scholarly journals Substantiation of the Lattice Ripper Parameters of the Carrot Digger in Conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
R. N. Norchaev ◽  
D. R. Norchaev ◽  
R. Kh. Chorshanbiev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
The Republic

The authors showed that during carrot harvesting by diggers, strong soil lumps were formed that were poorly separated from root crops and complicated the separation process, which leaded to machines overloading, due to the variability of the physical and mechanical soil properties. A lattice loosening working body was developed that improved the digger elevator separating ability.(Research purpose) To substantiate lattice ripper parameters of the carrot digger, which provides intensive loosening of the soil and thereby increases the impurities separation completeness with minimal root crops damage.(Materials and methods) The authors researched geometric, kinematic parameters of lattice ripper of the carrot digger. They theoretically substantiated the design parameters of the mechanism and its kinematic parameters after they studied the physicomechanical properties of the carrot bed.(Results and discussion) The authors found that during the interaction of the lattice ripper with soil layers on the elevator, soil lumps were destroyed, the soil was loosened with the following parameters: the ripper radius was not more than 9.5 centimeters, the height of the shaft was 20 centimeters, the blade submerged part was 6 centimeters, the width of the lattice ripper was 47 centimeters.(Conclusions) It was revealed that lattice ripper promoted intensive separation of the soil layer without damage and loss of carrot root crops. The authors proved that the peripheral speed of the lattice ripper should be no more than 2.5 meters per second, the kinematic mode of the separation intensification means should be 2.5, and the radius of the ripper should be no more than 9.5 centimeters.

scholarly journals RESEARCH RESULTS OF THE PROCESS OF CLEANING POTATO TUBERS AND CARROT ROOT CROPS USING ULTRASOUND

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
A.S. Dorokhov ◽  
◽  
A.G. Aksenov ◽  
A.V. Sibirev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Carrot Root ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Ultrasonic Influence ◽  
Ultrasound Effect

The most promising of the known ways to reduce the content of soil bolsters during machine harvesting of tuberous roots should be considered pre-harvest moisturization of the soil layer in which the tuberous root are located. This significantly reduces the content of soil impurities in harvested tuberous roots. However, atomized spray of water, even under pressure, is not able to ensure its instant flow to the depth of tuberous roots and, moreover, to moisten the soil to the state that provides further intensification of the process of separation of tuberous roots from soil bolsters that are comparable to them. To eliminate this defect, it is necessary to provide an intensification of the water spraying process by one of the methods of physical influence, which provides instant soil moisture to the depth of tuberous roots. The article presents instrumentation for research of technological parameters of ultrasonic treatment on the quality of the cleaning roots crops from soil impurities, the method and results of laboratory studies of ultrasound effect on the cleaning process of potato tubers of the "Red Scarlet" variety and carrot root crops of «Shantane» variety . The optimal parameters of ultrasound influence that intensifies the process of cleaning root crops from soil impurities were determined. The results of comparative laboratory studies of cleaning potato tubers and carrot root crops from various root crops on the physical and mechanical composition of soil impurities (sandy loams and loam soils) allow us to conclude that the best indicators of intensification of ultrasonic influence with increase in the completeness of cleaning, despite the weight and type of contamination, are observed when processing carrot root crops, the completeness of cleaning is on average higher by 13...20 %.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF THE BURROWING SHARE OF A MACHINE FOR HARVESTING VEGETABLES AND ONIONS UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Alexey Dorokhov ◽  
A.V. Sibirev ◽  
Alexandr Aksenov ◽  
Nikolay Sazonov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Working Bodies ◽  
Significant Factors

It was found that the extraction of a tuberous heap, namely potatoes, with a digging working body with a movable frame, has the most significant drawback, which is that when the depth of the burrowing share tip is changed, the angle of its inclination changes, which negatively affects the chipping of the soil layer and leads to the deterioration of the transportation of the excavated soil layer to the separating working bodies, for which it is necessary to determine and clarify the main technological and design parameters of the developed intake plough share for digging / picking up root crops and bulbs due to the fact that potato tubers and onion bulbs have different size and mass and physical and mechanical properties. A method has been developed for determining the amount of supply of a heap of onion sets from the surface of the digging share to the separating working bodies, the required soil moisture necessary for research. The methodology and results of experimental studies to determine the decrease in the content of soil impurities in the gathering heap of onions are presented, the main statistical characteristics of the experiment are reflected. Based on the results of the screening experiment, significant factors have been established that have a decisive effect on the selected optimization criterion: spring preload, determined by the spring length and the forward speed of the digging share. It was found that the minimum possible amount of soil impurities when extracting onions from the soil is 24.8%. It depends on the values of the investigated factors, values that should be set in the interval: the length of the spring L_PPR=0.02-0.04 m and the speed of the moving share v_L=1.2-1.4 m/s.

scholarly journals KINEMATIC ANALYSIS AND SUBSTANTIATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF A SPIRAL-SCREW WORKING UNIT OF A SOIL PROCESSING MACHINE

