scholarly journals Role of different types of protective forest stands in fodder productivity of rangeland in the Western Caspian region

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-399
Author(s):  
Ludmila P. Rybashlykova ◽  
Svetlana N. Sivceva ◽  
Tatyana F. Mahovikova
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Tree Crown ◽  
Crown Cover ◽  
Different Types

Forest pastures with different tree crown cover were studied. The seasonal dynamics of the yield and nutritional value of grass and twig-leaf fodder of forest pasture was studied. The unsystematic use of pastures in arid territories has increased the process of degradation and has become one of the factors of depletion of their natural vegetation. The use of forest reclamation in the 70s and 90s on sandy lands and pastures in the Western Caspian region made it possible to create significant areas of forest pasture land with strip and massive stands of Ulmus pumila L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. Different types of tree stands created on pastures not only improve the microclimate and form a comfortable environment for grazing animals, but also are an additional source of valuable twig feed. The aim of the research was to study forage productivity of forest pastures with different types of plantings on the sands of the Western Caspian region. The objects of the research were forest pastures with different species composition and tree crown cover. Studies on the forage productivity of forest-reclaimed pastures were conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the North Caucasus branch of Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Af-forestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The research was based on field experiments and laboratory analyses. According to the results of the study, forest-reclaimed pastures with unsystematic grazing had 1.52-fold increase in productivity compared to natural ones. The largest amount of twig-leaf feed was formed in broad-band Robinia stands in summer-autumn period. The total gross stock of natural pastures of the Western Caspian region did not exceed 0.30.4 t/ha of dry weight, the consumed stock was 0.20.3 t/ha. With the help of strip and massive plantings on degraded pasture lands, it is possible to increase significantly their productivity and quality with the achievement of 7 MJ of exchange energy and 0.260.29 feed units in 1 kg of elm and robinia twig-leaf feed during droughts.

scholarly journals GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN SEEDS OF THE COWPEA IN RESPONSE TO SALT AND HEAT STRESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luma Rayane de Lima Nunes ◽  
Paloma Rayane Pinheiro ◽  
Charles Lobo Pinheiro ◽  
Kelly Andressa Peres Lima ◽  
Alek Sandro Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Salt Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACT Salinity is prejudicial to plant development, causing different types of damage to species, or even between genotypes of the same species, with the effects being aggravated when combined with other types of stress, such as heat stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea genotypes (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to salt stress at different temperatures. Seeds of the Pujante, Epace 10 and Marataoã genotypes were placed on paper rolls (Germitest®) moistened with different salt concentrations of 0.0 (control), 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1, and placed in a germination chamber (BOD) at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35°C. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised design, in a 3 × 4 × 5 scheme of subdivided plots, with four replications per treatment. The variables under analysis were germination percentage, first germination count, shoot and root length, and total seedling dry weight. At temperatures of 30 and 35°C, increases in the salt concentration were more damaging to germination in the Epace 10 and Pujante genotypes, while for the Marataoã genotype, damage occurred at the temperature of 20°C. At 25°C, germination and vigour in the genotypes were higher, with the Pujante genotype proving to be more tolerant to salt stress, whereas Epace 10 and Marataoã were more tolerant to high temperatures. Germination in the cowpea genotypes was more sensitive to salt stress when subjected to heat stress caused by the low temperature of 20°C or high temperature of 35°C.

2ND INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC FORUM "CASPIAN REGION 2021: WAYS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT" MAY 26-28 2021, ASTRAKHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-135
Author(s):  
FEDOTOVA ANNA V. ◽  
◽  
KOSMACHEVA OLGA YU. ◽  
KOLESNIKOVA ELENA M. ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Science System ◽  
The North

The article gives an overview of the scientific forum "Caspian Region 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development" held on May 26-28, 2021 in the city of Astrakhan on the basis of the Astrakhan State University. The brief overview introduces the main directions of the forum related to the priority vectors of the Caspian macro-region development, touching upon the issues of cooperation in the scientific and educational sphere on the scale of the Great Caspian Sea, the development of the transport and logistics cluster, integrated safety and security in the context of the economic, cultural, environmental and geopolitical components, youth policy and education development issues. The International Scientific Forum "Caspian Region 2021: Ways of Sustainable Development" united leaders of the science system, higher education and youth policy, leading scientists, experts of higher education and will become the driver of the Year of Science and Technology in Russia. More than 20 events took place within the framework of the Forum: panel discussions, a national conference with international participation, a meeting of the Commission on Science, Research and Technology of the Association of State Universities of the Caspian Countries, a joint meeting of the Council of Rectors of Universities of the Southern Federal District and the North Caucasus Federal District, a meeting of the Caspian Discussion Club, round tables, excursions, presentations, lectures on relevant topics.

