scholarly journals Yield and quality of potato tubers depending on a complex of chemicals applied under radioactive contamination

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Aleksey Evgenievich Sekirnikov ◽  
Vladimir Vitalievich Sedov ◽  
Viktor Fedorovich Shapovalov
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Fertilizer System

The influence of chemicals on productivity and quality of potato tubers cv. Kurazh cultivated on sod-podzolic sandy soils under radioactive contamination was studied in the south-west of the central Non-Black Soil Zone of the Russian Federation. Organo-mineral system (manure, 40 t/ha + N75P30K90) applied in complex with chemicals and biological agent Gumistim turned to be the most effective fertilizer system providing the maximum potato yields during the experiment. Moreover, complex application of the chemicals increased protein level and decreased starch content in tubers, it also improved amino acid composition; concentration of heavy metals and specific activity of cesium-137 did not exceed sanitary and hygienic standards (SanPiN 2.3.3 1078-01).

scholarly journals Influence of fertilizers on yield and its relationship with the quality of potato stubs in Vologda region

2021 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Olga Chukhina ◽  
Anna Demidova ◽  
Tatyana Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
Minimum Dose ◽  
Fertilizer System

In the conditions of the Vologda Region on sod-podzolic soil, the calculated fertilization systems on average for 2015 - 2018 increased the yield of potato tubers by 41 - 66% compared to the minimum dose of fertilizers. The maximum starch content of 12.8% was observed when using an organomineral fertilizer system. The research shows a direct linear relationship between the content of “crude” protein and the yield of potato tubers.

scholarly journals Morphology of trachea of mature chickens, grown under the conditions of radioactive contamination

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (95) ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
L. P. Horalskyi ◽  
I. M. Sokulskyi ◽  
N. V. Demus ◽  
O. K. Levchuk
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Folded Structure ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
Experimental Group

The features of macro- and microscopic structure and morphometric parameters of the trachea of chickens of the Black Moscow breed of 180 days of age grown in conditionally pure and II zone of radioactive contamination are presented in the work using radiological, morphological, morphometric and statistical methods of research. It has been found that the presence of chickens in radioactively contaminated territories, feeding them with locally-sourced food, has an adverse effect on the respiratory organs, including the trachea. According to the results of radiological research, the increase of gamma background was established in the territory where the experimental part of the research was conducted. Thus, according to our observations, the specific power of the exposure dose of gamma rays for cesium-137 in the territory where the experimental animals were kept was almost in 3–3.5 times higher than this indicator for the relatively pure radioactive contamination of the territory. The specific activity of the diet for cesium-137 in chickens of 180 days of the experimental group was almost 8.5 times higher than in the control group of animals and was 13.4–16.0 Bq/kg, compared with the control (1.64–1.82 Bq/kg), indicating the cumulative capacity of this isotope. According to our research, the trachea of chickens of the experimental group has a pale pink color and is built of cartilage rings (110–120 units), which have a rounded shape. Its wall is formed by the mucous and fibrous cartilage and adventitia. The mucous membrane has a folded structure and is lined with multilayered ciliated epithelium and contains glands. Four types of cells are well differentiated into the epithelium: basal, ciliated, endocrine, and goblet. The fibrous cartilage sheath is formed by tracheal cartilages, which are interconnected by a dense fibrous connective tissue. The histoarchitectonics of the trachea of chickens reared in the second zone of radioactive contamination is similar to that of chickens in the control group. However, our morphometric studies noted that the animals of the experimental group increased the size of the terminal parts of the tracheal glands, thickened connective tissue capsules of the lymph nodes. The absolute body mass of the chickens of the experimental group, compared with the control group, tends to decrease and is respectively 2.96 ± 0.19 g, while the relative weight of the organ significantly (P ≤ 0.001) decreases to 0.284 ± 0.027%. In addition, for 180-day-old chickens that were constantly under radioactive contamination, the thickness of the mucous, fibrous, cartilage, and adventitious membranes tended to decrease compared to chickens from the conditionally clear area for radioactive contamination.

