First NATI autotractor diesels

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-172
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Karasev
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Automobile Engine ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Engine Industry ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Metal Materials ◽  
The Government

At the end of the 20s of the last century, automotive diesels made their debut on the markets of European countries. In the USSR, the Scientific Automobile Engine Institute in 1929 began to test tractors running on oil, and research their engines. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in searching for the key points that influenced the creation of the first automobile-type diesels by the Scientific Automotive Institute, the choice of the type and characteristics of these engines; identifying the factors that influenced the implementation of these structures in metal. (Materials and methods) The first directive decisions on automotive dieselmotors appeared in the USSR in 1929; they were set out in the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) of July 29, 1929. "On the state of defense of the USSR". NATI-1-60 diesel and its NATI 2-40 version for the automotive industry has been developed by the Research Automobile and Motor Institute. The NATI-1-60 diesel had a power of 60 horsepower at 1600 rpm; NATI-2-40 diesel was designed for wheeled tractors of the “International” type, had a power of 40 horsepower at 1400 rpm. (Results and discussion) The production of prototype engines was complicated by the lack of production facilities at NATI, and the production of prototypes at the Institute's plant was not carried out. The government did not allocate currency for the purchase of imported equipment. (Conclusions) The Automobile and Motor Research Institute, not being able to produce its own diesel engines, tried to do this through broad cooperation between domestic enterprises. However, the construction of the first diesels faced the reluctance of the giant factories to produce them, despite the guidelines. This caused a delay in the dieselefication of the country's automotive engine industry at the initial stage.

scholarly journals Analysis and prediction of the coronavirus disease epidemic in China based on an individual-based model

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuiyuan Guo ◽  
Dan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Individual Based Model ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Coordinate Descent Algorithm ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
And Control

AbstractWe established a stochastic individual-based model and simulated the whole process of occurrence, development, and control of the coronavirus disease epidemic and the infectors and patients leaving Hubei Province before the traffic was closed in China. Additionally, the basic reproduction number (R0) and number of infectors and patients who left Hubei were estimated using the coordinate descent algorithm. The median R0 at the initial stage of the epidemic was 4.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.82–5.17). Before the traffic lockdown was implemented in Hubei, 2000 (95% CI 1982–2030) infectors and patients had left Hubei and traveled throughout the country. The model estimated that if the government had taken prevention and control measures 1 day later, the cumulative number of laboratory-confirmed patients in the whole country would have increased by 32.1%. If the lockdown of Hubei was imposed 1 day in advance, the cumulative number of laboratory-confirmed patients in other provinces would have decreased by 7.7%. The stochastic model could fit the officially issued data well and simulate the evolution process of the epidemic. The intervention measurements nationwide have effectively curbed the human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

scholarly journals The government regulation and market behavior of the new energy automotive industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 1281-1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-xiao Yang ◽  
Lin-shu Qiu ◽  
Jian-jun Yan ◽  
Zi-yue Chen ◽  
Mingxing Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Market Behavior ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Government

scholarly journals The Politics of Russian Memory: The Great War in the European Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-235
Author(s):  
Olga S. Porshneva
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Central Committee ◽  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Great War

This article examines how the historical memory of World War I emerged and developed in Russia, and also compares it to how Europeans have thought about the conflict. The author argues that the politics of memory differed during the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. In the wake of the 1917 Revolution, Bolshevik efforts to re-format the memory of the Great War were part of its attempt to create a new society and new man. At the same time, the regime used it to mobilize society for the impending conflict with the 'imperialist' powers. The key actors that sought to inculcate the notion of the war with imperialism into Soviet mass consciousness were the Central Committee of the Bolshevik Communist Party, the Department of Agitation and Propaganda, and, in particular, the Red Army and Comintern. The latter two worked together to organize the major campaigns dedicated to war anniversaries, which were important both to reinforce the concept of imperialist war as well as to involve the masses in public commemorations, rituals and practices. The Soviet state also relied on organizations of war veterans to promote such commemorative practices while suppressing any alternative narratives. The article goes on to explain how, under Stalin, the government began to change the way it portrayed the Great War in the mid-1930s. And after the Second World War, Soviet politics of memory differed greatly from those in the West. In the USSR the Great Patriotic War was sacralized, while the earlier conflict remained a symbol of unjust imperialist wars.

scholarly journals Porter’s Generic Strategies and Performance of Selected Automotive Firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
Louisa Kabure ◽  
Mary Ragui
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Organization Performance ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Cost Leadership ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Focus Strategy ◽  
Generic Strategies ◽  
Porter's Generic Strategies