The ability of Distichlis spicata to grow sustainably within a saline discharge zone while improving the soil chemical and physical properties

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Sargeant ◽  
C. Tang ◽  
P. W. G. Sale
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Distichlis Spicata ◽  
Discharge Zone ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation

Landholder observations indicate that the growth of Distichlis spicata in saline discharge sites improves the soil condition. An extensive soil sampling survey was conducted at the Wickepin field site in Western Australia, where D. spicata had been growing for 8 years, to test the hypothesis that this halophytic grass will make improvements in chemical and physical properties of the soil. Soil measurements included saturated hydraulic conductivity, water-stable aggregates, root length and dry weight, electrical conductivity, pH, and soil nitrogen and carbon. Results confirm that marked differences in soil properties occurred under D. spicata. For example, a 12-fold increase in saturated hydraulic conductivity occurred where D. spicata had been growing for 8 years, compared to adjacent control soil where no grass had been growing. There were also improvements in aggregate stability, with the most notable improvements in the top 0.10 m of soil, again with the greatest improvements occurring where 8 years of growth had occurred. Soil nitrogen and carbon increased under the sward, with the biggest increases occurring in the top 0.10 m of soil. Electrical conductivity measurements were more variable, mostly due to the large spatial and temporal variation encountered. However, the findings generally support the proposition that the growth of D. spicata does not lead to an accumulation of salt within the rooting zone.

scholarly journals Effects of Cover Methods and Nitrogen Levels on the Growth and Yield of Tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Tran Thi My Can
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Black Plastic

To study the effects of cover methods and nitrogen (N) levels on the growth and yield components of tomato Cv. Pear F1, field experiments with a 4x3 factorial design were conducted in the 2019 spring and winter seasons using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The cover methods included four treatments: bare soil (BS), black plastic mulch (BPM), transparent polypropylene row cover (RC), and a combination of BPM and RC (BPMRC) with the RC removed approximately 30 days after transplanting. Nitrogen (N) was applied at three levels (150, 180, and 210 kg N ha-1). Using BPM and RC generally led to an increased air temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, and soil temperature compared to the BS treatment. Higher N rates (180 and 210 kg N ha-1) did not result  in different tomato fruit sizes and fruit weights but positively increased fruit yield and quality (Brix values and fruit dry weight) as compared to the 150 kg N ha-1 addition. The cover methods positively affected the yield components and fruit yield of tomato as well as the fruit characteristics compared to the BS treatment. Using cover materials (BPM and RC) combined with a higher N application significantly increased the yield attributes and fruit yield. The highest fruit yield was achieved under the mulching treatment by black plastic (BPM treatment) combined with a 210 kg N ha-1 application, resulting in 50.90 tons ha-1 in the spring and 58.27 tons ha-1 in the winter.

scholarly journals OFFERINGS OF HUNNIC-TYPE ARTIFACTS IN STONE ENCLOSURES AT ALTYNKAZGAN, THE EASTERN CASPIAN REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
A. E. Astafyev ◽  
E. S. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Caspian Region ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
The Third ◽  
Area North ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Mangyshlak Peninsula

In 2014–2015, nine enclosures built of stone slabs were excavated at Altynkazgan on the Mangyshlak Peninsula, Republic of Kazakhstan. Inside them, remains of offering ceremonies were found: vessels dug into the ground, altars made of limestone blocks, and pits for offerings. In one of these, we found a richly decorated bridle, in another, a belt set of inlaid golden plaques, and in the third, remains of a saddle (silver plates and other items). The entire assemblage has numerous parallels among the 5th and 6th century fi nds from the northern Black Sea area, North Caucasus, and the Volga basin. Ritual burial of a “golden” belt, a bridle, and a ceremonial saddle indicate an advanced cult that included offerings of prestigious belongings of a horseman. These rituals were introduced by Iranian-speaking nomads who had migrated to the eastern Caspian region during the Hunnic raids to Iran in the 5th century. At that time, owing to the regressive phase of the Caspian Sea, the semi-desert northern Caspian coast was connected with Mangyshlak by a land bridge. Our hypotheses are supported by both historical records and modern geomorphological studies of the Caspian Sea.

Investigation of a chlorsulfuron-resistant chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Vill.] population

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
G. M. Jeffers ◽  
M. P. Sharma ◽  
D. Maurice
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Growth Analyses

A chickweed population (R) from a farm near Stony Plain, Alberta, was more resistant to chlorsulfuron than a population (S) collected near Vegreville, Alberta. In greenhouse experiments, the S population was controlled completely by chlorsulfuron applied at 5 g ha−1, whereas 22 g ha−1 was required to reduce dry weight of the R population by 50%. Experiments conducted in a germinator indicated that percentage germination of the R population was higher than that of the S population up to ~ 60 h. Growth analyses in the greenhouse indicated that leaf number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, days to flowering, flower number, seed weight and relative yields differed little between the two populations. In field experiments, control of the R population was poor with the sulfonylurea herbicides, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron methyl, triasulfuron, amidosulfuron and thifensulfuron. Good to excellent control was obtained with cyanazine/MCPA, linuron, metribuzin, mecoprop, bentazon, metribuzin + MCPA, linuron + MCPA, and mecoprop + bentazon. Key words: Sulfonylurea herbicides, chlorsulfuron, herbicide resistance, relative competitiveness

Automated text analyses of YouTube comments as field experiments for assessing consumer sentiment towards products and brands