scholarly journals Radio monitoring of plant products and soils of Polesia, Zhytomyr region, during the long-term period after the disaster at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 444-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Romanchuk ◽  
T. P. Fedonuk ◽  
G. O. Khant
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Corn Grains

The article highlights the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster. Northern Polesia has been and still remains the most polluted area. Full scale and limited economic activity is carried out on part of the contaminated territories. The zone of radioactive contamination includes half of the territory of this region, one third of the agricultural land and almost the same amount of the arable land. 9 districts, 734 towns and villages are located within the zone of radioactive contamination. In the long-term period after the disaster the situation in contaminated areas has improved and become predictable due to natural processes of recovery and implementation of countermeasures based on results of monitoring. However, until today regions of Ukrainian Polesia continue to produce agricultural products which do not meet the requirements of government regulations concerning the content of radionuclides in food and appear to present a threat to consumers. To assess the accumulation of 137Cs in plant products, we investigated the activity of these radionuclides in potatoes, vegetables, root crops and grains, and calculated the ratios of its transition from the ground to the products, which helped evaluate the intensity and amount of accumulation of radionuclides during the completion of the half-life period of 137Cs and evaluate the radiological situation in the northern regions of Polesia. The density of soil contamination with 137Cs and its specific activity in plant products grown on private plots were studied in three different districts of Zhytomyr region: Narodychi, Korosten and Ovruch. Analysis of the density of soil pollution with the 137Cs isotopes in the Northern part of Zhytomyr region in the post-disaster period shows that even 30 years after the tragedy, significant areas of arable land under certain conditions remain potentially dangerous on account of contaminated plant products. The specific activity of 137Cs in plant products grown on private plots was studied in residential places where soil contamination was detected. In particular, the list of studied crops included: potato tubers, white cabbage, fresh tomatoes, table beets, carrots, onions, beans, oat grains, corn grains. The most critical were populated areas located in zone II – village Vystupovychi of Ovruch district, village Loznytsia and village Khrystynivka of Narodychi district. In these settlements an excess of DR-2006 in plant products was noted despite the fact that an excess over the maximum permissible level of density of soil pollution was not observed. In decreasing order by the amount of CT 137Cs, we ranked crops as follows: beans > table beets > carrots > potato tubers > corn grains ˃ oats grains > white cabbage > onions > fresh tomatoes. For the population living on radioactively contaminated territories, plant products grown on private plots have been and still remain the main source of 137Cs radionuclides entering the body. 

THE EFFECT OF THE AGRO-MASTER MICROFERTILIZER ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATO TUBERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-648
Author(s):  
L.P. Ikoeva ◽  
◽  
O.E. Khaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Local Selection

The effect of microfertilizer «Agro-Master» on the yield and quality of early and medium early of potato tubers varieties was studied, carried out at the experimental field of North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Foothill Agriculture - branch of the VSC of RAS in the forest-steppe zone of Republic of North Ossetia-Alania on grass rotation in the period from 2017 to 2019 yy. The experimental data indicate that the use of microfertilizer «Agro-Master» in a specific soil and climate zone is a promising technique that can improve the productivity and quality of potato tubers in the field. The data of our studies on leached chernozems showed no clear differences in the timing of the onset of the development phases of potatoes. The intensity and speed of emergence of seedlings to a greater extent depends on weather conditions and varietal characteristics. It was found that when spraying potatoes with microfertilizer «Agro-Master» in different doses, the process of dying of tops is slowed down in comparison with the control options. So, in the Zukofsky early variety, the top-off phase begins 7-8 days earlier than the Red Scarlett variety and 10-11 days of the Predgorny variety of local selection. The maximum yield increase was observed when processing of the microfertilizer «Agro-Master» at a dose of 2 kg/he on the pre-mountain local breeding grade – 27,5 tons per hectare, while the increase in yield to control was 5,0 tons per hectare, for varieties of Zukofsky early and Red Scarlett – 5,0 and 4,7 tons per hectare respectively. The highest dry matter content was on the experimental version (dose 2 kg / ha) for the Predgorny variety – 26,6 %, the Zukofsky early and Red Scarlett varieties – 25,9 and 23,8 %, that accordingly is more than control on 3; 2 and 3 %. The starch content in the studied potato tubers in the experimental varieties was diverse. The maximum starch content in potato tubers was obtained using the variant treated with Agro-Master at a dose of 2 kg/he for Predgorny variety (16,0 %), which is explained by the favorable influence of microfertilizer «Agro-Master» and the manifestation of varietal characteristics.