Every firm operating in a dynamic and competitive environment must employ competitive strategies in order to enhance performance and remain relevant to the market. The automotive industry in Kenya has experienced shifts within the last couple of years that have disadvantaged automotive firms’ sales and this despite adequate capacity to supply local demand. Consequently, a persistent decline in volume sales has negatively impacted performance of these firms in overall, reducing competition to price wars that are not a viable option in the long run. This study therefore, sought to investigate the effect of Porter’s generic strategies on performance of selected automotive firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were; to determine the effect of cost leadership strategy on the performance of selected automotive firms in Nairobi county, Kenya, to investigate the effect of differentiation strategy on the performance of selected automotive firms in Nairobi county, Kenya and to establish the effect of focus strategy on the performance of selected automotive firms in Nairobi county, Kenya. The scope entailed a study of selected new vehicle firms in the automotive industry in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study was anchored on three theories that included the market based view, the resource based view of the firm and Porter’s diamond theory of national advantage. Descriptive research design was adopted. The study used simple random sampling to attain the sample size and data was collected through drop and pick method using semi structured questionnaires. To ensure reliability in the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient was used where a level of above 0.7 confirmed internal consistency. Pilot testing was done on ten respondents and Pearson’s product correlation coefficient was used to check for correlation between the study variables. A multivariate regression model was used to determine the relative importance of each variable to the study. Data collected was presented in graphs, tables and charts and a conclusion of the study drawn. The study revealed that cost leadership was significant in influencing the organizations’ performance. The study also revealed that differentiation affected their organizations’ performance to a great extent. The study also revealed that the focus strategy improved the sales growth in the firms thereby resulting to overall organization performance. The study concluded that cost leadership was significant in influencing the organizations’ performance. The study also concluded that differentiation affected their organizations’ performance to a great extent. The study also concluded that the focus strategy improved the sales growth in the firms thereby resulting to overall organization performance. The study recommended that the government and other policy makers come up with policies and regulations meant to foster innovation in the automotive industry. Policies should also be put in place meant for the creation of an enabling environment for fair and market driven competition to take place. The study recommended that the management of the automotive firms should often review their pricing structures and be geared towards minimizing their operational costs so as to offer cost friendly vehicles to the clients. The study also recommended that the firms’ management ensure they develop quality vehicles and embrace differentiation strategy so as to remain competitive in the market. The study also recommended that the management fully adopt the focus strategy to help in improving the sales growth in the firms thereby resulting to overall organization performance as well as improving on the product innovation which would lead to improved market share.

SOA Designed Health Care System for Taiwan Government

2012 ◽  
pp. 643-669
Author(s):  
Jun-Bin Shi ◽  
Shu-Fen Yang ◽  
Tsung-Jen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The Government ◽  
Care System

SOA (Service-Oriented Architecture) is gaining popularity in becoming the mainstream in corporate integrated applications in recent years. However, at the early stage of proposal for SOA, due to the lack of a completion in relevant standards and infrastructure, corporations still need to evaluate the effect and risks involved in investment for SOA. For this reason, the introduction for SOA among corporations becomes relatively conservative. In contrast to the conservation projected by corporations at the initial stage, the government agents took position in promoting SOA and developing e-Government, who were the forerunners first committed in the integration of SOA applications.

scholarly journals An Exploration of Neighborhood Residents’ Cognition of and Participation in Low-Carbon Behaviors in Wuhan, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wenjun Peng ◽  
Xiaoming Wang ◽  
Lijun Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Resource Consumption ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Efficient Resource ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

This paper analyzed neighborhood residents’ cognition of and participation in low-carbon behaviors, basing on a questionnaire survey launched in a neighborhood in Wuhan, China. Results indicate that most respondents concerned the low-carbon impact on their daily lives and expected the government to make differences in low-carbon transition. Neighborhood residents’ participation in low-carbon behaviors was mainly reflected in three aspects: home energy conservation (HEC), efficient resource consumption (ERC), and recycling habits (RH), which were extracted from the five categories out of the 15 observed variables. Many interviewees had high level of participation in low-carbon behaviors that affect their economic interests. But these neighborhood residents rarely participated in public low-carbon behaviors such as planting trees or cooperative low-carbon behaviors. Therefore, these neighborhood residents’ participation in low-carbon behaviors was still on the initial stage. Specific proposals were put forward to promote urban low-carbonization further.

Implications of Technology Management and Policy on the Development of a Sectoral Innovation System: Lessons Learned Through the Evolution of Thai Automotive Sector

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 1440009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patarapong Intarakumnerd ◽  
Nathasit Gerdsri
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Production Volume ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Technology Strategies ◽  
Sectoral Innovation Systems

This paper examines how a sectoral innovation system evolves over time and what the underlying factors derive from the development of automotive industry in Thailand which is presented as a case example. Since 1960's, the government policies and the development of liberal investment climate have been a push for the influx of large-scale foreign direct investments (FDI) in Thailand. Automotive industry has also been targeted as a major assembly base of foreign carmakers while the local suppliers were mostly slow and passive learners. In the late- 1990's, foreign carmakers began acting as "lead" firms to invest in R&D and related activities. This induced positive coevolution in other actors, especially the first-tier foreign suppliers and some local suppliers, in the sectoral innovation systems which, in turn, became stronger, more coherent and product-specific. According to Thailand Automotive Institute (TAI), the production volume is expected to grow to two million units by 2015 which would bring Thailand to be on the top-ten list of the largest auto-producers in the world. This research paper has implications on the concept of sectoral innovation system, corporate technology strategies and government technology and innovation policies.

