. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Tropical Biodiversity ◽  
Fruit Bat

The increasing expansion of monoculture plantations poses a major threat to Asian tropical biodiversity. Yet, in many countries such as the Philippines, the ability of species to persist within plantations has never been explored. We studied the seasonal activity and response of fruit bats in two types of monocultural plantations (rubber and oil palm) in the Southern Philippines from 2016–17 for 12 months. Our mist-netting and monitoring data showed that both plantations can support cosmopolitan species of fruit bats (Cynopterus brachyotis, Eonycteris spelaea, Macroglossus minimus, Ptenochirus jagori, and Rousettus amplexicaudatus), yet a significant variation in the abundance and guild distribution between plantations was observed. Rubber hosted a higher bat abundance than oil palm, which may be influenced by better habitat structure of the matrix (e.g., presence of orchard and fruit plantations) and practices occurring in the rubber plantation. We find that, among seasonal climatic variables, temperature showed significant negative effects on fruit bat abundance. Our results suggest that although monoculture plantations host low diversity (i.e., richness and endemism) they still support generalists which are still ecologically important species. Furthermore, wildlife-friendly commercial plantation practices could both enhance economic growth and biodiversity conservation in the Philippines. Our data both provide the potential for long-term monitoring in the Philippines and highlight the need for more comprehensive monitoring of other bat functional groups and their ability to transverse plantations to provide a more in-depth understanding of the roles and impacts of plantations and other land-use changes.

scholarly journals Perubahan morfologis dan anatomis kelapa sawit pada rezim air dan salinitas berbeda

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/1963 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
Erick Firmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Duncan Multiple Range Test ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms ◽  
Range Test

Salinitas tinggi dan genangan dapat terjadi pada tempat dan waktu yang sama; meskipun demikian pemahaman terhadap pengaruh kedua kondisi tersebut terhadap pertumbuhan, respon morfologis, dan anatomis kelapa sawit masih sedikit. Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan mengkombinasikan 2 aras salinitas (non salin dan salin) dan tiga taraf genangan (tanpa genangan, interval genangan 2 minggu, dan interval genangan 4 minggu). Penelitian dilakukan dalam pot selama 4 bulan dengan bahan tanam kelapa sawit berumur 4 bulan. Parameter pertumbuhan dianalisis dengan analisis varian dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan pada jenjang nyata 5%. Pengamatan visual secara langsung dan pembuatan preparat melintang akar dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan morfologi dan anatomi tanaman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan salinitas tinggi dan genangan konsisten menurunkan parameter pertumbuhan kelapa sawit. Salinitas tinggi dan genangan tidak secara konsisten mengubah rasio luas masing-masing jaringan penyusun akar primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Kelapa sawit membentuk pneumatophore dan saluran aerenkima pada kondisi genangan, baik non salin maupun salin. Mekanisme adaptasi terhadap genangan tersebut dapat menurunkan pengaruh negatif cekaman salinitas tinggi. High salinity and waterlogging can occur at the same place and time; however, the effects of these two conditions on growth, morphological, and anatomical responses of oil palm was not fully understood. A research had been done by combining two levels of salinity (non saline and saline) and three levels of waterlogging (without waterlogging, two-week waterlogging intervals, and four-week waterlogging intervals). The study was conducted in pots for 4 months used 4 months old oil palm planting material. The growth parameters were analyzed by analysis variance continued by Duncan multiple-range test at 5% level of convidence. The morphological and anatomical changes of plants were observed trought direct observation and root cross section. The results showed that high salinity and waterlogging consistently decreased the oil palm growth parameter. High salinity and waterlogging did not consistently change the ratio of the area of each primary, secondary, and tertiary root tissue. Palm oil formed pneumatophores and aerenchyma under both non saline and saline waterlogging. Adaptation mechanisms to these waterlogging could reduce the negative effects of high salinity stress.