scholarly journals Technological quality and utilization of potato tubers

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Feltran ◽  
Leandro Borges Lemos ◽  
Rogério Lopes Vieites
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Technological Quality

Increasing concerns have been verified with regard to the quality factor of potato tubers and their correct form of use and consumption. The purpose of this research was to determine the technological quality of potato tuber cultivars and identify the best forms of use and consumption. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted with 18 treatments represented by cultivars Agata, Apuã (IAC-5977), Aracy (IAC-2), IAC Aracy Ruiva, Asterix, Bintje, Dali, Clone IAC-6090, Itararé (IAC-5986), Laguna, Remarka, Liseta, Mondial, Novita, Oscar, Picasso, Santana, and Solide, with four replications. Specific gravity showed a positive correlation with starch content, texture, pulp pH, and soluble solids, and was negatively correlated with reducing sugars. The technological characteristics represented by specific gravity, dry matter content, texture, starch content, reducing sugars, pulp pH, titrable acidity, and soluble solids are influenced by genotype or cultivar. Cultivars Oscar, Itararé, IAC Aracy Ruiva, Clone IAC-6090, Aracy, Solide, Asterix, Santana, and Laguna were outstanding with best characteristics for frying, mashing and roasting. Mondial, Picasso, Novita, Dali, and Agata are appropriate for boiling, and more specifically for salads. In turn, potato cultivars Apuã, Remarka, Bintje, and Liseta are suitable for mashing and for roasting.

SHORT COMMUNICATION: Distribution of cesium-137 in uncultivated Black Chernozemic landscapes

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Pennock ◽  
D. W. Anderson ◽  
E. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Cesium 137 ◽  
The Mean

The spatial distribution of cesium-137 was examined at two uncultivated sites in the Black soil zone of Saskatchewan. Although considerable variability occurred at both sites, the variability was not systematically related to landscape position. Between 9 and 16 samples need to be taken from uncultivated grassland sites to reliably estimate the mean 137Cs concentration at such sites. Key words: Cesium, soil redistribution, landscape

scholarly journals The effect of time and depth of planting on obtaining the planned potato yields

2019 ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
A. A. Vasiliev ◽  
A. K. Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Seed Material ◽  
Potato Yields ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