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
Lenar Nuriev ◽  
Fanis Yarullin ◽  
Sergey Yakhin ◽  
Ilfat Aliakberov ◽  
Rail Khusainov
Keyword(s):  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Horizontal Shaft ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Seed Placement ◽  
The Republic

To improve the quality of pre-sowing soil tillage in the Republic of Tatarstan, a tillage implement has been developed, which, unlike other designs, contains a helical spiral and needle ellipsoid disks coaxially mounted on a horizontal shaft. Passive helix creates a compacted seed bed at the depth of seed placement; needle ellipsoidal disks are active and provide mulching of the surface soil layer. A preliminary analysis of the processes of interaction of the working unit with the soil is possible on the basis of the parametric equations of motion of individual points of the cutting edges of the helical spiral, as well as expressions for determining their speeds and accelerations. The design parameters selected during the calculation and design of the proposed rotary combined tool should ensure that the helical spiral enters the soil with sliding. Otherwise, the traction resistance of the unit increases. To justify the basic design parameters of a spiral-screw working unit, preliminary construction of theoretical dependences is also necessary. According to the calculation results, the points of the cutting edge of the helical spiral make a complex movement in space when the gun moves. The components of the speed and acceleration of these points are variable parameters, which contributes to the active crumbling of the soil and the destruction of its lumps. The optimal design parameters of the working unit of the gun: the diameter of the helical spiral is 0.470 m; the angle of inclination of the helical spiral (the angle of the helix) - 10 ° ... 25 °; the angle of inclination of the large side of the strip to the generatrix of the cylindrical surface that describes the helical spiral is 25 ° ... 30 °

Corrigendum to: Conservation agriculture effects on soil properties and crop productivity in a semiarid region of India

Soil Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Somasundaram ◽  
M. Salikram ◽  
N. K. Sinha ◽  
M. Mohanty ◽  
R. S. Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Residue Retention

Conservation agriculture (CA) including reduced or no-tillage and crop residue retention, is known to be a self–sustainable system as well as an alternative to residue burning. The present study evaluated the effect of reduced tillage coupled with residue retention under different cropping systems on soil properties and crop yields in a Vertisol of a semiarid region of central India. Two tillage systems – conventional tillage (CT) with residue removed, and reduced tillage (RT) with residue retained – and six major cropping systems of this region were examined after 3 years of experimentation. Results demonstrated that soil moisture content, mean weight diameter, percent water stable aggregates (>0.25mm) for the 0–15cm soil layer were significantly (Pmoderately labile>less labile. At the 0–15cm depth, the contributions of moderately labile, less labile and non-labile C fractions to total organic C were 39.3%, 10.3% and 50.4% respectively in RT and corresponding values for CT were 38.9%, 11.7% and 49.4%. Significant differences in different C fractions were observed between RT and CT. Soil microbial biomass C concentration was significantly higher in RT than CT at 0–15cm depth. The maize–chickpea cropping system had significantly (P–1 followed by soybean+pigeon pea (2:1) intercropping (3.50 t ha–1) and soybean–wheat cropping systems (2.97 t ha–1). Thus, CA practices could be sustainable management practices for improving soil health and crop yields of rainfed Vertisols in these semiarid regions.

THE HEAP PARTS MOVEMENT ON THE SHAREBOARD SURFACE OF THE POTATO HARVESTING MACHINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14(63) (1) ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
Serhii HRUSHETSKYI ◽  
Vitaly YAROPUD ◽  
Ihor KUPCHUK ◽  
Ruslana SEMENYSHENA
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Machine Operation ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

The article is devoted to the problem of the reduction of tubers mechanical damages while providing qualitative indicators of the potato heap separation process. Theoretical and experimental dependences of the influence of design and kinematic parameters of the machine operation on the quality performance are obtained. Within the field of experimental studies, a field installation was made to investigate the potato harvester as a whole on the efficiency of separation, the degree of damage, the magnitude of losses and the total capacity for aggregation. Comparison of the results of theoretical and experimental studies showed that the developed mathematical model of the process of separation of potato heap is adequate.

scholarly journals Depth-Dependent C-N-P Stocks and Stoichiometry in Ultisols Resulting from Conversion of Secondary Forests to Plantations and Driving Forces

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Xiaogang Ding ◽  
Xiaochuan Li ◽  
Ye Qi ◽  
Zhengyong Zhao ◽  
Dongxiao Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Significant Difference

Stocks and stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in ultisols are not well documented for converted forests. In this study, Ultisols were sampled in 175 plots from one type of secondary forest and four plantations of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.), Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), Eucalypt (Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér.), and Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn., 1782) in Yunfu, Guangdong province, South China. Five layers of soil were sampled with a distance of 20 cm between two adjacent layers up to a depth of 100 cm. We did not find interactive effects between forest type and soil layer depth on soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations and storages. Storage of SOC was not different between secondary forests and Eucalypt plantations, but SOC of these two forest types were lower than that in Litchi, Masson pine, and Slash pine plantations. Soil C:P was higher in Slash pine plantations than in secondary forests. Soil CNP showed a decreasing trend with the increase of soil depth. Soil TP did not show any significant difference among soil layers. Soil bulk density had a negative contribution to soil C and P stocks, and longitude and elevation were positive drivers for soil C, N, and P stocks. Overall, Litchi plantations are the only type of plantation that obtained enhanced C storage in 0–100 cm soils and diverse N concentrations among soil layers during the conversion from secondary forests to plantations over ultisols.