scholarly journals Agricultural productivity and fertility: Evidence from the oil palm boom in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Gehrke ◽  
Christoph Kubitza
Keyword(s):  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Productivity ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Consumption Growth ◽  
Time Period

We analyze the link between agricultural productivity growth and fertility, using the oil palm boom in Indonesia as empirical setting. During the time period 1996 to 2016, we find consistently negative effects of the oil palm expansion on fertility. We explain this finding with rising farm profits, that led to consumption growth, the expansion of the non-agricultural sector, increasing returns to education and to higher school nrollment. Together these findings suggest that agricultural productivity growth can play an important role in accelerating the fertility transition, as long as the economic benefits are large enough to translate into local economic development.

scholarly journals Pengaruh perbedaan waktu turun hujan terhadap aplikasi herbisida kalium glifosat dalam mengendalikan gulma dominan kelapa sawit

Kultivasi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denny Kurniadie ◽  
Yayan Sumekar ◽  
Subhan Nulkarim
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Sari. Rendahnya produktivitas kelapa sawit salah satunya disebabkan oleh adanya kompetisi tanaman dengan gulma. Pengendalian gulma dengan herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L sudah banyak dilakukan dan dinilai efektif. Hambatan yang terjadi yaitu terkadang turun hujan setelah aplikasi herbisida yang menyebabkan efikasi kurang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketahanan herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L akibat pencucian air hujan dalam mengendalikan gulma dominan pada tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor pada bulan Februari sampai bulan April 2018. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah waktu turun hujan setelah aplikasi herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L, yang terdiri dari 0, 1, 2, 3, dan 4 jam setelah aplikasi, tanpa hujan, serta tanpa aplikasi herbisida. Perlakuan diterapkan pada 6 jenis gulma, yaitu Asystasia intrusa, Imperata cylindrica, Borreria alata, Ageratum conyzoides, Paspalum conjugatum dan Setaria plicata. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L mampu mengendalikan 5 jenis gulma yaitu I. cylindrica, A. conyzoides,  S. plicata (persentase kerusakan masing-masing 100%); B. alata (persentase kerusakan 90 – 100%); dan P. conjugatum (persentase kerusakan 51,5 – 100%); secara efektif walaupun tercuci air hujan  antara 2 – 4 jam setelah aplikasi. Herbisida kalium glifosat 660 g/L mampu mengendalikan gulma I. cylindrica (persentase kerusakan 79,6%); B. alata, dan A. conyzoides (persentase kerusakan masing-masing 100%); dengan rentang waktu kurang dari 2 jam setelah aplikasi sebelum tercuci air hujan. Kata kunci: Kelapa Sawit, gulma dominan, Kalium glifosat 660 g/L, turun hujanAbstract. The low productivity of oil palm is caused by competition between crop with weeds. Weed control with potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide has been done and is considered effective. Rainfall after herbicide application can be a problem because efficacy can be less effective. This study aims to determine the effect of rainfall on effectivity of potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide in controlling the dominant weeds of oil palm. The study was carried out at the Ciparanje Experimental Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, from February to April 2018. The experimental design used Randomized Block Design, that consisted of 7 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were the time of rainfall after application of potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide. It consisted of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after herbicide application, without rainfall, and without herbicide application. The treatment was applied to 6 types of weeds. There were Asystasia intrusa, Imperata cylindrica, Borreria alata, Ageratum conyzoides, Paspalum conjugatum, and Setaria plicata. The experimental results showed that potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1  was able to control 5 types of weeds. There were I. cylindrica,  A. conyzoides, S. plicata (each percentage of damage was 100%); B. alata (90-100% damage percentage); P. conjugatum (51.5 – 100% damage percentage); was controlled in rainfall at 2 – 4 hours after herbicide application. Potassium glyphosate 660 g.L-1 herbicide controlled I. cylindrica (79.6% damage percentage); B. Alata and A. conyzoides (each percentage of damage was 100%); in rainfall at less than 2 hours after herbicide application.Keyword: Palm oil, Dominant Weed, Potasium Glyphosate, Rainfall

scholarly journals An Analysis of Superior Plantation Commodities and Referral Development in Bungo Regency, Jambi Province