In 2014-2017  In the northern forest-steppe zone of the Chelyabinsk region The influence of planting dates and the depth of seed placement of potatoes on the size and quality of tubers was studied. During the study period, physical soil maturity in the first decade of May was observed twice in 2014 and 2017. The early planting of potatoes (May 5) was accompanied by an increase in the harmfulness of rhizoctoniosis (in the Rosara variety - by 22.8%, Kuzovok - by 63.7%) and the Colorado potato beetle (by 26 and 43%, respectively) compared with the May 12-15 planting. . The seedlings of the early variety of Rosara potato on May 30 in 2014 were damaged by frost (–1.0 ° C). From meteorological and phytosanitary positions, the optimum term for planting potatoes in this is the beginning of the second decade of May. Planting potatoes on May 12-15 with embedding of seed material to a depth of 5-6 cm ensured the formation of the planned yield of 40 t / ha with a planting scheme of 70x19 cm (Rosara - 41.4 t / ha, Kuzovok - 44.6 t / ha), and in the variety Kuzovok - additionally with the scheme 75x27 cm (38.3 t / ha). The planting of potatoes on May 25-29 provided a predetermined level of productivity (40 t / ha) of the Kuzovok variety in all variants of the experiment, and the Rosara variety in the variant of thickened planting. However, the starch content in Rosara tubers decreased by 1.60%, Kuzovok - by 1.26%, starch collection from 1 ha decreased by 0.60 and 0.37 t / ha, respectively, and the accumulation of nitrates in tubers increased by 25.8 and 52.5% compared with the optimal landing period. The advantage here was a deep embedment of seed tubers: an increase in the yield of the Rosara variety averaged 0.88 t / ha, Kuzovok - 1.23 t / ha. During the late planting period (June 5–12), there was a significant decrease in productivity (Rosara - by 3.49 t / ha, Kuzovok - by 5.18 t / ha) and the quality of potato tubers compared to planting from May 12-15. The starchy content of tubers decreased by 1.87 and 2.11%, the collection of starch from 1 ha to 1.10 and 1.45 t / ha, respectively, and the accumulation of nitrates increased 2.05 and 2.19 times. The planned yield of 40 t / ha was achieved only in the variety Kuzovok in thickened planting variants. At the same time, deep seeding of seed material increased the yield of the Rosara variety on average by 1.39 t / ha, and the Kuzovok variety - by 1.90 t / ha. Early landing (May 5) in 2014 and 2017. did not lead to an increase in potato productivity compared to planting in the second decade of May. At the same time, the yield decrease of the Rosara variety was 5.82 t / ha, Kuzovok - 2.75 t / ha. The planned yield of 40 t / ha was noted only in the variant of the thickened planting of the variety Kuzovok.

IMPACT OF CALCULATED DOSES OF FERTILIZERS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF EARLY-MATURING POTATO OF SPRINT VARIETY IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Гареев ◽  
Ilgiz Gareev
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Middle Volga

An application of calculated doses of fertilizer for potatoes in the gray forest soil of medium-size distribution, on average for 4 years, provided a receipt of planned crop of 25-35 tons per hectare and 94% of planned harvest in the background of 40 tons of tubers per hectare. Thus at higher fertilizer backgrounds, calculated to harvest 35-40 tons tubers per hectare, the starch content decreased and its harvest increased 2.22-2.33 times. The maximum permissible concentration of nitrate in potato tubers does not exceed.

Potato cultivation on soddy-podzolic soil of feeding crop rotation in the Komi Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарев ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Combined Use