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Areni
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Consumer Sentiment ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Purpose The purpose of this study is to show how non-random groupings of YouTube videos can be combined with automated text analysis (ATA) of user comments to conduct quasi-experiments on consumer sentiment towards different types of brands in a naturalistic setting. Design/methodology/approach NCapture extracted thousands of comments on multiple videos representing different experimental treatments and Leximancer revealed differences in the lexical patterns of user comments for different types of brands. Findings User comments consistently revealed hypothesized relationships between brand types, based on existing theory regarding motivations for nostalgia and the relationship between consumer preferences, online product ratings and purchases. These results demonstrate the viability of conducting quasi-experimental research in naturalistic settings via non-random groupings of YT videos and ATA of user comments. Research limitations/implications This research adopts a single quasi-experimental design: the non-equivalent group, after-only design. However, the same basic approach can be used with other quasi-experimental designs to examine different kinds of research questions. Originality/value Overall, this research points to the potential for ATA of comments on different categories of YT videos as a relatively straightforward approach for conducting field experiments that establish the ecological validity of laboratory findings. The method is easy to use and does not require the participation and cooperation of private, third party social media research companies.

Components of Error in Field Experiments with Cotton, Groundnuts, Kenaf and Sesame in the Central Sudan Rainlands. II . Variation in Plant Measurements Through the Season and a Discussion of Surface Drainage as a Source of Variation

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. B. Hack
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Surface Drainage ◽  
Central Sudan ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Uncontrolled Variation

Dry weight, stem and branch length and node number, and flower and fruit number where appropriate, were recorded through the season on cotton, groundnuts, kenaf and sesame in the central rainlands of the Sudan in 1965. For each sampling date variationwithin plotsandbetweenreplicate plots within blocksandtreatmentxblockinteraction have been studied, together with the effect of these components on the magnitude of the residual root mean square in the analysis oftreatmentsxblocks.The main components were usuallywithin plotandbetween replicate plots within blockerrors. Uncontrolled variation was unacceptably great, and was thought to be in large part the result of irregular surface drainage conditions. It seems more likely to be useful to include surface drainage contrasts in field experiments subject to high intensity rainfall on this impermeable clay soil than to attempt to increase precision alone.

scholarly journals Agro-economic yield of taro clones in Brazil, propagated with different types of cuttings, in three crop seasons

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 785-798
Author(s):  
NESTOR A. HEREDIA ZARATE ◽  
MARIA C. VIEIRA ◽  
LUCIANE A. TABALDI ◽  
DANILO A. HEREDIA VIEIRA ◽  
ROSIMEIRE P.G. JORGE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Different Types

The experimental studies were conducted in 2007-2008, 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 crop seasons, in order to know the agro-economic yield of 'Chinês' and "Macaquinho" taro clones, propagated using huge, extra, large, medium, small and tiny cormels. The harvest was done on average on 202 days after planting, in three crop seasons. Based on the joint analysis of variance carried out, it was observed that taro clones showed significant differences in the yield of fresh and dry weight of leaves, cormels, and commercial and non-commercial comels; besides, there were significant differences in yield of a crop season to another and the size of the cuttings induced significant differences in yield. In the conditions that the experiments were conducted, and considering the highest average yield of fresh weight of commercial cormels (28.69 t.ha-1) and highest net income (US $14,741.14) correspondent to the three crop seasons, it is recommended to cultivate 'Macaquinho' clone using small cuttings in propagation.

scholarly journals Effect of Ultraviolet-C Radiation and Melatonin Stress on Biosynthesis of Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Metabolites Produced in In Vitro Callus Cultures of Lepidium sativum L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asad Ullah ◽  
Duangjai Tungmunnithum ◽  
Laurine Garros ◽  
Samantha Drouet ◽  
Christophe Hano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Callus Culture ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Uv C ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Lepidium sativum L. is a rich source of polyphenols that have huge medicinal and pharmaceutical applications. In the current study, an effective abiotic elicitation strategy was designed for enhanced biosynthesis of polyphenols in callus culture of L. sativum. Callus was exposed to UV-C radiations for different time intervals and various concentrations of melatonin. Secondary metabolites were quantified by using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results indicated the total secondary metabolite accumulation of nine quantified compounds was almost three fold higher (36.36 mg/g dry weight (DW)) in melatonin (20 μM) treated cultures, whereas, in response to UV-C (60 min), a 2.5 fold increase (32.33 mg/g DW) was recorded compared to control (13.94 mg/g DW). Metabolic profiling revealed the presence of three major phytochemicals, i.e., chlorogenic acid, kaemferol, and quercetin, in callus culture of L. sativum. Furthermore, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and enzymatic activities of callus cultures were significantly enhanced. Maximum antidiabetic activities (α-glucosidase: 57.84%; α-amylase: 62.66%) were recorded in melatonin (20 μM) treated callus cultures. Overall, melatonin proved to be an effect elicitor compared to UV-C and a positive correlation in these biological activities and phytochemical accumulation was observed. The present study provides a better comparison of both elicitors and their role in the initiation of physiological pathways for enhanced metabolites biosynthesis in vitro callus culture of L. sativum.

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