scholarly journals Grazing and Cultivated Grasslands Cause Different Spatial Redistributions of Soil Particles

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinsheng Li ◽  
Jianying Shang ◽  
Ding Huang ◽  
Shiming Tang ◽  
Tianci Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Grazing Intensity ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Soil Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Soil Particles ◽  
Heavy Grazing ◽  
Grazing Intensities

The distribution of soil particle sizes is closely related to soil health condition. In this study, grasslands under different grazing intensities and different cultivation ages grasslands were selected to evaluate the dynamics of soil particle size redistribution in different soil layers. When the grazing intensity increased, the percentage of 2000~150-μm soil particles in the 0–10-cm soil layer decreased; 150~53-μm soil particles remained relatively stable among the grazing intensities—approximately 28.52%~35.39%. However, the percentage of less than 53-μm soil particles increased. In cultivated grasslands, the larger sizes (>53 μm) of soil particles increased and the smaller sizes (<53 μm) decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the 0–10 cm-soil layer with increasing cultivation ages. The increase in small soil particles (<53 μm) in topsoil associated with grazing intensity increased the potential risk of further degradation by wind erosion. The increase in big soil particles (>53 μm) in topsoil associated with cultivation ages decreased the soil capacity of holding water and nutrient. Therefore, to maintain the sustainability of grassland uses, grazing grasslands need to avoid heavy grazing, and cultivated grasslands need to change current cultivation practices.

scholarly journals Rooting patterns of Rumex species under drained conditions

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1638-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. C. J. Voesenek ◽  
C. W. P. M. Blom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Vertical Root Distribution ◽  
Rooting Patterns

Root development and architecture were studied in three Rumex species growing in a perforated soil system in the greenhouse. Distinct differences in vertical root distribution under drained conditions were found among the three species. Rumex acetosa and R. palustris had a relatively superficial root pattern, whereas in R. crispus much of the root growth was concentrated in lower soil layers. In the upper soil layer the relative growth rate of the roots of R. palustris was significantly larger than that of the other species. A relation between the characteristic rooting patterns under drained conditions and the Rumex zonation in the field is discussed.

Soil factors determined nematode community composition in a two year pot experiment

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Griffiths ◽  
Roy Neilson ◽  
A. Glyn Bengough
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Nematode Community ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Initial Inoculum ◽  
Variable Water

Abstract Two similar, sandy loam soils from the same geographical region but with distinct nematode communities were used to determine the extent to which water, soil and inoculum factors affected nematode community structure. Treatments were established in pots containing a middle layer of frozen defaunated soil, sandwiched between an inoculum that was either fresh soil from the same site ('self') or a mixture of soils to give a more diverse inoculum ('mixed'). During year 2, half the pots were watered at regular intervals while the other half received only rainfall. For individual nematode taxa, soil layer and watering regime were the main factors discriminating between treatments, while initial inoculum had a larger influence than soil type. Acrobeloides was most affected by the watering regime, being more abundant under variable water conditions, whereas Hoplolaimidae, Longidorus and Pratylenchus were more abundant in deeper soil layers in contrast to other taxa. For the community as a whole, when analysed by principal component analysis, soil factors clearly influenced composition and also indicated that the biological properties of the soils were important.

Stable Isotope Analysis of Water Uptake Sources of Primary Forests in the Central Yunnan Karst Plateau

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 2455-2458
Author(s):  
Tao Fan ◽  
Jie Li
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Stable Isotope Analysis ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Rock Fracture ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Cyclobalanopsis Glaucoides ◽  
Primary Forests

Ecosystems in the central of Yunnan karst plateau are very fragile due to thin soil layer and intensive infiltration capacity of rock fracture, which result in a very limited amount of water storage for plant uptake. Water retention in the soil zone and shallow fractured rock zone (subcutaneous) is a key factor for plant growth. Distinction of water sources taken by karst plants is a challenging task for botanists and hydrologists but is needed for ecosystem management. In this study, stable isotope analysis was used to investigate water sources for Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides primary forests at Shilin Geopark in Bajiang vally, central Yunnan of China. Proportions of water sources for plant uptake were determined by the δD and δ18O values of plant stem water, and water taken from soil layers and the subcutaneous zone. The analysis reveals that water was mainly taken from the soil layers and to less degree the subcutaneous zone as well. In dry seasons with scarce precipitation, plants in the primary forest were prone to take more water from subcutaneous zone and deeper layer of soil. Different species had different water use strategies, Cyclobalanopsis glaucoides took a larger proportional water from the deeper layer of soil, suggesting its deeper roots and wider range of shallower roots. However, Olea yunnanensis and Pistacia weinmannifolia extracted more percentage of water from the deeper soil water and subcutaneous water because of its deeper roots.

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