Пахотные угодья Республики Коми в основном представлены дерново-подзолистыми почвами с низким естественным плодородием, которые без применения удобрений быстро подвергаются деградационным процессам, что резко снижает их продуктивность. Цель исследований: оценка эффективности долговременного применения органических и минеральных удобрений при выращивании картофеля в кормовом севообороте в условиях Республики Коми. Методической основой выполнения работ были комплексные исследования дерново-подзолистых почв, клубней картофеля на участках многолетнего полевого эксперимента, заложенного на землях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН в соответствии с «Методическими указаниями географической сети опытов с удобрениями». Длительный период исследований (более 40 лет) характеризовался различными климатическими условиями, которые отразились на количестве урожая и качестве клубней картофеля. Было проведено 7 ротаций (14 лет) с выращиванием картофеля. Вносили органические удобрения – торфонавозный компост (ТНК) в дозах 40 и 80 т/га (1 и 2 фон, соответственно) под картофель и минеральные удобрения – NPК в дозах 1/3; 1/2 и 1 для восполнения выноса растениями элементов питания. Установлено положительное влияние комплексного применения органических и минеральных удобрений на урожайность и качество картофеля, а также на плодородие дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой среднеокультуренной почвы в кормовом севообороте в почвенно-климатических условиях Республики Коми. В результате применения шестипольного севооборота и комплексного внесения удобрений с 1978 года к 2019 году в почвах снизилась обменная и гидролитическая кислотность; повысилось содержание гумуса на 0,5% (в контроле); на 0,2–0,5% (с тремя дозами минеральных удобрений); на 0,3–1,1% (с ТНК); на 0,2–1,6% (при совместном применении органических и минеральных удобрений). Наибольшие урожаи картофеля получены при совместном применении органических (80 т/га) и минеральных удобрений (1 NPК) и составили 37,1 т/га клубней (8,5 тыс/га кормовых единиц). При таком соотношении удобрений показано высокое качество клубней картофеля: содержание крахмала 15,5%, витамина С – 19,4 мг%, сырого протеина – 14,1%. Количество нитратного азота не превышало ПДК (ПДК 250 мг.с.м.). Экономические расчеты показали, что при внесении ТНК 40 т/га + 1 NPК в дерново-подзолистые почвы с.-х. использования в среднетаежной зоне Республики Коми при выращивании картофеля, условный чистый доход составит 68,4 тыс. р. с 1 га, себестоимость 1 т картофеля – 2,8 тыс. р., рентабельность 188,7%. The arable land of the Republic of Komi is mainly represented by dern-sub-ground soils with low natural fertility, which without the use of fertilizers are quickly subjected to degradation processes, which dramatically reduces their productivity. The aim of the research is to evaluate the efficiency of long-term use of organic and mineral fertilizers in the growing of potatoes in feed crop rotation in the conditions of the Komi Republic. The methodological basis for carrying out the works was comprehensive studies of dern-subhead soils, potato tubers on the sites of a multi-year field experiment laid on the lands of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the FRC Komi SC UB RAS in accordance with the «Methodological Instructions of the Geographical Network of Experiments with Fertilizers». A long period of research (more than 40 years) was characterized by different climatic conditions, which affected the number of crops and the quality of potato tubers. There were 7 rotations (14 years) with potato cultivation. Organic fertilizers – peat-avous compost (TNK) in doses of 40 and 80 t/ha (1 and 2 background, respectively) for potatoes and mineral fertilizers – NPK in doses of 1/3; 1/2 and 1 to replenish the carry-out of food elements by plants. The positive effect of the integrated use of organic and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of potatoes, as well as on the fertility of soddy-podzolic light loamy medium cultivated soil in fodder crop rotation in the soil and climatic conditions of the Komi Republic, has been established. As a result of the use of six-bed crop rotation and the integrated application of fertilizers, metabolic and hydrolytic acidity decreased in soils from 1978 to 2019; humus content increased by 0.5% (in control); 0.2–0.5% (with three doses of mineral fertilizers); 0.3–1.1% (with TNCs); 0.2–1.6% (with combined use of organic and mineral fertilizers). The largest potato yields were obtained from the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha tubers (8.5 thousand/ha feed units). The largest potato harvests were obtained with the combined use of organic (80 t/ha) and mineral fertilizers (1 NPK) and amounted to 37.1 t/ha of tubers (8.5 thousand/ha of feed units). With this ratio of fertilizers, the high quality of potato tubers was also determined: the starch content was 15.5%, vitamin C – 19.4 mg%, crude protein – 14.1%. The amount of nitrate nitrogen did not exceed the MPC (MPC 250 mg.s.m.). Economic calculations showed that if TNK is added 40 t/ha 1 NPK to the dern-sub-ground soils of agricultural use in the medium-sized zone of the Komi Republic when growing potatoes, the conditional net income will be 68.4 thousand rubles from 1 ha, the cost of 1 t of potatoes – 2.8 thousand rubles, profitability 188.7%.

Influence of mineral elements on the yield and quality of grain of the prospective line in winter tritikale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.N. Voronchikhina ◽  
◽  
A.G. Marenkova ◽  
V. S. Rubets ◽  
V. V. Pylnev
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Fertilizer System

The results of elements development of varietal agrotechnics of a new high-potential line 238h of winter triticale presented. It was identified that under the conditions of 2020 the most cost effective fertilizer system is an early spring application of NPK (S) (15-15-15 (10)) at a dose of 200kg/ha. The profitability level of this fertilizer was 88,9%.

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