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
LILI SURYANI ◽  
SANTUN R.P. SITORUS ◽  
KHURSATUL MINIBAH
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Potential Land

<p>ABSTRACT<br />The condition of Bungo Regency potential for development of agriculture sector in a broad sense. Agricultural sector contributed 33,08% to GDP Bungo Regency in 2012. Famoustation crops is rubber. Now a days, in addition to rubber, oil palm plantations is also highly desirable for crop development. The purpose of this research is (1) to analyze the main commodity of plantation, (2) to now potential land for development, and (3) to establish the referrals of plantation commodity development in the framework of regional development in Bungo Regency. The methode and techniques of analysis in this study is Shift Share (SS) methode, Location Quotient (LQ) methode, overlay and descritive analysis. Based on Location Quotient (LQ) and Shift Share (SS) analysis can be concluded that there are three types of superior commodity which is used as the main priorities to be developed in every district in Bungo Regency, there are rubber, oil palm and coconut. Potential land for development of rubber, oil palm, and coconut commodites are the largest area in the Pelepat sub-district for 37.234 ha (17,2%). The main development referal for superior commodity is rubber commodity, especially at Pelepat sub-district, palm oil is especially for Pelepat Ilir, in otherwise coconut commodity is only support commodity at Pasar Bungo sub-district. Engineering effort to minimize the negative effects of limiting factor of erosion, drainage, texture, and rainfall, which are: the addition of organic matter, plant cover crops, and manufacture of irrigation.<br />Keywords: coconut, land suitability, palm oil, rubber, superior commodity</p><p> </p><p>ANALISIS KOMODITAS PERKEBUNAN UNGGULAN DAN ARAHAN PENGEMBANGANNYA DI KABUPATEN BUNGO, PROVINSI JAMBI</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Kondisi Kabupaten Bungo sangat potensial untuk pengembangan sektor pertanian dalam arti luas. Kontribusi sektor pertanian terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Bungo untuk tahun 2012 sebesar 33.08%. Tanaman perkebunan yang menjadi primadona adalah karet. Kini selain karet, tanaman kelapa sawit pun menjadi jenis yang diminati pengembangannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis komoditas perkebunan unggulan, (2) mengetahui lahan yang berpotensi untuk pengembangan komoditas perkebunan unggulan, dan (3) menyusun arahan pengembangan komoditas perkebunan unggulan dalam rangka pengembangan wilayah di Kabupaten Bungo. Adapun metode dan teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah: Metode Shift Share (SS), metode Location Quotient (LQ), Overlay, dan analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil analisis Location Quotient (LQ) dan Shift Share (SS), secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat tiga jenis komoditas perkebunan unggulan yang dijadikan prioritas utama untuk dikembangkan disetiap kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Bungo yaitu: karet, kelapa sawit dan kelapa dalam. Ketersediaan lahan untuk pengembangan komoditas karet, kelapa sawit, dan kelapa dalam luasan terluas berada di Kecamatan Pelepat sebesar 37.234 ha (17,2%). Arahan untuk pengembangan komoditas unggulan adalah komoditas karet, utamanya di Kecamatan Pelepat dan kelapa sawit utamanya di Kecamatan Pelepat Ilir, sedangkan komoditas kelapa dalam, merupakan komoditas penunjang di Kecamatan Pasar Bungo. Upaya teknik untuk meminimalisir dampak negatif faktor pembatas erosi, drainase, tekstur, dan curah hujan, yaitu: penambahan bahan organik, menanam tanaman penutup tanah, dan pembuatan jaringan irigasi.<br />Kata kunci: kelapa, kesesuaian lahan, kelapa sawit, karet, komoditas unggulan</p>

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document