Leveraging Technological Capabilities across Polarized Cultures: Shanghai Delco Electronics Limited

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 27-54
Author(s):  
Lucy A. Ojode
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
New Technology ◽  
General Motors ◽  
International Joint Venture ◽  
Instrument Cluster ◽  
General Motor ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Automotive Systems ◽  
The Government

Rallying its units for an impending spin-off from General Motors, the Delphi Automotive Systems division cleared the Delphi Delco Electronics (Delphi-D) unit to begin planning for entry into China in 1994. Delphi saw China as ideal for leveraging its technological and innovation capabilities as well as the enormous General Motor heritage and reputation from years of experience delivering quality products to the automotive industry. Delphi-D found a perfect partner in Shanghai Changjiang YiBiao Factory (SCY) (name disguised to protect the firms) that held nearly 50% of the Chinese automobile instrument cluster market. SCY was keen on acquiring new technology to meet increasingly sophisticated customer demands in order to retain market lead as well as to tap into the international market. After rounds of negotiation the two firms formed a fifty-fifty joint venture, Shanghai Delco Electronics Ltd. (SDE) in August 1996. However, SDE started experiencing problems almost immediately. The Delphi-D team at SDE assumed their SCY counterparts would willingly integrate proposed technology and the requisite processes at the joint venture. However, the SCY team resisted prescriptions from the Delphi-D team that they sometimes perceived as "haughty". Broiled in culturally-loaded misunderstanding in a market that was becoming complex by the day as the government legislated new regulations and other manufacturers jostled for a piece of the market, SDE's management sought focus by developing a five-year plan that captured the partners' goals in 1998. However, as the end of 2002 approached, SDE's five-year plan remained largely unrealized. This case shows how implementation challenges can affect the realization of joint venture objectives and illustrates specific challenges that can mar even a well-formulated technology intensive international joint venture strategy.

scholarly journals Korea's Nano Future

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (08) ◽  
pp. 26-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Eugene Pak
Keyword(s):  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
Scanning Probe Microscopy ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conducting Research

This article highlights key points of a Korea's 10-year plan in nanotechnology domain. The hope is that newly emerging nanotechnology field will offer a breakthrough opportunity to upgrade Korea's position as a global industrial power. The goal of this 10-year, $1.5 billion plan is to foster technological advances in nanotechnology that can establish Korea as a world leader in this emerging class of technologies. Under the Korea Nanotechnology Initiative, the government has launched several projects under the banner of the Frontier Program. Another project, the Center for Nanostructured Materials, organizes a research program aimed at developing nanostructured materials for structural applications, environmental and energy applications, and information technologies using both top 2 down and bottom-up processes. Nanoelectronics devices such as carbon nanotube-based transistors are being investigated as terabit memory devices. Korean facilities are conducting research on next-generation storage systems based on scanning probe microscopy and perpendicular magnetic recording to learn more about terabit storage density. Engineers claim that to compete in the new digital economy, it is critically important for a nation such as Korea to be able to manufacture and engineer devices down to nanometre dimensions.

scholarly journals МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ КОНКУРЕНТОСПРОМОЖНОСТІ АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДІВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ У КОНТЕКСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ АВТОМОБІЛЕБУДУВАННЯ

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
Інна Юріївна Шевченко
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Industry Development ◽  
Automotive Company ◽  
Industry Competitiveness ◽  
The Government

An important part of domestic machine-building sector is the automotive industry represented mainly by car, truck and bus manufacturing. It is hardly a secret nowadays that the Ukrainian automotive industry is facing tough times, thus failing to withstand strong competition from foreign car manufacturers. In this context, as never before, the issue to enhance the government support of domestic automakers is of a critical importance. It is expected that the implementation of government strategy for automotive industry development will have different effects at discrete automotive companies subject to their different competitiveness level. Hence, there is a need to conduct a research on developing a methodological toolkit for the automotive company competitiveness evaluation. The research objective is to construct a methodological framework to assess automotive manufacturers’ competitiveness in the context of building the government strategy to enhance the automotive industry development. The study has employed the following methods: a monographic method and the method of theoretical generalization to identify the most widely used methodological approaches to company competitiveness assessment; a method of analysis and synthesis for elaborating a methodology to assess the automotive industry competitiveness in the context of building the government strategy for automotive industry development. Based on the combination of integral and matrix approaches, an evaluation framework to estimate the automotive company competitiveness has been designed. The method suggested, in contrast to other techniques described in academic literature, allows for the identification of car manufacturers competitiveness by integral indices values along with revealing the stages of their life cycle. The synthesis of the results of automakers competitiveness estimation and identification of the stages in their life cycle laid the foundation for the construction of the automotive industry development matrix which in turn is the basis for tailoring of government strategy to enhance the automotive industry development. Working out a set of methodological tools to evaluate the competitiveness of the automotive industry contributes to further development of methodical framework of government regulation in terms of facilitating the automotive industry competitiveness towards its focus differentiation, thus increasing the managerial effectiveness.

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